Peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies are diseases with different etiologies emerging from genetic disorders,diabetes,infection or inflammation,paraneoplastic damage or intoxications including alcohol abuse（Marty...Peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies are diseases with different etiologies emerging from genetic disorders,diabetes,infection or inflammation,paraneoplastic damage or intoxications including alcohol abuse（Martyn and Hughes,1997）.展开更多
The Arctic is rapidly transforming into a navigable ocean because of global warming.The retreat of ice extent and widened marginal ice zone(MIZ)in the Arctic made it possible for non-icebreaking commercial vessels to ...The Arctic is rapidly transforming into a navigable ocean because of global warming.The retreat of ice extent and widened marginal ice zone(MIZ)in the Arctic made it possible for non-icebreaking commercial vessels to sail into Arctic waters where ice floes of various concentrations and thicknesses exist.The main objective of this work is to estimate the performance of a non-icebreaking cargo ship that sails in the Arctic marginal ice zone.Different numerical approaches are utilized to calculate ice-induced resistance and compared with those proposed in empirical formulas.The comparison shows that the resistances predicted by the two numerical tools differ obviously and are in general smaller in comparison with the ones calculated from the empirical formulas under lower ice concentrations.The total resistances are further calculated to predict the required propulsion powers for the case study vessel to enable navigation under severe ice conditions.This work highlights the significance of developing new and more sophisticated tools for estimation of ship’s ice performance in MIZ,which is the prerequisite to enable non-icebreaking cargo fleet to utilize the Arctic shipping lane.展开更多
基金supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG grant EL125/6-1)
文摘Peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies are diseases with different etiologies emerging from genetic disorders,diabetes,infection or inflammation,paraneoplastic damage or intoxications including alcohol abuse（Martyn and Hughes,1997）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2017YFE0111400).
文摘The Arctic is rapidly transforming into a navigable ocean because of global warming.The retreat of ice extent and widened marginal ice zone(MIZ)in the Arctic made it possible for non-icebreaking commercial vessels to sail into Arctic waters where ice floes of various concentrations and thicknesses exist.The main objective of this work is to estimate the performance of a non-icebreaking cargo ship that sails in the Arctic marginal ice zone.Different numerical approaches are utilized to calculate ice-induced resistance and compared with those proposed in empirical formulas.The comparison shows that the resistances predicted by the two numerical tools differ obviously and are in general smaller in comparison with the ones calculated from the empirical formulas under lower ice concentrations.The total resistances are further calculated to predict the required propulsion powers for the case study vessel to enable navigation under severe ice conditions.This work highlights the significance of developing new and more sophisticated tools for estimation of ship’s ice performance in MIZ,which is the prerequisite to enable non-icebreaking cargo fleet to utilize the Arctic shipping lane.
