Effects of Meridional Flow Passage Shape on Hydraulic Performance of Mixed-flow Pump Impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.

Experimental Study of the Influence of Flow Passage Subtle Variation on Mixed-flow Pump Performance

In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.

Influence of specific speed on hydraulic performances and pressure fluctuations in mixed-flow pumps

A series of steady and unsteady numerical calculations of the internal flow in mixed-flow pumps with three different specific speeds were carried out based on the N-S equation coupled with the standard k-εturbulence model under different operating conditions to investigate the relationship between the impeller specific speed and the pump performance as well as pressure pulsations.Meanwhile,the pump performance and pressure pulsations inside the mixed-flow pump with three different specific speeds were also analyzed and compared with the corresponding test data.From the results,the averaged deviations between the predicted and tested head among different impellers are below 5%,and with respect to the equivalent impeller specific speeds of 280 and 260,the values are 4.30%and 3.69%,respectively.For all the impeller schemes,the best efficiency point of the mixed-flow pump is found at the flow rate of 1.2 Q_(d) and the higher head deviation occurs at lower flow rates.Especially,it can be found that the specific speed has a slight effect on the pressure fluctuation in the impellers.Eventually,it is determined that the pump performance curves calculated by numerical simu-lations have good agreement with the relevant experimental results,which verifies that the numerical methods used in the present study are accurate to a certain extent.Furthermore,the results also provide some references to the pressure pulsation analysis and the performance improvement of the mixed-flow pump design.

Numerical investigation of effect of a centrifugal boost impeller on suction performance of an aircraft hydraulic pump

An integrated boost impeller can effectively improve the suction performance of an aircraft hydraulic pump(AHP).It must be designed very carefully;however,few studies thus far have investigated boost impellers.To explore the effect of the boost impeller,this study developed a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model for an AHP based on the k-εturbulence model and full cavitation model.The results of verification tests demonstrated that the model is reliable for simulating the delivery characteristics of piston pumps and the boost capacity of the inlet impeller.Steady-state simulations reveal that the boost impeller can remarkably improve the suction performance and mitigate the cavitation damage due to insufficient fluid filling while only consuming a small proportion of the total input power.Transient-state simulations show that the pump with an impeller is more capable of catching up with a sudden increase in flow demand,and it has a lower suction flow ripple and impact.However,such a boost impeller also has some limitations such as magnifying the suction pressure fluctuation and having little effect on mitigating the cavitation caused by the back-flow jet.

The effect of impeller slot jet on centrifugal pump performance

To improve the cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump, a new kind of centrifugal pump impeller with slot is proposed. The slot is on the impeller shroud near the suction side of the blade leading edge. So, the fluid with high energy in the impeller front side chamber is drained to the lowest pressure area. The jet flow would compensate the blade inlet flow with a certain energy. With numerical simulations, the pump's inner flows for 5 different slot sizes and their hydraulic performances are compared with those of the prototype pump. The slot jet would result in the increase of the impeller flow rate and the volute area ratio, leading to the head decrease within the whole flow rate range. The slot jet can suppress the reverse flow remarkably at a low flow rate, and the pump efficiency is improved. The slot jet improves the pump cavitation performance effectively, especially at a low flow rate. To some extent, the smaller the slot size is, the better the pump cavitation performance is. The cavitation performance of the slot impeller with a size of 2 mmx 1.75 mm is much better than that of the prototype impeller. Compared with the prototype impeller, the lowest pressure near the slot impeller blade inlet and even the pressure in all forepart regions are improved significantly. The slot impeller is shown to be effective in suppressing the cavitation, and the available net positive suction head is improved.

CFD simulation of single-phase flow in flotation cells:Effect of impeller blade shape,clearance,and Reynolds number

A series of numerical simulations of turbulent single-phase flows are performed to understand the flow and mixing characteristics in a laboratory scale flotation tank.Four impeller blade shapes covering a wide range of surface areas and lip lengths are considered to highlight and contrast the flow behavior predicted in the impeller stream.The mean flow close to the impeller is fully characterized by considering velocity components along the axial direction at different radial locations.Normalized results suggest the development of a comparatively stronger axial velocity component for a blade design with the smallest lip length,called big-tip impeller here.Normalized turbulent kinetic energy profiles close to the impeller reveal the existence of an asymmetric trailing vortex pair.The highest turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rates are observed close to the impeller blades and stator walls where the radial jet strikes the stator walls periodically.Furthermore,liquid phase mixing in the flotation cell is studied using transient scalar tracing simulations providing mixing time data.Finally,pumping capacity and efficiency of different impeller designs are calculated based on which the impeller blade design with a rectangular blade design is found to perform most efficiently.

