Meta-analysis of new intervention measures for preventing side effects of artificial joint replacement

BACKGROUND Intertrochanteric fracture of the femur occurs mostly among older people,and seriously affects daily life and quality of life.At present,physical intervention,drug treatment,routine intervention and rehabilitation training are widely used for prevention of side effects,but it is still inconclusive which intervention has the best effect.AIM To compare the effects of new intervention measures for preventing side effects of artificial joint replacement.METHODS We searched the Chinese and English literatures for comparative studies on the prevention of side effects of new interventions for artificial joint replacement from July 2013 to June 2023 in China HowNet,PubMed,Wanfang,Weipu and other databases.Study quality was evaluated by improved Jadad scoring standard,and the effects of different interventions on preventing different complications were analyzed by meta-analysis of evidence-based medicine with Review Manager 5.0 software.RESULTS Ten articles,including 869 cases,were finally included.The preventive effects of different interventions on the side effects of artificial joint replacement were studied,and valid data were extracted.There were two articles on the preventive effects of drug intervention,four on comparison of the preventive effects of combined and single interventions,and three on the preventive effects of physical intervention,rehabilitation training and routine intervention.Meta-analysis showed that the preventive effect of rivaroxaban was significantly better than low molecular weight heparin calcium[mean difference(MD)=-0.16,95%CI:-0.28 to-0.04,P<0.05].The effect of combined intervention was significantly better than that of single intervention(MD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.16 to-0.01,P<0.001).Physical intervention was significantly better than routine intervention and rehabilitation training(MD=0.26,95%CI:0.16–0.36,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban combined with rehabilitation training is preferred for preventing deep vein thrombosis after artificial joint replacement.In the prevention of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban drug intervention is given priority.The effect of combined intervention is better than that of single intervention.

Hybrid Effects on MHD Mixed Convective Boundary Layer Flow through a Sloped Plate in Existence of Nanofluid-Saturated Porous Medium

This study examines the effects of heat, mass, and boundary layer assumptions-based nanoparticle characteristics on the hybrid effects of using MHD in conjunction with mixed convective flow through a sloped vertical pore plate in the existence of medium of porous. Physical characteristics such as thermo-diffusion, injection-suction, and viscous dissipation are taken into consideration, in addition to an equally distributed magnetic force utilized as well in the completely opposite path of the flow. By means of several non-dimensional transformations, the momentum, energy, concentration, and nanoparticle volume fraction equations under investigation are converted in terms of nonlinear boundary layer equations and computationally resolved by utilizing the sixth-order Runge-Kutta strategy in combination together with the iteration of Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting procedure. By contrasting the findings produced for a few particular examples with those found in the published literature, the correctness of the numerical result is verified, and a rather good agreement is found. Utilizing various ranges of pertinent factors, computing findings are determined not only regarding velocity, temperature, and concentration as well as nanoparticle fraction of volume but also concerning with local skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt and general Sherwood numbers associated with nanoparticle Sherwood number. The findings of the study demonstrate that increasing the fluid suction parameter decreases the velocity and temperature of the flow field in conjunction with concentration and has a variable impact on the nanoparticle fraction of volume, despite an increasing behavior in the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt as well as general Sherwood numbers and an increasing behavior in the local nanoparticle Sherwood number. Furthermore, enhancing a Schmidt number leads to a reduction in the local nanoparticle Sherwood number and a rise in the nanoparticle proportion of volume. Along with concentration, it also reduces temperature and velocity. However, it also raises the local Sherwood and Nusselt numbers and reduces the local skin friction coefficient.

