A partition solution implemented by a cold air curtain for two asymmetric discrete heat sources in a twodimensional rectangular enclosure was numerically studied. Main attentions were focused on the effects of Reynold...A partition solution implemented by a cold air curtain for two asymmetric discrete heat sources in a twodimensional rectangular enclosure was numerically studied. Main attentions were focused on the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number, separation distance between heat sources, and buoyancy ratio. It is found that the airflow and heat transfer are not only determined by governing parameters, but also affected by boundary conditions. It is also found that nearly symmetry of flow structure corresponds to nearly thermal partition, and the symmetry can be enhanced when Reynolds number, separation distance and buoyancy ratio increase. In addition, it is observed that there is a minimum Reynolds number for obtaining nearly thermal partition, which increases when Grashof number increases.展开更多
In spring preceding the record minimum summer ice cover detailed microstructure measurements were made from drifting pack ice in the Arctic Ocean, 110 km from the North Pole. Profiles of hydrography, shear, and temper...In spring preceding the record minimum summer ice cover detailed microstructure measurements were made from drifting pack ice in the Arctic Ocean, 110 km from the North Pole. Profiles of hydrography, shear, and temperature microstructure collected in the upper water column covering the core of the Atlantic Water are analyzed to determine the diapycnal eddy diffusivity, the eddy diffusivity for heat, and the turbulent flux of heat. Turbulence in the bulk of the cold halocline layer was not strong enough to generate significant buoyancy flux and mixing. Resulting turbulent heat flux across the upper cold halocline was not significantly different than zero. The results show that the low levels of eddy diffusivity in the upper cold halocline lead to small vertical turbulent transport of heat, thereby allowing the maintenance of the cold halocline in the central Arctic.展开更多
Objective： To investigate a method for quantitative differential diagnosis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in Chinese medicine （CM）. Methods： Laboratory parameters were ...Objective： To investigate a method for quantitative differential diagnosis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in Chinese medicine （CM）. Methods： Laboratory parameters were collected from 306 patients with RA. The clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with these two syndromes （158 with RA of damp-heat impeding syndrome, and 148 with RA of cold-damp impeding syndrome）, and a regression equation was established to facilitate discrimination of the two RA syndromes. Results： There were significant differences in disease activity score in 28 joints [DAS28 （4）], erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, white blood cell count （WBC）, C-reactive protein （CRP）, platelet count （PLT）, albumin （ALB） and globulin （GLB） between the two syndrome of RA （P〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the parameters ESR, WBC, CRP, joint pyrexia, joint cold, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold extremities were statistically useful to discriminate damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome. The regression equation was as follows： P=1/{1＋exp[-（3.0-0.021X1-0.196X2-0.163X3- 1.559X4＋1.504X5-0.927X6-1.039X7＋1.070X8＋1.330X9）]}. The independent variables X1-X9 were ESR, WBC, CRP, hot joint, cold joint, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold limbs. A P value 〉 0.5 signified cold-damp impeding syndrome, and a P value 〈 0.5 signified damp-heat impeding syndrome. The accuracy was 90.2%. Conclusion： The regression equation may be useful for discriminating damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome of RA.展开更多
Recent studies have revealed that the property of drug is mainly associated with the body's substance and energy metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the drug property of Poria, called Fuling(FL) in tra...Recent studies have revealed that the property of drug is mainly associated with the body's substance and energy metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the drug property of Poria, called Fuling(FL) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), in terms of its effects on the substance and energy metabolism in rat models of cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency syndromes, compared with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, called Fuzi(FZ) in TCM, with hot property, and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, called Zhimu(ZM) in TCM, with cold property, as reference drugs, respectively. The appearance score, toe and rectal temperatures of the animals treated were assessed at different time points. Several indices in vivo correlated with substance and energy metabolism(glucokinas, phosphoglycerate kinase, cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxydase, and Na^+-K^+-ATPase), endocrine system(triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid), nervous system(acetylcholin esterase), and