叶轮中心淹没深度对特低扬程下立式泵装置流道水力性能的影响

为提高特低扬程泵站立式轴流泵装置的水力性能,该研究对叶轮直径为3.0、2.5、2.0、1.5 m的立式轴流泵装置在不同叶轮中心淹没深度下的进、出水流道流场分别进行了三维湍流流动数值计算,并对流道流场和水头损失进行了分析比较;对某特低扬程泵站在叶轮中心淹没深度为3.08、2.38、1.68 m下的立式轴流泵装置水力性能分别进行了数值计算及比较,并进行了泵装置模型试验验证。研究结果表明:叶轮中心淹没深度对肘形进水流道的水流流态及水头损失的影响很小,但对虹吸式出水流道的流态和水头损失影响较大;随着叶轮中心淹没深度的增大,虹吸式出水流道内的流态逐渐改善,流道水头损失基本呈下降趋势,泵装置效率逐渐增大,特低扬程工况下泵装置模型试验最优工况点的效率达75.92%,泵装置能量性能数值模拟结果与模型试验结果基本一致。研究结果可为特低扬程泵站采用立式泵装置的设计提供一定参考依据。

沙集泵站改造叶轮选型及流道改形研究

针对沙集泵站空化汽蚀较为严重,在工程加固改造时主体结构不变,无法通过降低站房底板增加叶轮淹没深度,从而提高空化性能的实际问题,采用计算流体动力学CFD方法,考虑泵站进口不同水位,对水泵装置全流道内部流动进行数值分析,研究水泵空化和能量特性。小幅降低叶轮中心高程,不仅未能减小空化范围,反而降低了泵装置效率,不宜采用。通过优选水泵水力模型、降速、增径并适当修整流道等方法,在保证泵装置能量性能的前提下,提高水泵空化性能。结果表明,采用方案一:叶轮直径增至1.68 m,转速降至250 r/min,基本消除了叶片进水边附近的附着空化,同时能够满足泵站特征水位组合下的流量和效率。成果也可用于类似泵站的设计和机组的选型。

High-efficiency design of a mixed-flow pump

High-efficiency design of a mixed-flow pump has been carried out based on numerical analysis of a three-dimensional viscous flow.For analysis,the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a shear stress transport turbulence model were discretized by finite-volume approximations.Structured grid system was constructed in the computational domain,which has O-type grids near the blade surfaces and H/J-type grids in other regions.The numerical results were validated with experimental data for the heads and hydraulic efficiencies at different flow coefficients.The hydraulic efficiency at the design flow coefficient was evaluated with variation of the geometric variables,i.e.,the area of the discharge and length of the vane in the diffuser.The result has shown that the hydraulic efficiency of a mixed-flow pump at the design condition is improved by the modification of the geometry.

混装不同叶轮的多级离心泵驼峰性能研究

针对多级离心泵小流量区域的扬程易产生驼峰、运行不稳定的问题,提出了一种不同水力的叶轮进行混装的改进方案,并通过对比试验对改善扬程驼峰的有效性进行了验证,结果表明:通过叶片数为5、出口宽度为23.7 mm的A叶轮与叶片数为3、出口宽度为33.6 mm的B叶轮进行混装,较好地改善了多级离心泵小流量区域的扬程驼峰;效率为76%的A叶轮与效率为75%的B叶轮混装后泵效率为75.7%,不会因改善驼峰而牺牲泵的效率;相较传统的通过改变单个叶轮水力模型的叶片数、叶片出口角、叶轮出口宽度等参数来改善扬程驼峰的方法,更加方便灵活,且不会因改善驼峰而牺牲泵的效率。研究结论可为改善多级离心泵扬程驼峰的设计方法提供参考。

混流泵压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响

为了研究不同工况下混流泵内部压力脉动特性及其对流动诱导噪声的影响,基于RANS方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,对混流泵进行非定常数值计算,在此基础上取叶片表面非定常压力脉动作为声源,采用间接边界元法对由叶片旋转偶极子源所引起的外场噪声进行数值计算。结果表明:混流泵叶轮进出口处的压力脉动幅值均是沿着轮缘到轮毂逐渐减小,叶轮进口处压力系数的最大值是出口处的2倍;沿着蜗壳周向,隔舌部位处压力脉动最为剧烈,随着监测点的位置远离隔舌,其压力脉动情况逐步改善;不同工况下,混流泵内各处的压力脉动主频均保持叶片通过频率不变;混流泵叶轮和蜗壳之间的动静干涉作用是引发流动诱导噪声的主要原因;流动诱导噪声的主频是由压力脉动主频以及泵体结构的固有频率综合决定的;不同工况下,混流泵内部压力脉动程度越强,该工况对应的流动诱导噪声辐射水平越强。该文对混流泵机组的稳定运行以及流动诱导噪声的控制提供了参考。