Effect of auricular acupoint sticking and pressing on postoperative pain of patients with mixed hemorrhoids:A Meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the application effect of auricular acupuncture in postoperative analgesia in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:We searched Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,Embase,and The Cochrane Library to collect randomized controlled trials about auricular acupuncture on Postoperative patients with mixed hemorrhoids.According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria screening literature.RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 20 articles and 21 studies were included,including 1999 patients after mixed hemorrhoids.The control group was treated with routine nursing analgesia.The experimental group was treated with auricular acupressure beans based on the control group.The meta-analysis showed that the pain relief rate of the experimental group was better than that of the control group[OR=2.84,95%CI(2.12,3.80),P<0.05].Subgroup analysis showed that the application of auricular acupressure after milligan morgan was superior to the control group in the analgesic effect[OR=3.68,95%CI(2.62,5.18),P<0.05],but it is not yet possible to apply auricular acupoint pressing to relieve pain after Stapler hemorrhoidectomy(P>0.05).The pain scores of 24 hours and 48 hours after operation in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,indicating that auricular acupoint sticking can relieve the pain after operation.The improvement of the postoperative anal margin edema was better in the experimental group than in the control group,24 h[SMD=-1.99,95%CI(-2.84,-1.14),P<0.05],48 h[SMD=-1.92,95%CI(-2.72,-1.11),P<0.05].The adverse reactions were lower than the control group.Conclusion:The application of ear acupoint pressure pea after external exfoliation of mixed hemorrhoids can improve the analgesic effect and reduce the symptoms of postoperative anal edge edema,and the price is low,the operation is convenient,and the side effects are few.It is recommended to be popularized in clinical practice.

Numerical investigation of variable viscosities and thermal stratification effects on MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer past a porous wedge in the presence of a chemical reaction

An analysis is presented to investigate the effects of variable viscosities and thermal stratification on the MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid past a porous wedge in the presence of a chemical reaction. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform nonDarcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically with finite difference methods. Numerical calculations up to the thirdorder level of truncation are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters. The results are presented graphically, and show that the flow field and other quantities of physical interest are significantly influenced by these parameters. The results are compared with those available in literature, and show excellent agreement.

Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM：To clarify this controversy and to provide evidence for application of lipid lowering agents in treatment of diabetic retinopathy（DR）.METHODS：We searched the databases of Pub Med,Embase and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）and abstracts from main annual meetings up to January 1,2017.Google scholar and Clinical Trials.gov were also searched for unpublished relevant studies.We included randomized controlled trials（RCTs）that studied lipid-lowering agents in type 1 or type 2 diabetes in this Meta-analysis.The primary endpoint was the progression of DR,and the secondary endpoints included vision loss,development of diabetic macular edema（DME）and aggravation of hard exudates.The pooled odds ratios（OR）with corresponding 95%confidence intervals（95%CIs）were calculated.RESULTS：After systemic and manual literature search by two independent investigators,we included 8 RCTs from 7 published articles with 13 454 participants in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that lipid-lowering drugs were associated with reduced risk in DR progression[OR=0.77（95%CI：0.62,0.96）,P=0.02].Lipid-lowering agents might have protective effect on DME compared to placebo,although the difference was not statistically significant[OR=0.60（95%CI：0.34,1.08）,P=0.09].However,no significant differences in the worsening of vision acuity[OR=0.96（95%CI：0.81,1.14）,P=0.64]and hard exudates[OR=0.50（95%CI：0.15,1.74）,P=0.28]were found between the lipidlowering drugs and the placebo groups.CONCLUSION：In DR patients,lipid-lowering agents show a protective effect on DR progression and might be associated with reduced risk in the development of DME.However,lipid-lowering agents have no effects on vision loss and hard exudates aggravation.Further clinical trials in larger scale are required to confirm the conclusion of this study and thus justify the use of intensive control lipids with anti-lipid agents at the early stages of DR.

