Isolated Tricuspid Valve Repair and Right Atrial Plication Performed Using a Beating-Heart Technique for Atrial Functional Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation

Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.

Impact of MitraClip Program on the Volume and Outcomes of Mitral Valve Surgery:A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Surgical repair has been the standard therapy for severe mitral regurgitation causing symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction.Percutaneous mitral valve repair has become an appealing alternative approach for patients who are not suitable for surgery.However,clinical trial data are not available on the institutional impact of a percutaneous mitral valve repair program on mitral valve surgery.The current study retrospectively evaluated the impact of the MitraClip program on the mitral valve surgery volume and outcomes.Patient data were retrieved from the 2 years before and the 2 years after initiation of the MitraClip program.The volume of MitraClip procedures increased from eight cases in 2015 to 91 cases in 2017.Since the initiation of the MitraClip program in 2015,the volume of both mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair also increased(43 vs.60 and 110 vs.154,respectively).Importantly,we observed improved surgical outcomes,including fewer perioperative complications and lower operative mortality and in-hospital mortality.Data from our single-institution experience indicate that the introduction of the MitraClip program is associated with increased mitral valve surgery volume and improved outcomes.The establishment of the MitraClip program enables the hospital to provide higher quality of care and potentially become a referring center for structural heart patients.

Long-Term Outcomes Comparing Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair versus Conventional Mitral Valve Surgery

Objectives: To compare the long term outcomes between minimally invasive mitral valve repair (MiMVR) and conventional surgery. Current retrospective comparisons between the techniques frequently report echocardiographical (echo) outcomes early after surgery and rarely report them later. Methods: Patients were selected for MiMVR by the surgical multi-disciplinary meeting from June 2008-March 2013. Patients included had at least two transthoracic post-operative echocardiograms. Echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular size and systolic function, degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) and mean mitral valve gradient were recorded. Clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, re-operation, recurrence of at least moderate MR and elevated mean mitral valve gradients > 5 mmHg were recorded and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: 223 patients were screened, 96 (43%) met the criteria and were included. Thirty-seven patients underwent conventional surgery and 59 underwent MiMVR. Mean clinical follow-up was 6.3 years and echo follow up was 3.2 years. There was a significantly higher recurrence of moderate MR in the conventional group (38% (n = 19) versus 17% (n = 10)). The mean LV end-diastolic diameter was 4.8 cm (conventional) versus 5.0 cm (MiMVR). The incidence of elevated PG was 26% (n = 13, conventional) and 23% (n = 14, MiMVR). There was no significant difference in incidence in re-operation (conventional 12% (n = 6), MiMVR 8.3% (n = 5)). Long-term mortality was higher in the conventional group (1.7% vs. 18% p = 0.004) although the logistic Euroscore was significantly higher 6.8% ± 5.4 vs. 3.6% ± 1.6. Conclusions: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is safe and feasible in selected patients with good medium and long-term echocardiographic follow-up.

Geometric comparison of the mitral and tricuspid valve annulus:Insights from three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography

AIM To apply real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT3D TEE) for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the mitral valve annulus(MVA) and tricuspid valve annulus(TVA) in the same patient.METHODS Our retrospective cohort study examined the MVA and TVA in 49 patients by RT3 D TEE. MVA and TVA shape were examined by TEE. The MVA and TVA volume data set images were acquired in the mid esophageal 4-chamber view. The MVA and TVA were acquired separately, with optimization of each for the highest frame rate and image quality. The 3D shape of the annuli was reconstructed using the Philips~? Q lab, MVQ ver. 6.0 MVA model software. The end-systolic frame was used. The parameters measured and compared were annular area, circumference, high-low distances(height), anterolateralposterolateral(ALPM), and anteroposterior(AP) axes. RESULTS A total of 49 patients(mean age 61 ± 14 years, 45% males) were studied. The ALPM and the AP axes of the MVA and TVA are not significantly different. The ALPM axis of the MVA was 37.9 ± 6.4 mm and 38.0 ± 5.6 mm for the TVA(P = 0.70). The AP axis of the MVA was 34.8 ± 5.7 mm and 34.9 ± 6.2 mm for the TVA(P = 0.90). The MVA and the TVA had similar circumference and area. The circumference of the MVA was 127.9 ± 16.8 mm and 125.92 ± 16.12 mm for the TVA(P = 0.23). The area of the MVA was 1103.7 ± 307.8 mm^2 and 1131.7 ± 302.0 mm^2 for the TVA(P = 0.41). The MVA and TVA are similar oval structures, but with significantly different heights. The ALPM/AP ratio for the MVA was 1.08 ± 0.33 and 1.09 ± 0.28 for the TVA(P < 0.001). The height for the MVA and TVA was 9.23 ± 2.11 mm and 4.37 ± 1.48 mm, respectively(P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION RT3 D TEE plays an unprecedented role in the management of valvular heart disease. The specific and exclusive shape of the MVA and TVA was revealed in our study of patients studied. Moreover, the intricate codependence of the MVA and the TVA depends on their distinctive shapes. This realization seen from our study will allow us to better understand the role valvular disease plays in disease states such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension.

