This mixed methods study investigates learning outcomes resulting from college attendance in the Chinese mainland.Data for this study is derived from undergraduate survey responses at 21 universities and interviews wi...This mixed methods study investigates learning outcomes resulting from college attendance in the Chinese mainland.Data for this study is derived from undergraduate survey responses at 21 universities and interviews with 64 seniors at five universities.Factor analysis reduced learning outcome items to two factors,and 19 categories of learning outcomes were distilled from interview data.These categories were then reduced to four domains:knowledge,skills,intrapersonal awareness,and interpersonal competence.Compared with literature generated in the West,intercultural competency as well as quantitative and computer literacy are missing in the Chinese higher education context.Student learning is an integrated whole and takes place in diverse settings in and outside the classroom.展开更多
Background：Musculoskeletal disorders（MSD） comprise a wide range of conditions,associated with an enormous pain and impaired mobility,and are affecting people＇s lives and work.Management of musculoskeletal disorder...Background：Musculoskeletal disorders（MSD） comprise a wide range of conditions,associated with an enormous pain and impaired mobility,and are affecting people＇s lives and work.Management of musculoskeletal disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary team approach.Positive findings have been found in previous studies evaluating the effectiveness of complementary therapies,though little attention has been paid to evaluating of the effectiveness of integrated packages of care combining conventional and complementary approaches for musculoskeletal conditions in a National Health Service（NHS） setting.Objective：To determine the feasibility of all aspects of a pragmatic observational study designed：（1） to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of integrated treatments for MSDs in an integrated NHS hospital in the UK;（2） to determine the acceptability of the study design and research process to patients;（3） to explore patients＇ expectation and experience of receiving integrated treatments.Methods：This is an observational feasibility study,with 1-year recruitment and 1-year follow-up,conducted in Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine,University College London Hospital Trust,UK.All eligible patients with MSDs newly referred to the hospital were included in the study.Interventions are integrated packages of care（conventional and complementary） as currently provided in the hospital.SF-36 Health Survey,short form Brief Pain Inventory,Visual Analogue Scale,and modified Client Service Receipt Inventory will be assessed at 4/5 time points.Semi-structured interview/focus group will be carried out before treatment,and 1 year after commence of treatment.Discussion：We intend to conduct a pragmatic observational study of integrated medical treatment of MSDs at a public sector hospital.It will inform the design of a future trial including recruitment,retention,suitability of the outcome measures and patients experiences.展开更多
基金This study was supported in part by a Humanities and Social Sciences Grant(13YJC880002)from the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘This mixed methods study investigates learning outcomes resulting from college attendance in the Chinese mainland.Data for this study is derived from undergraduate survey responses at 21 universities and interviews with 64 seniors at five universities.Factor analysis reduced learning outcome items to two factors,and 19 categories of learning outcomes were distilled from interview data.These categories were then reduced to four domains:knowledge,skills,intrapersonal awareness,and interpersonal competence.Compared with literature generated in the West,intercultural competency as well as quantitative and computer literacy are missing in the Chinese higher education context.Student learning is an integrated whole and takes place in diverse settings in and outside the classroom.
文摘Background：Musculoskeletal disorders（MSD） comprise a wide range of conditions,associated with an enormous pain and impaired mobility,and are affecting people＇s lives and work.Management of musculoskeletal disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary team approach.Positive findings have been found in previous studies evaluating the effectiveness of complementary therapies,though little attention has been paid to evaluating of the effectiveness of integrated packages of care combining conventional and complementary approaches for musculoskeletal conditions in a National Health Service（NHS） setting.Objective：To determine the feasibility of all aspects of a pragmatic observational study designed：（1） to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of integrated treatments for MSDs in an integrated NHS hospital in the UK;（2） to determine the acceptability of the study design and research process to patients;（3） to explore patients＇ expectation and experience of receiving integrated treatments.Methods：This is an observational feasibility study,with 1-year recruitment and 1-year follow-up,conducted in Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine,University College London Hospital Trust,UK.All eligible patients with MSDs newly referred to the hospital were included in the study.Interventions are integrated packages of care（conventional and complementary） as currently provided in the hospital.SF-36 Health Survey,short form Brief Pain Inventory,Visual Analogue Scale,and modified Client Service Receipt Inventory will be assessed at 4/5 time points.Semi-structured interview/focus group will be carried out before treatment,and 1 year after commence of treatment.Discussion：We intend to conduct a pragmatic observational study of integrated medical treatment of MSDs at a public sector hospital.It will inform the design of a future trial including recruitment,retention,suitability of the outcome measures and patients experiences.