速度矩分布规律的参数化描述及对混流泵性能的影响

为提升设计水平、改进混流泵叶片速度矩分布规律的给定,该文通过理论分析,对速度矩分布规律进行参数化表述,选取无量纲速度矩沿流线分布曲线的相对系数a0与速度矩分布曲线在叶片出口处的导数值P作为速度矩分布参数。基于混流泵叶轮正反问题迭代法设计平台,给定不同速度矩分布参数组合设计了一系列混流泵叶轮。基于SIMPLEC算法,通过求解N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型方程,对混流泵叶轮内部三维湍流流场进行了模拟,获得了相对速度与压力分布,并预估了水力效率。研究表明,速度矩分布参数直接影响着叶片包角与出口边位置,进而影响到叶轮内部相对速度与压力的分布以及流动的稳定性。合理选择速度矩分布参数,有利于增强叶片对于流体运动的控制能力,改善叶轮内部压力分布,使叶轮具有更为优越的水力特性。该文提出的速度矩分布规律参数化方法,为混流泵叶轮设计过程中速度矩分布规律的给定提供了有益的借鉴。

混流泵叶轮流动性能数值模拟和叶型优化设计

在设计工况下,对一个较高比转速的混流泵叶轮内部流动进行三维湍流数值模拟计算.通过分析混流泵叶轮内部的流动特点,发现由于局部结构设计不合理,流道内产生了较大范围漩涡区和壁面脱离现象,增加了流动损失.针对这一问题提出了改进措施,采用一种多参数的优化方法对叶轮叶型进行设计,并分析了叶片型线对叶轮内部流场的作用规律.结果表明,控制叶型弯曲度可以有效控制叶片进口处的马蹄涡,消除近壁面流动分离和漩涡,减小流动中的通道涡强度和影响范围,改进后叶轮流道内存在的涡团和流动脱离现象基本消失,叶轮水力效率相对提高4.74%,单位功耗的扬程增加11.5%.叶轮性能参数的计算数据与试验数据吻合较好,验证了所采用的计算方法及模型的准确性和可靠性.

叶片厚度对混流式核主泵叶轮能量性能影响研究

基于三维不可压缩流体N-S方程和RNGκ-ε湍流模型,对混流式核主泵叶轮水力模型的能量性能进行了数值预测,研究了不同叶片厚度及其分布规律对混流叶轮模型水力性能的影响。通过分析叶轮叶片压力面、吸力面的静压分布,获得叶片表面的载荷分布及其变化规律。结果表明:随着叶轮叶片厚度减薄,最高效率值有所增大且高效点向大流量工况偏移;当叶片最厚处位置在靠近进口边约1/3处时,叶轮水力效率值最大;随着叶片最厚位置由进口向出口移动时,最高效率点向大流量工况偏移。

叶轮进口边位置对深井离心泵水力性能的影响

针对一典型的150QJ20型深井离心泵,设计了3种进口边位置的叶轮,基于Fluent软件,采用标准k-ε模型、SIMPLEC算法对其进行了全流场数值计算,对不同进口边位置的叶轮出口断面的压力场、湍流场和速度场进行了比较,并结合试验分析了进口边位置对深井离心泵水力性能的影响。结果表明,适当延伸叶轮进口边,增加后流线的长度,可以减小叶轮出口的湍流强度,改善流场分布;可以相对减小叶轮进口直径和叶轮进口的冲击损失,提高深井离心泵的水力性能。

混流式喷水推进泵水力设计和性能预报

基于Matlab-Simulink平台开发了一套混流式喷水推进泵参数化水力设计程序,能快速优质完成混流式喷水推进泵设计时轴面投影图绘制、过流面积检查、流网绘制和逐点积分法叶片绘型等环节.采用CFD技术,通过几何建模、网格划分、边界初始和数值计算等步骤实现了对所设计混流式喷水推进泵的扬程、功率、效率和抗汽蚀性能的快速预报,并根据泵内具体流动细节为进一步改善结构、优化性能提供依据.通过实例阐述了混流式喷水推进泵CAD设计和CFD水力性能预报的各个环节,结果表明:基于此程序设计的混流式喷水推进泵达到了设计要求.