Surgical management of moderate ischemic mitral valve regurgitation: Where do we stand?

Ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR) represents a common complication after myocardial infarction. The valve is anatomically normal and the incompetence is the result of papillary muscles displacement and annular dilatation, causing leaflets tethering. Functionally the leaflets present a restricted systolic motion due to tethering forces that displaces the coaptation surface toward the left ventricle apex. The patients present poor left ventricular function at the time of surgery and the severity of the mitral regurgitation increases the risk of mortality. Currently there is general agreement to treat surgically severe IMR nevertheless strong evidences for patient with moderate insufficiency remains poor and proper treatment debated. The most effectivesurgical approach for the treatment of IMR remains debated. Some authors demonstrated that coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) alone is beneficial in patients with IMR. Conversely, in most patients, moderate IMR will persist or worsen after CABG alone which translate in higher long-term mortality as a function of residual mitral regurgitation severity. A probable reason for this unclear surgical management of functional MR is due to the contemporary suboptimal results of reparative techniques. The standard surgical treatment of chronic IMR is CABG associated with undersized annuloplasty using complete ring. Though, the recurrence of mitral regurgitation remains high(> 30%) because of continous left ventricle remodeling. To get better long term results, in the last decade, several subvalvular procedures in adjunct to mitral anuloplasty have been developed. Among them, surgical papillary muscle relocation represents the most appreciated option capable to restore normal left ventricle geometry. In the next future new preoperative predictors of increased mitral regurgitation recurrence are certainly needed to find an individual time period of treatment in each patient with moderate IMR.

Clinical outcomes of tricuspid valve repair accompanying left-sided heart disease

AIM To determine whether the need for additional tricuspid valve repair is an independent risk factor when surgery is required for a left-sided heart disease.METHODS One hundred and eighty patients(68 ± 12 years,79 males) underwent tricuspid annuoplasty.Cox proportionalhazards regression model for multivariate analysis was performed for variables found significant in univariate analyses.RESULTS Tricuspid regurgitation etiology was functional in 154 cases(86%),organic in 16 cases(9%),and mixed in10 cases(6%),respectively.Postoperative mortality at 30 days was 11.7%.Mean follow-up was 51.7 mo with survival at 5 years of 73.5%.Risk factors for mortality were acute endocarditis [hazard ratio(HR) = 9.22(95%CI:2.87-29.62),P < 0.001],ischemic heart disease requiring myocardial revascularization [HR = 2.79(1.26-6.20),P = 0.012],and aortic valve stenosis [HR = 2.6(1.15-5.85),P = 0.021].Significant predictive factors from univariate analyses were double-valve replacement combined with tricuspid annuloplasty [HR = 2.21(1.11-4.39),P = 0.003] and preoperatively impaired ejection fraction [HR = 1.98(1.04-3.92),P = 0.044].However,successful mitral valve repair showed a protective effect [HR = 0.32(0.10-0.98),P = 0.046].Additionally,in instances where tricuspid regurgitation required the need for concomitant tricuspid valve repair,mortality predictor scores such as Euroscore 2 could be shortened to a simple Euroscore-tricuspid comprised of only 7 inputs.The explanation may lie in the fact that significant tricuspid regurgitation following leftsided heart disease represents an independent risk factor encompassing several other factors such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and dyspnea.CONCLUSION Tricuspid annuloplasty should be used more often as a concomitant procedure in the presence of relevant tricuspid regurgitation,although it usually reveals an overly delayed correction of a left-sided heart disease.

Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery via Right Mini-Thoracotomy: Technical Aspects to Facilitate Prosthetic Valve Insertion

Mitral and tricuspid valve surgery is increasingly being performed through a right mini-thoracotomy approach. Although valve repair is preferred over replacement whenever possible, valve replacement may be required in certain patients. In situations where the mitral or tricuspid anatomy are unfavorable and exposure is difficult, seating a prosthetic valve in the annulus through a right mini-thoracotomy approach may be difficult, compared to conventional sternotomy approach. This is complicated by limited tactile feedback in the minimally invasive approach. Herein, we describe several simple maneuvers that facilitate proper prosthetic valve seating and visualization of the posterior annulus during minimally invasive valve operations via right mini-thoracotomy.

Catheter Ablation of Mitral Isthmus Flutter Post Mitral Valve Repair and Surgical Maze: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hereby we describe a case of LAF developed after a surgical Maze procedure that demonstrates the importance of a systematic approach to mapping and ablating atypical atrial flutter to prevent a recurrence of symptomatic arrhythmia. In patients with previous cardiac surgery procedures, and in particular after a surgical maze, there are many different potential LA reentry circuits that involve various pathways. Both activation mapping and entrainment mapping were performed in order to identify the critical isthmus of the circuit and to effectively terminate the arrhythmia.

Midterm Results of Leaflet Augmentation in Mitral Valve Repairin Rheumatic Valves Experience in One Center

Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) should undergo surgery when they present symptoms or if asymptomatic when there is objective evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. In this work, we analyze the midterm results of leaflet augmentation in mitral valve repair of rheumatic valves with gluteraldehyde preserved autologous pericardium. Patients and Methods: In our department 48 patients were exposed to mitral valve repair by leaflet augmentation either anterior or posterior beside other technique and all patients supported by flexible annuloplasty ring and followed for five years clinically and by echocardiography. Results: Age of the patients ranging from 12 to 47 years, mean age 25.9 ± 8.9 and there were 12 males (25%) and 36 females (75%) with male to female ratio of 1:3. All patients presented with shortness of breath (100%);with 14 patients were in NYHA class III (29.17%) and 34 patients were in NYHA class IV (70.83%). During follow-up period 5 patients needed reoperation by valve replacement, causes of reoperation were restrictive valve motion in one patient, left atrial thrombus in 1 patient and sever mitral regurgitation in 3 patients. Freedom from reoperation was 87.5%. At 5 years, (92.9%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I, three patients (7.1%) were in class II. Echocardiography at follow-up showed satisfactory mitral valve function. Conclusion: leaflet augmentation is a simple and reproducible method of valve repair for rheumatic MR with good midterm result.

胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换同期行三尖瓣成形术的疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术(MVR)同期行三尖瓣成形术(TVP)的疗效。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年5月汕头市中心医院收治的接受胸腔镜下MVR+TVP的患者102例进行回顾性研究。收集患者的临床资料,所有患者均确诊为中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变,且合并中度及以上的三尖瓣反流(TR),入院后完善常规检查,行MVR+TVP。记录两组患者的手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后24 h胸腔引流量、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况;比较手术前后的左心室前后径、左室射血分数(LVEF)、右室舒张末径(RVEDD)、右心房内径(RA)、肺动脉压力。术后随访1年,根据患者病情是否复发,分成复发组(n=20)、非复发组(n=82),比较两组临床资料,经多因素Logistic回归模型分析患者术后病情复发的独立危险因素。结果 患者平均手术时间为(258.54±20.06)min,主动脉阻断时间为(140.66±13.58)min,体外循环时间为(215.65±20.67) min,呼吸机辅助时间为(22.06±1.39) h,术后24 h胸腔引流量为(220.74±10.93) mL,术后住院时间为(8.76±1.05) d。102例患者并发症发生率为15.69%。患者术后1周的左心室前后径、RVEDD、RA、肺动脉压力分别为(43.69±4.87) mm、(61.35±5.19)%、(29.52±3.69) mm、(31.25±5.40) mm、(25.98±4.27) mmHg,术后6个月的分别为(44.13±4.91) mm、(60.87±4.73)%、(30.04±4.10) mm、(31.69±5.37) mm、(25.13±6.48) mmHg,均低于术前[(50.87±6.35) mm、(61.47±4.92)%、(36.94±4.51) mm、(42.19±6.72) mm、(48.52±7.84) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,术前重度TR、术后6个月肺动脉压力增高是患者胸腔镜下MVR+TVP术后病情复发的危险因素,人工瓣环成形术是预防病情复发的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 胸腔镜下MVR+TVP能改善中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变合并中度及以上TR患者的心功能与肺动脉压力,未引起严重并发症,安全性高,但患者术后病情复发仍受术前TR程度、术后肺动脉压力变化、三尖瓣成形术方式的影响。