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on the Mixed Litter Decomposition in Stipa baicalensis Steppe in Inner Mongolia

During the past two centuries, global changes (i.e., enhanced nitrogen deposition) have exerted profound effects on ecological processes of steppe ecosystems. We used litterbag method and mixed litters of three different plant species tissues (Stipa baicalensis: Sb, Leymus chinensis: Lc and Artemisia frigid: Af), endemic to Stipa baicalensis Steppe, and measured the mass loss of mixtures over 417 days under the N addition treatment. We studied the effect of N addition (N0: no N addition;N15: 1.5 g N/m2·a;N30: 3.0 g N/m2·a;N50: 5.0 g N/m2·a;N100: 10.0 g N/m2·a;N150: 15.0 g N/m2·a) on the rate of mixed litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics change. The decomposition constant (k) of leaf mixtures was higher than that of root mixtures. The k values of leaf mixed combinations were 0.880 (Sb + Lc), 1.231 (Lc + Af), 1.027 (Sb + Lc + Af), respectively. The k value of stem was 0.806 (Lc + Af) and the root mixed combinations were 0.665 (Sb + Lc), 0.979 (Lc + Af) and 1.164 (Sb + Lc + Af), respectively. The results indicated that N addition had significantly effect on the mixed litter decomposition and nutrient releasing. The rate of plant tissues litter decomposition had different response to N addition. In the context of N addition, litter decomposition rate and nutrient dynamics were changed by synthetic effect of decaying time, specie types and N addition dose. Our findings suggested that prairie plants may adapt to environmental change by adjusting litter quality, thus retaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem.

Experiment on the Fattening Effects of Mixed Silage of Wolfberry Branches on Hybrid

[Objectives] This study was conducted to use the feeding value of wolfberry branches and to provide a basis for the rational use of its active ingredients and nutrients and the development of new feed resources. [Methods] Wolfberry branches and whole-plant corn were used to make mixed silage of wolfberry branches, which replaced different proportions of whole-plant corn silage for feeding hybrid mutton sheep, and the feeding effect of the mixed silage of wolfberry branches on hybrid mutton sheep was analyzed, which provides a technical basis for rational utilization of mulberry resources to ruminants. A single factor feeding comparison experiment was carried out. 32 hybrid mutton sheep of 8 months old with conform gender, age, body weight, physiological state and feeding management level were selected and divided into two groups, 16 in each group. [Results] The gross output value of weight gain of the experimental group was 18.06 yuan, which was higher than the CK(12.97 yuan) by 5.09 yuan. [Conclusions] The addition of the mixed silage of wolfberry branches to the diet had a positive effect on the increase of the weight gain of the hybrid mutton sheep and the reduction of the feed conversion ratio compared with the single whole-plant corn silage.

Experiment on the Fattening Effects of Mixed Silage of Mulberry Branches and Leaves on Hybrid Mutton Sheep

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixed silage of mulberry branches and leaves on the production performance of Tan Han hybrid mutton sheep and explore the feasibility in production. [Methods] Twenty-six Tan Han hybrid mutton sheep were selected and divided into two groups, 13 in each group. The experimental group was fed with the mixed silage and the control group(CK) was fed with whole-plant corn silage. [Results] The average daily weight gain per sheep of the experimental group was 9.2% higher than that of the CK(P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased by 6.98%(P<0.05). The average daily weight gain per sheep in the 30 d improved the gross profit by 7.75 yuan, which meant an increase of 16.32%. [Conclusions] The mulberry mixed silage is feasible in the production, and it could significantly improve the production performance of the hybrid mutton sheep.

Modelling tree mortality across diameter classes using mixedeffects zero-inflated models

The mortality of trees across diameter class model is a useful tool for predicting changes in stand structure.Mortality data commonly contain a large fraction of zeros and general discrete models thus show more errors.Based on the traditional Poisson model and the negative binomial model,different forms of zero-inflated and hurdle models were applied to spruce-fir mixed forests data to simulate the number of dead trees.By comparing the residuals and Vuong test statistics,the zero-inflated negative binomial model performed best.A random effect was added to improve the model accuracy;however,the mixed-effects zero-inflated model did not show increased advantages.According to the model principle,the zeroinflated negative binomial model was the most suitable,indicating that the"0"events in this study,mainly from the sample"0",i.e.,the zero mortality data,are largely due to the limitations of the experimental design and sample selection.These results also show that the number of dead trees in the diameter class is positively correlated with the number of trees in that class and the mean stand diameter,and inversely related to class size,and slope and aspect of the site.