cyclic nucleotide system were determined. The changes in appearance score and indices in vivo suggested the successful establishment of cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency syndrome models. FZ reversed the decreased levels of indices(substance and energy metabolism and endocrine system) and alleviated the syndrome of cold-deficiency model, and ZM showed obviously therapeutic effect on heat-deficiency syndrome(appearance score, substance and energy metabolism, and endocrine system). FL could alleviate cold-deficiency syndrome and raise the decreased levels of glucokinas, phosphoglycerate kinase, cytochrome c reductase and triiodothyronine in cold-deficiency model, but had no significant effect on heat-deficiency syndrome. Drug property of FL was inferred as trending to "flat and warm", which still need further study. It was advisable to adopt both cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency models to study the drugs with "flat" property.展开更多
lasma cortisol levels and leukocyte glucocorticosteroid receptor (GCR) contents were assayed in 10 patients with Deficiency-Cold Syndrome, 10 patients with Deficiency-Heat Syndrome, and 10healthy subjects as normal co...lasma cortisol levels and leukocyte glucocorticosteroid receptor (GCR) contents were assayed in 10 patients with Deficiency-Cold Syndrome, 10 patients with Deficiency-Heat Syndrome, and 10healthy subjects as normal control. The results showed practically normal plasma cortisol levels in the De-ticiency-Cold Group, but the leukocyte GCR contents were markedly lowered. In the Deficiency-Heatgroup, plasma cortisol levels were remarkably elevated and the leukocyte GCR contents also tended to behigher than normal. The quantity of plasma cortisol concentrations multiplied by leukocyte GCR contentscan be taken as a sensitive index for the differentiation of Cold and Heat natures in Deficiency Syndromes.展开更多
Objective： To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether...Objective： To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether using a combination of measures can improve the predictive power to diagnose these patterns. Methods： Based on a total of 4,859 subjects （3,000 women and 1,859 men）, statistical analyses using binary logistic regression were performed to assess the significance of the difference and the predictive power of each anthropometric measure, and binary logistic regression and Naive Bayes with the variable selection technique were used to assess the improvement in the predictive power of the patterns using the combined measures. Results： In women, the strongest indicators for determining the cold and heat patterns among anthropometric measures were body mass index （BMI） and rib circumference; in men, the best indicator was BMI. In experiments using a combination of measures, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in women were 0.776 by Naive Bayes and 0.772 by logistic regression, and the values in men were 0.788 by Naive Bayes and 0.779 by logistic regression. Conclusions： Individuals with a higher BMI have a tendency toward a heat pattern in both women and men. The use of a combination of anthropometric measures can slightly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Our findings can provide fundamental information for the diagnosis of cold and heat patterns based on body shape for personalized medicine.展开更多
基金Project (50408019) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A partition solution implemented by a cold air curtain for two asymmetric discrete heat sources in a twodimensional rectangular enclosure was numerically studied. Main attentions were focused on the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number, separation distance between heat sources, and buoyancy ratio. It is found that the airflow and heat transfer are not only determined by governing parameters, but also affected by boundary conditions. It is also found that nearly symmetry of flow structure corresponds to nearly thermal partition, and the symmetry can be enhanced when Reynolds number, separation distance and buoyancy ratio increase. In addition, it is observed that there is a minimum Reynolds number for obtaining nearly thermal partition, which increases when Grashof number increases.
基金funded by the Research Council of Norway, through NORKLIMA Young Investigator grant
文摘In spring preceding the record minimum summer ice cover detailed microstructure measurements were made from drifting pack ice in the Arctic Ocean, 110 km from the North Pole. Profiles of hydrography, shear, and temperature microstructure collected in the upper water column covering the core of the Atlantic Water are analyzed to determine the diapycnal eddy diffusivity, the eddy diffusivity for heat, and the turbulent flux of heat. Turbulence in the bulk of the cold halocline layer was not strong enough to generate significant buoyancy flux and mixing. Resulting turbulent heat flux across the upper cold halocline was not significantly different than zero. The results show that the low levels of eddy diffusivity in the upper cold halocline lead to small vertical turbulent transport of heat, thereby allowing the maintenance of the cold halocline in the central Arctic.