复脉益心方辅助治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者的临床疗效及对其心功能、基质金属蛋白酶-9、N末端前体脑利钠肽水平的影响

目的 探讨复脉益心方辅助治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者的疗效及对其心功能、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloprotein-9,MMP-9)水平、N末端前体脑利钠肽(N-terminal precursor brain natriuretic peptide,NT-pro BNP)水平的影响。方法 选取2021年2月—2022年2月期间湖南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者88例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各44例。两组患者均接受二尖瓣置换术治疗,术后根据病情给予西医常规治疗,观察组术后在常规西医治疗基础上联合复脉益心方治疗。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、安全性,治疗前后中医证候积分,MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平、心功能指标(每分钟心输出量、每搏输出量、心脏指数、左心室射血分数)、生活质量评分(社会限制、体力限制、症状、情绪)变化情况。结果 治疗后两组患者心悸、疲乏、气短、盗汗或自汗、心烦、失眠多梦评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组心悸、疲乏、气短、盗汗或自汗、心烦、失眠多梦评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清MMP-9和NT-pro BNP水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血清MMP-9和NT-pro BNP水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者每分钟心输出量、每搏输出量、心脏指数及左心室射血分数指标均较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组每分钟心输出量、每搏输出量、心脏指数及左心室射血分数指标均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者社会限制、体力限制、症状及情绪评分均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组社会限制、体力限制、症状及情绪评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组总有效率95.45%(42/44)明显高于对照组79.55%(35/44),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者肝肾功能、血常规均未发生异常,术后也未出现明显用药不良反应。结论 复脉益心方辅助二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜病,能够降低MMP-9、NT-proBNP水平,有助于改善患者心功能,保护心肌,快速缓解患者临床症状,提高生活质量。

达芬奇机器人辅助与常规开胸二尖瓣手术患者术后早期效果的对比观察

目的 观察比较达芬奇机器人辅助二尖瓣手术与常规开胸二尖瓣手术患者的短期预后。方法 单中心回顾性临床观察研究。收集2022年4月至2023年4月在青岛大学附属医院行二尖瓣置换或成形手术的174例患者资料,男性81例、女性93例,年龄35~70岁、平均年龄57.9岁,依据手术方式分为达芬奇机器人辅助手术组(达芬奇组,84例)和常规开胸手术组(常规组,90例),比较两组的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间和输血量等术中资料,以及术后呼吸机辅助通气时间、重症监护室滞留时间、住院时间、引流量、再次手术、30d内死亡、血常规、C反应蛋白、凝血指标、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血清B型利钠肽(BNP)和肝肾功能等短期预后指标。结果 两组患者术前基线临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。两组患者均无术后再次手术及术后30d内死亡情况。与常规组相比,达芬奇组体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间较长(t=9.420和8.015,均为P<0.001),术中自体血回输量及异体血浆使用量较少(Z=-3.611和-3.332,均为P<0.01),术后呼吸机辅助通气时间、重症监护室滞留时间、住院时间、术后24、48和72h内引流量较少(Z=-5.868、-5.243、-2.989、-7.886、-5.314和-3.222,均为P<0.01),术毕心肌损伤标志物cTnI和BNP水平较低(Z=-5.220和-4.388,均为P<0.001),术毕及术后第1天血小板计数、术毕纤维蛋白原浓度较高(Z=-3.304、-2.521和-3.064,均为P<0.01)。达芬奇组术后3d内肝功能异常发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.518,P=0.004);但两组术后第5天肝功能异常发生率无统计学差异(χ~2=1.171,P=0.279)。与常规组相比,达芬奇组术后第1和2天的尿素氮水平较低(Z=-3.057和-3.793,均为P<0.01),术后第2天的肌酐水平较低(Z=-2.545,P=0.011)。两组术后C反应蛋白水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 尽管观察到达芬奇机器人辅助较常规开胸二尖瓣手术的体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间延长,对术后肝功能有一过性影响,但对术后凝血功能、心肌和肾功能损伤较小,可缩短住院时间,患者短期预后较好。

