A considerable amount of tunnelling has been going on in India for various projects such as hydroelectric power, irrigation, roads and railways. Most of these projects are located in Himalayas, far away from the urban...A considerable amount of tunnelling has been going on in India for various projects such as hydroelectric power, irrigation, roads and railways. Most of these projects are located in Himalayas, far away from the urban areas. Tunnelling through weak and jointed rock masses such as the one in the Himalayas is a challenging task for the planners, designers, engineers and geologists because of high overburden, thickly vegetated surface, weak, poor and fragile rocks and highly varying geology with the presence of numerous small and big shear zones, faults, etc. Due to these reasons, various tunnelling problems have been faced in the past and are still being encountered. Failures and the problems may be regarded as challenges and opportunities for generating new knowledge base and thereby increasing self-reliance in tunnelling. The experiences of Himalayan tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks covering varying and mixed geology, understanding on tunnelling in squeezing ground conditions and applicability of TBM in Himalayas are presented. It has also been highlighted that the probe holes planning, drilling and monitoring shall be followed seriously to reduce the geological surprises.展开更多
KL16 (Kenli 16) oilfield is located in Bohai Sea, close to Laizhou Bay depression, with favorable reservoir forming conditions. The lower member of Shahejie Formation (lower sub member of the third member of Shahejie ...KL16 (Kenli 16) oilfield is located in Bohai Sea, close to Laizhou Bay depression, with favorable reservoir forming conditions. The lower member of Shahejie Formation (lower sub member of the third member of Shahejie formation) has shallow burial, complex structural sedimentary evolution, diverse reservoir lithology types, and unclear reservoir distribution laws, which restrict the exploration and development process. Comprehensive use of core, seismic, logging and analytical laboratory data, through the combination of structural recovery and stratigraphic recovery, the micro paleogeomorphology of the lower member of Shahejie Formation in the sedimentary period is finely restored, and the sedimentary system and sedimentary model in the study area are defined. The study shows that during the sedimentary period of the lower member of Shahejie formation, four geomorphic units were developed in the study area: uplift, slope, platform and depression;Under the control of paleogeomorphology, three different sedimentary environments are developed: Braided River Delta is developed in the west, shore shallow lake mixed beach bar is developed in the middle, and fan delta is developed in the south. Based on the analysis of regional geology and sedimentary characteristics, the principal component coupling technology based on the constraint of sedimentary facies belt is optimized for reservoir distribution prediction, and the application effect is good.展开更多
文摘A considerable amount of tunnelling has been going on in India for various projects such as hydroelectric power, irrigation, roads and railways. Most of these projects are located in Himalayas, far away from the urban areas. Tunnelling through weak and jointed rock masses such as the one in the Himalayas is a challenging task for the planners, designers, engineers and geologists because of high overburden, thickly vegetated surface, weak, poor and fragile rocks and highly varying geology with the presence of numerous small and big shear zones, faults, etc. Due to these reasons, various tunnelling problems have been faced in the past and are still being encountered. Failures and the problems may be regarded as challenges and opportunities for generating new knowledge base and thereby increasing self-reliance in tunnelling. The experiences of Himalayan tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks covering varying and mixed geology, understanding on tunnelling in squeezing ground conditions and applicability of TBM in Himalayas are presented. It has also been highlighted that the probe holes planning, drilling and monitoring shall be followed seriously to reduce the geological surprises.
文摘KL16 (Kenli 16) oilfield is located in Bohai Sea, close to Laizhou Bay depression, with favorable reservoir forming conditions. The lower member of Shahejie Formation (lower sub member of the third member of Shahejie formation) has shallow burial, complex structural sedimentary evolution, diverse reservoir lithology types, and unclear reservoir distribution laws, which restrict the exploration and development process. Comprehensive use of core, seismic, logging and analytical laboratory data, through the combination of structural recovery and stratigraphic recovery, the micro paleogeomorphology of the lower member of Shahejie Formation in the sedimentary period is finely restored, and the sedimentary system and sedimentary model in the study area are defined. The study shows that during the sedimentary period of the lower member of Shahejie formation, four geomorphic units were developed in the study area: uplift, slope, platform and depression;Under the control of paleogeomorphology, three different sedimentary environments are developed: Braided River Delta is developed in the west, shore shallow lake mixed beach bar is developed in the middle, and fan delta is developed in the south. Based on the analysis of regional geology and sedimentary characteristics, the principal component coupling technology based on the constraint of sedimentary facies belt is optimized for reservoir distribution prediction, and the application effect is good.