轴流泵内部流场压力脉动性能预测与试验

基于雷诺时均控制方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLEC算法,对轴流泵全流场进行三维非定常数值模拟,得到轴流泵在不同工况和不同导叶数内部流场的压力脉动特性。数值分析与试验结果表明:轴流泵内最大压力脉动发生在叶轮进口处;在偏离设计工况点较大的流量时,压力脉动幅值明显增大;导叶数减少会增大导叶出口处的压力脉动;脉动频率受叶轮转动频率控制,导叶数对压力脉动频率基本无影响。

离心泵气液固多相流动数值模拟与试验

为研究离心泵输送含有气固液多相时内部的流动情况,采用Pro/E三维造型软件进行几何造型,基于ANSYSCFX软件应用雷诺时均方程、双方程湍流模型,并结合SIMPLEC算法对其内部三维气固液多相流各相流动规律进行数值计算,将计算结果与试验结果进行对比结果表明:受气相所产生旋涡的影响,固相体积分数在径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4时达到最大值后直线急剧下降,下降至一定值后开始波动变化,而气相体积分数在径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4时较小,从径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4以后急剧增大。气、固两相互相影响对方颗粒的分布。气相主要集中在叶片工作面的中间位置,气相的存在使叶轮流道内产生旋涡,影响叶轮流道内的能量交换与传递;固相在没有旋涡的流道内是紧靠叶片表面运动的,在有旋涡流道内主要是随着旋涡旋转方向进行流动,固相所占比值的增加对流动轨迹的影响并不明显。对气液固多相流的深入研究和应用提供了有价值的参考。

轴流泵叶轮出口轴面速度和环量的试验研究

为了研究系列高效轴流泵叶轮出口轴面速度和环量分布规律,设计了叶轮出口流场测量装置。基于流体绕流圆球理论,采用微型五孔探针对高效轴流泵叶轮出口轴面速度和环量进行了试验测量。试验结果表明,在最优工况下,系列高效轴流泵模型叶轮出口轴面速度呈二次抛物线流型,其最大值出现在叶片中部,且轮缘侧较小的轴面速度提高了汽蚀性能;系列高效轴流泵叶轮出口呈非线性环量分布规律,在轮毂侧环量稍小,在叶片中部较为平直,在轮毂侧环量降低至中部的0.8倍左右,而轮缘侧增大至1.2倍左右;同时叶轮出口轴面速度分布呈现抛物线流型,叶片中部速度最大。测量的轴面速度和环量分布数据拟合成多项式数学模型,可为轴流泵叶轮水力设计提供参考。

进口管壁面轴向开槽消除轴流泵特性曲线驼峰

当轴流泵在小流量工况下运行时,由于叶轮进口的冲角增大,导致在叶轮内产生脱流等不稳定流动结构,降低泵的水力性能。该文采用计算流体动力学分析方法对轴流泵内部流场进行了研究,结果表明:该轴流泵的特性曲线存在明显的驼峰区域,在0.3到0.61倍最优流量工况区间,轴流泵的扬程和效率明显下降。在临界失速工况下(0.61倍最优流量工况),叶片吸力面前缘靠近轮缘处及叶片尾缘靠近轮毂处均出现了脱流;在深度失速工况下(0.45倍最优流量工况),脱流进一步发展,并与来流共同作用形成稳定的涡旋结构,阻塞整个流道。为了提高轴流泵在小流量工况下的水力性能,引入一种轴流泵进口管开槽技术,分析其对轴流泵内部流场的影响及驼峰的改善作用。结果表明:在小流量工况下,轴向开槽可以减小叶轮进口环量和冲角,可以减小叶片背部的脱流,轴流泵的驼峰得到明显的改善。开槽深度是改善轴流泵小流量工况下驼峰的重要因素之一,当槽深与叶轮直径比为0.02时,叶轮内的通道涡几乎完全消除,轴流泵深度失速工况点的扬程、效率分别提高了66%和32%,极大地改善了轴流泵的水力性能。沟槽数目越多,槽长越长,消除驼峰的能力越好,60个沟槽与2/3倍叶轮直径的槽长在其他参数相同的条件下消除驼峰的能力更强。该文可为避免轴流泵内部的失速流动以及消除水力性能曲线上的驼峰相关研究提供参考。