全胸腔镜二尖瓣置换术同期心脏不停跳三尖瓣成形术安全性及有效性的临床研究

目的比较全胸腔镜二尖瓣置换术同期行三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术与正中开胸二尖瓣置换术同期行三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术的手术结果及短期疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年12月在广西壮族自治区人民医院接受二尖瓣置换术同期行三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术治疗三尖瓣反流(TR)的94例患者临床资料。68例接受正中开胸二尖瓣置换术同期心脏不停跳三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术(正中开胸组),26例接受全胸腔镜二尖瓣置换术同期心脏不停跳三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术(全胸腔镜组)。通过倾向性匹配评分(PSM)减少选择偏倚,最终得到26对病例进行分析。比较两组基本信息、手术治疗及术后随访资料,包括心脏彩超结果、手术住院相关指标等。结果全胸腔镜组手术时间、体外循环时间及阻断时间长于正中开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月心脏彩超检查结果显示,两组二尖瓣收缩期血流速度、二尖瓣压差、压力减半时间(PHT)、TR面积、右心房内径(RAD)、右心室内径(RVD)以及房颤发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后24个月TR复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24个月心脏彩超检查结果显示,正中开胸组二尖瓣压差显著低于全胸腔镜组(P<0.05),但两组二尖瓣收缩期血流速度、PHT、TR面积、RAD、RVD、左心室射血分数(LVEF)以及瓣周漏、房颤、肺动脉高压发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全胸腔镜二尖瓣手术置换术同期行三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术与正中开胸二尖瓣置换术同期行三尖瓣人工瓣环成形术的疗效相当,两种手术方式均可用于临床治疗二尖瓣、三尖瓣联合瓣膜病变。

左心瓣膜术后单纯性三尖瓣关闭不全的微创治疗方案及围术期结果

目的分析全胸腔镜手术治疗左心瓣膜术后单纯性重度三尖瓣关闭不全的围术期结果,探讨全胸腔镜手术在再次三尖瓣手术中的优势及临床效果。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2023年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心心脏大血管外科接受全胸腔镜三尖瓣手术治疗的左心瓣膜术后单纯性重度三尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料。共计134例患者符合标准纳入研究,总结其围术期临床资料以及治疗经验。其中72例(53.7%)患者行三尖瓣成形术(三尖瓣成形组),62例(46.3%)患者行三尖瓣置换术(三尖瓣置换组),比较两组相关指标。结果134例患者体外循环中位时间为92 min,平均手术时间为(183.8±56.1)min。2例(1.5%)患者体外循环撤机后出现右心功能不全,后予以体外膜肺氧合支持,于术后1周内顺利撤机。术中输注血制品54例(40.3%)。术后患者呼吸机辅助通气中位时间为13.0 h。重症监护室(ICU)停留中位时间为2.0 d,引流管拔除中位时间为2.0 d,术后胸腔引流量中位数为475.0 mL。16例患者出现术后早期并发症,包括室颤2例,胸腔积液4例,住院再手术2例,起搏器植入8例。无术后早期死亡。三尖瓣成形组肺动脉压、术前房颤占比低于三尖瓣置换组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三尖瓣成形组手术时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间短于三尖瓣置换组,术中输血浆量、术后引流量、术后右心房内径、术后右心室舒张末期内径、左心房内径、术后并发症发生率低于三尖瓣置换组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者体外循环时间、术中输血率、引流管拔除时间、术后左心室舒张末期内径、术后左心室射血分数、术后次日肌钙蛋白T、术后次日肌酸激酶同工酶MB、人工心脏辅助装置(包括体外膜肺氧合和主动脉内球囊反搏)使用率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全胸腔镜体外循环下不停跳三尖瓣手术具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优点。对于满足手术指征的患者,尽早手术可能有更高概率接受三尖瓣成形术和获得更好的围术期结果。