Nonlinear mixed-effects height to crown base and crown length dynamic models using the branch mortality technique for a Korean larch( Larix olgensis ) plantations in northeast China

Korean larch(Larix olgensis)is one of the main tree species for aff orestation and timber production in northeast China.However,its timber quality and growth ability are largely infl uenced by crown size,structure and shape.The majority of crown models are static models based on tree size and stand characteristics from temporary sample plots,but crown dynamic models has seldom been constructed.Therefore,this study aimed to develop height to crown base(HCB)and crown length(CL)dynamic models using the branch mortality technique for a Korean larch plantation.The nonlinear mixed-eff ects model with random eff ects,variance functions and correlation structures,was used to build HCB and CL dynamic models.The data were obtained from 95 sample trees of 19 plots in Meng JiaGang forest farm in Northeast China.The results showed that HCB progressively increases as tree age,tree height growth(HT growth)and diameter at breast height growth(DBH growth).The CL was increased with tree age in 20 years ago,and subsequently stabilized.HT growth,DBH growth stand basal area(BAS)and crown competition factor(CCF)signifi cantly infl uenced HCB and CL.The HCB was positively correlated with BAS,HT growth and DBH growth,but negatively correlated with CCF.The CL was positively correlated with BAS and CCF,but negatively correlated with DBH growth.Model fi tting and validation confi rmed that the mixed-eff ects model considering the stand and tree level random eff ects was accurate and reliable for predicting the HCB and CL dynamics.However,the models involving adding variance functions and time series correlation structure could not completely remove heterogeneity and autocorrelation,and the fi tting precision of the models was reduced.Therefore,from the point of view of application,we should take care to avoid setting up over-complex models.The HCB and CL dynamic models in our study may also be incorporated into stand growth and yield model systems in China.

Incorporating topographic factors in nonlinear mixed-effects models for aboveground biomass of natural Simao pine in Yunnan,China

A total of 128 Simao pine trees （Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis） from three regions of Pu＇er City, Yunnan Province, People＇s Republic of China, were destructively sampled to obtain tree aboveground biomass （AGB）. Tree variables such as diameter at breast height and total height, and topographical factors such as altitude, aspect of slope, and degree of slope were recorded. We considered the region and site quality classes as the ran- dom-effects, and the topographic variables as the fixed- effects. We fitted a total of eight models as follows： least- squares nonlinear models （BM）, least-squares nonlinear models with the topographic factors （BMT）, nonlinear mixed-effects models with region as single random-effects （NLME-RE）, nonlinear mixed-effects models with site as single random-effects （NLME-SE）, nonlinear mixed-ef- fects models with the two-level nested region and site random-effects （TLNLME）, NLME-RE with the fixed-ef- fects of topographic factors （NLMET-RE）, NLME-SE with the fixed-effects of topographic factors （NLMET-SE）, and TLNLME with the fixed-effects of topographic factors （TLNLMET）. The eight models were compared by modelfitting and prediction statistics. The results showed： model fitting was improved by considering random-effects of region or site, or both. The models with the fixed-effects of topographic factors had better model fitting. According to AIC and BIC, the model fitting was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLME-RE.〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 NLME-SE 〉 BMT 〉 BM. The differences among these models for model prediction were small. The model pre- diction was ranked as TLNLME 〉 NLME-RE 〉 NLME- SE 〉 NLMET-RE 〉 NLMET-SE 〉 TLNLMET 〉 BMT 〉 BM. However, all eight models had relatively high prediction precision （〉90 %）. Thus, the best model should be chosen based on the available data when using the model to predict individual tree AGB.

DOUBLE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION KINETICS OF A MICELLE MIXED EXTRACTANT SYSTEM I DOUBLE(KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC)SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION MECHANISMS

The equilibria and kinetic characteristics of a micelle mixed extractant system-D2 EHPA-MPA（MPA-monoalkyl phosphoric acid with long carbon chain and micellization）in extractionof the Al3+ions were studied.It was found that the system has double synergistic effects on theextraction of the Al3+ions.The compositions of the synergistic complexes were determined andthe synergistic reaction equations were obtained.