基金supported by the Scientific Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau,China (2008-1-15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973827)
文摘Objective： To investigate a method for quantitative differential diagnosis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in Chinese medicine （CM）. Methods： Laboratory parameters were collected from 306 patients with RA. The clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with these two syndromes （158 with RA of damp-heat impeding syndrome, and 148 with RA of cold-damp impeding syndrome）, and a regression equation was established to facilitate discrimination of the two RA syndromes. Results： There were significant differences in disease activity score in 28 joints [DAS28 （4）], erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, white blood cell count （WBC）, C-reactive protein （CRP）, platelet count （PLT）, albumin （ALB） and globulin （GLB） between the two syndrome of RA （P〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the parameters ESR, WBC, CRP, joint pyrexia, joint cold, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold extremities were statistically useful to discriminate damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome. The regression equation was as follows： P=1/{1＋exp[-（3.0-0.021X1-0.196X2-0.163X3- 1.559X4＋1.504X5-0.927X6-1.039X7＋1.070X8＋1.330X9）]}. The independent variables X1-X9 were ESR, WBC, CRP, hot joint, cold joint, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold limbs. A P value 〉 0.5 signified cold-damp impeding syndrome, and a P value 〈 0.5 signified damp-heat impeding syndrome. The accuracy was 90.2%. Conclusion： The regression equation may be useful for discriminating damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome of RA.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB531803)
文摘Recent studies have revealed that the property of drug is mainly associated with the body's substance and energy metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the drug property of Poria, called Fuling(FL) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), in terms of its effects on the substance and energy metabolism in rat models of cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency syndromes, compared with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, called Fuzi(FZ) in TCM, with hot property, and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, called Zhimu(ZM) in TCM, with cold property, as reference drugs, respectively. The appearance score, toe and rectal temperatures of the animals treated were assessed at different time points. Several indices in vivo correlated with substance and energy metabolism(glucokinas, phosphoglycerate kinase, cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxydase, and Na^+-K^+-ATPase), endocrine system(triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid), nervous system(acetylcholin esterase), and cyclic nucleotide system were determined. The changes in appearance score and indices in vivo suggested the successful establishment of cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency syndrome models. FZ reversed the decreased levels of indices(substance and energy metabolism and endocrine system) and alleviated the syndrome of cold-deficiency model, and ZM showed obviously therapeutic effect on heat-deficiency syndrome(appearance score, substance and energy metabolism, and endocrine system). FL could alleviate cold-deficiency syndrome and raise the decreased levels of glucokinas, phosphoglycerate kinase, cytochrome c reductase and triiodothyronine in cold-deficiency model, but had no significant effect on heat-deficiency syndrome. Drug property of FL was inferred as trending to "flat and warm", which still need further study. It was advisable to adopt both cold-deficiency and heat-deficiency models to study the drugs with "flat" property.
文摘lasma cortisol levels and leukocyte glucocorticosteroid receptor (GCR) contents were assayed in 10 patients with Deficiency-Cold Syndrome, 10 patients with Deficiency-Heat Syndrome, and 10healthy subjects as normal control. The results showed practically normal plasma cortisol levels in the De-ticiency-Cold Group, but the leukocyte GCR contents were markedly lowered. In the Deficiency-Heatgroup, plasma cortisol levels were remarkably elevated and the leukocyte GCR contents also tended to behigher than normal. The quantity of plasma cortisol concentrations multiplied by leukocyte GCR contentscan be taken as a sensitive index for the differentiation of Cold and Heat natures in Deficiency Syndromes.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning(No.2006-2005173,NRF-2012-0009830,and NRF-2009-0090900)by the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Korean government,MSIP(No.NRF2015M3A9B6027139)
文摘Objective： To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether using a combination of measures can improve the predictive power to diagnose these patterns. Methods： Based on a total of 4,859 subjects （3,000 women and 1,859 men）, statistical analyses using binary logistic regression were performed to assess the significance of the difference and the predictive power of each anthropometric measure, and binary logistic regression and Naive Bayes with the variable selection technique were used to assess the improvement in the predictive power of the patterns using the combined measures. Results： In women, the strongest indicators for determining the cold and heat patterns among anthropometric measures were body mass index （BMI） and rib circumference; in men, the best indicator was BMI. In experiments using a combination of measures, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in women were 0.776 by Naive Bayes and 0.772 by logistic regression, and the values in men were 0.788 by Naive Bayes and 0.779 by logistic regression. Conclusions： Individuals with a higher BMI have a tendency toward a heat pattern in both women and men. The use of a combination of anthropometric measures can slightly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Our findings can provide fundamental information for the diagnosis of cold and heat patterns based on body shape for personalized medicine.