二尖瓣手术联合三尖瓣修复治疗老年退行性二尖瓣关闭不全并发三尖瓣轻中度反流及环形扩张的临床研究

目的:探讨老年退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并三尖瓣轻度、中度反流伴环形扩张病人采用二尖瓣置换(MVR)同期三尖瓣成形术(TVP)治疗的效果。方法:对我院2016年1月—2021年1月实施手术治疗的95例老年退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并三尖瓣轻度、中度反流伴环形扩张病人进行回顾性分析。仅采取MVR治疗的47例病人作为对照组,MVR同期TVP实施手术的48例病人作为研究组,比较两组病人手术过程及术后恢复指标、手术前后超声心动图指标、三尖瓣反流程度分级、并发症发生率。结果:研究组手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间均明显长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组重症监护室(ICU)停留时间、心包纵隔引流量、呼吸机使用时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24个月,两组右心房内径(RVEDD)、右心室舒张末期内径(RV)、三尖瓣舒张期瓣环径(DTV)、动脉高压(SPAP)测定值均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),两组左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)较术前均明显提高(P<0.05);研究组RA、RVEDD、DTV、SPAP明显低于对照组,LVFS明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24个月,研究组无反流23例、轻度反流25例,对照组无反流4例、轻度反流14例、中度反流29例,研究组术后的三尖瓣反流病情明显减轻(P<0.05)。两组手术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并三尖瓣轻度、中度反流伴环形扩张病人采用MVR同期TVP治疗较单纯的MVR治疗临床效果更好,且不会增加手术并发症发生率。

3D打印技术在结构性心脏病的新进展

3D打印技术在结构性心脏病临床介入治疗中有着广泛的应用,可直观了解患者相关部位解剖、术前进行手术模拟、辅助制定手术策略。3D打印在经导管瓣膜病、瓣周漏、先天性心脏病、肥厚型心肌病、左心耳封堵等复杂结构性心脏疾病临床治疗方面发挥着显著的辅助作用。个体化心血管3D打印辅助指导结构性心脏病精准治疗,可降低手术相关风险、提高手术治疗效果。

Live three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in mitral valve surgery

Background Live three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography （live-3D-TEE） is a new technique, but its clinical value is unclear at present. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, imaging quality and accuracy of live-3D-TEE for assessing mitral valve morphology to determine if live-3D-TEE has important value in mitral valve surgery.Methods Twenty-four patients with mitral valve disease （mean age （47.1±11.6） years, mean weight （64.7±10.5） kg） underwent live-3D-TEE and two dimensional transesophageal echocardiography （2D-TEE） before and after mitral valve surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, and total consistency rates of live-3D-TEE for diagnosing ruptured chordae were calculated and compared to surgeon＇s findings. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of mitral valve disease between live-3D-TEE and 2D-TEE.Results Live-3D-TEE allowed visualization of the anatomic structure of the heart online and clearly identified the valvular apparatus and their defects. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ruptured chordae by live-3D-TEE were 87.5% and 100% respectively, and the total consistency rate was 95.8%. Additional defects not diagnosted by 2D-TEE were found in three cases （12.5%） preoperatively by live-3D-TEE. Live-3D-TEE could evaluate the function of prosthetic or native valves immediately after operation. One case was re-repaired （4.2%） using guidance by live-3D-TEE.Conclusion Live-3D-TEE enabled evaluation of mitral valve function and provided adequate valuable information before and after mitral valve surgery. We conclude that live-3D-TEE can play an important role in mitral valve surgery.