Effects of a Premixed Layer on the Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The effects of a premixed layer on the Richmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI)are studied by setting a density gradient for the first shocked fluid in the RMI problems.The RMI with initial density gradients are simulated by using a high resolution arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method.The effects of density gradient and gradient width are analyzed on the basis of the simulation results for the shock from a light fluid to a heavy fluid and for the shock from a heavy fluid to a light fluid.Overall,the premixed layer can suppress the perturbation growth,and the detailed effects are different depending on the detailed premixed configuration.The width of the premixed layer has a very light influence on the perturbation,while the density gradient has quite a significant effect on two kinds of RMIs.

Retrospective analysis of chronic hepatitis C in untreated patients with nonlinear mixed effects model

It is well known that viral load of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is related to the efficacy of interferon therapy. The complex biological parameters that impact on viral load are essentially unknown. The current knowledge of the hepatitis C virus does not provide a mathematical model for viral load dynamics within untreated patients. We car-ried out an empirical modelling to investigate whether different fluctuation patterns exist and how these patterns (if exist) are related to host-specific factors. Data was prospectively col-lected from 147 untreated patients chronically infected with hepatitis C, each contributing be-tween 2 to 10 years of measurements. We pro-pose to use a three parameter logistic model to describe the overall pattern of viral load fluctua-tion based on an exploratory analysis of the data. To incorporate the correlation feature of longitu-dinal data and patient to patient variation, we introduced random effects components into the model. On the basis of this nonlinear mixed ef-fects modelling, we investigated effects of host-specific factors on viral load fluctuation by in-corporating covariates into the model. The pro-posed model provided a good fit for describing fluctuations of viral load measured with varying frequency over different time intervals. The aver-age viral load growth time was significantly dif-ferent between infection sources. There was a large patient to patient variation in viral load as-ymptote.

MHD Mixed Convection Flow of a Casson Fluid over an Exponentially Stretching Surface with the Effects of Soret, Dufour, Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction

The present study deals with MHD (magneto hydrodynamics) mixed convection flow of a Casson fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet with the effects of Soret and Dufour, thermal radiation, chemical reaction. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. These equations are then solved numerically by applying finite difference scheme known as the Keller Box method. The effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented graphically to interpret and the results are discussed.

<i>Lactobacillus</i>GG Supplementation on Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Therapy-Related Side Effects and Eradication Rates: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Concerns still exist with respect to unsatisfactory eradication rates and/or therapy-associated side effects for the use of standard triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, which prompts considerable interest in new therapy. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether Lactobacillus GG as supplementation to standard triple therapy could improve H. pylori eradication rates and/or reduce therapy-associated side effects. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were systematically searched from their inception to August 4, 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The language was restricted to English only. Results: Four RCTs involving a total of 305 participants (including 83 children) were included. Lactobacillus GG given along with triple therapy significantly reduced the risk of overall H. pylori therapy-related adverse effects (three RCTs, n = 221, RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.45 - 0.78), particularly of diarrhea (four RCTs, n = 285, RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11 - 0.47), bloating (four RCTs, n = 289, RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 - 0.90), and taste disturbance (four RCTs, n = 288, RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23 - 0.62). There were no significant differences between groups in the risk of other adverse effects. No beneficial effects of Lactobacillus GG were observed for H. pylori eradication rates (four RCTs, n = 284, RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88 - 1.13). Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that Lactobacillus GG administered along with standard triple therapy is a feasible way to reduce therapy-related side effects, particularly diarrhea, bloating, and taste disturbance. However, Lactobacillus GG shows no effects on eradication rates.