Surgical treatment for functional mitral regurgitation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy: Current options and future trends

There is an increasing number of patients with mitral regurgitation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy. Recent data suggest that mitral regurgitation (MR) can be surgically corrected in heart failure with symptomatic improvements and favourable reverse left ventricular remodeling. However, several questions remain to be answered, regarding the optimal management of functional mitral regurgitation, the correct timing of surgery and the choice of the surgical technique to perform in patients affected by dilated cardiomyopathy. In the setting of ischemic chronic cardiomyopathy, data derived from the recent literature suggest that concomitant severe ischemic MR should be addressed during CABG to improve survival and quality of life. Most surgeons perform concomitant CABG and mitral valve surgery in patients with ischemic chronic cardiomyopathy and moderate to severe MR. In the setting of chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, most clinicians would agree that correction of severe MR in heart failure is warranted, mostly due to a symptomatic benefit and reduction of number of re-hospitalizations. Moreover, reverse ventricular remodeling has been demonstrated with undersized annuloplasty rings and correction of MR: this could lead to improved contractility, reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and finally to improved NYHA functional class. Recent large studies suggest that patients undergoing mitral valve repair had improved perioperative survival, shorter length of stay, and improved long-term survival than those undergoing mitral valve replacement because the preservation of the subvalvular apparatus seems to result in superior left ventricular remodelling and in greater improvement in NYHA class. In the near future, data from multi-institutional, randomized prospective trials will help to elucidate many of the questions and concerns regarding repair of severe functional mitral regurgitation. Finally, technology applied to heart surgery is continually evolving and will allow more exciting cellular and novel device therapies for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy.

A Surgical Case of Primary Cardiac Osteosarcoma Arising from Mitral Posterior Leaflet

Little is reported about primary cardiac osteosarcoma from mitral valve. We report a surgical case of primary cardiac osteosarcoma arising from mitral valve. The patient was a 54-year-old woman with congestive heart failure caused by mitral regurgitation due to a tumor (30 × 20 mm) from the posterior leaflet. We performed complete resection of the tumor combined with the mitral valve and replaced it to a mechanical valve. Histopathological examination showed evidence of complete excision of cardiac osteosarcoma. Sixteen months after the initial surgery, the mechanical valve has a trouble with its opening of leaflets due to local recurrence in the mitral annulus, and 2nd mitral valve replacement following tumor excision was performed. Eighteen months after the 2nd surgery, the patient finally died by recurrence as well as invasion of osteosarcoma from mitral annulus to left ventricular myocardium. We discussed about the management and treatments of primary cardiac osteosarcoma in this case.

二尖瓣置换同期行优化的迷宫Ⅳ术治疗二尖瓣疾病合并心房颤动的临床疗效

目的:探讨二尖瓣置换同期行优化的迷宫Ⅳ术,在治疗二尖瓣疾病合并心房颤动患者中的临床疗效。方法:2016年01月至2020年12月,136例二尖瓣疾病合并心房颤动患者在我科手术治疗,回顾性分析临床资料。其中63例患者二尖瓣置换术同期行经典的迷宫Ⅳ术(经典组),73例患者二尖瓣置换术同期行优化的迷宫Ⅳ(优化组)。经典组男28例,女35例,年龄38~70岁,平均(56.7±12.5)岁;优化组男33例,女40例,年龄42~72岁,平均(58.6±14.3)岁。分析两组患者的一般资料、术前超声心动图结果、围术期资料、出院时及随访心电图和超声心动图结果,分析二尖瓣置换同期行优化的迷宫Ⅳ术,在治疗二尖瓣疾病合并心房颤动患者中的临床疗效。结果:优化组主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、手术操作时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间和胸腔引流量均短于经典组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率、ICU滞留时间和术后住院时间等,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组出院时、术后3、6、12个月窦性心律维持率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后6个月LAD、LVEDD、LVEF、肺动脉压及心功能分级等,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:优化的迷宫Ⅳ同期二尖瓣置换术治疗二尖瓣疾病合并心房颤动,能缩短手术时间,术后恢复快,随访结果满意。