Mixed-Effects Parametric Proportional Hazard Model with Generalized Log-Logistic Baseline Distribution

Clustered survival data are widely observed in a variety of setting. Most survival models incorporate clustering and grouping of data accounting for between-cluster variability that creates correlation in order to prevent underestimate of the standard errors of the parameter estimators but do not include random effects. In this study, we developed a mixed-effect parametric proportional hazard (MEPPH) model with a generalized log-logistic distribution baseline. The parameters of the model were estimated by the application of the maximum likelihood estimation technique with an iterative optimization procedure (quasi-Newton Raphson). The developed MEPPH model’s performance was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The Leukemia dataset with right-censored data was used to demonstrate the model’s applicability. The results revealed that all covariates, except age in PH models, were significant in all considered distributions. Age and Townsend score were significant when the GLL distribution was used in MEPPH, while sex, age and Townsend score were significant in MEPPH model when other distributions were used. Based on information criteria values, the Generalized Log-Logistic Mixed-Effects Parametric Proportional Hazard model (GLL-MEPPH) outperformed other models.

Effect of Mixed Silage of Alhagi sparsifolia and Medicago sativa at Initial Flowering Stage on Degradation

[Objective] The influence of mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage on degradation was studied to provide theoretical basis for production practice.[Method] Using A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage as materials,the changes of in vitro degradation rate,gas production,pH value,ammoniacal nitrogen（NH3-N）and volatile fatty acid（VFA）content in degradation solution were analyzed by means of artificial rumen technique,and the effect of mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage on degradation was studied in order to find out suitable mixed silage ratio of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa.[Result] Compared with single M.sativa,NH3-N content in degradation solution was very significantly decreased in the mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa,and there was a reduction in gas production,while the content of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid increased significantly;for the treatment of 70% A.sparsifolia and 30% M.sativa,NH3-N content（22.93 mmol/L）and gas production（40.50 ml）was lowest,while degradation rate（32.27%）,acetic acid（5.48 mmol/L）,propionic acid（2.08 mmol/L）,butyric acid（2.52 mmol/L）and their total content（10.08 mmol/L）were highest,so its degradation effect was the best.[Conclusion] The mixed silage of A.sparsifolia and M.sativa at initial flowering stage could improve the utilization efficiency of protein and carbohydrate in M.sativa and the treatment of 70% A.sparsifolia and 30% M.sativa had the best degradation effect.

Synergistic anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system with high emulsification efficiency for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs

Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms of surfactant flooding. To improve oil recovery for low permeability reservoirs, a highly efficient emulsification oil flooding system consisting of anionic surfactant sodium alkyl glucosyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate(APGSHS) and zwitterionic surfactant octadecyl betaine(BS-18) is proposed. The performance of APGSHS/BS-18 mixed surfactant system was evaluated in terms of interfacial tension, emulsification capability, emulsion size and distribution, wettability alteration, temperature-resistance and salt-resistance. The emulsification speed was used to evaluate the emulsification ability of surfactant systems, and the results show that mixed surfactant systems can completely emulsify the crude oil into emulsions droplets even under low energy conditions. Meanwhile,the system exhibits good temperature and salt resistance. Finally, the best oil recovery of 25.45% is achieved for low permeability core by the mixed surfactant system with a total concentration of 0.3 wt%while the molar ratio of APGSHS:BS-18 is 4:6. The current study indicates that the anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system can improve the oil flooding efficiency and is potential candidate for application in low permeability reservoirs.

Influence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on response to antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Although hepatitis B virus infection is the leading cause of chronic liver injury globally,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is gradually gaining attention as another major chronic liver disease.The number of patients having chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with concomitant hepatic steatosis has increased.AIM To analyze the effect of NAFLD on the response to antiviral treatment in patients with CHB.METHODS Relevant English studies were systematically searched across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library until October 2023.Studies in which the treatment outcomes were compared between patients with CHB only and those with CHB and hepatic steatosis were included.RESULTS Of the 2502 retrieved studies,11 articles were finally included.Biochemical response until 48 wk(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.50–1.53,P=0.000)and 96 wk(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.24–0.53,P=0.24)and virological response until 96 wk(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.43–1.49,P=0.097)were lower in patients with hepatic steatosis than in patients with CHB alone.CONCLUSION Hepatic steatosis lowers the biochemical response to antiviral treatment in patients with CHB.