Optimized CeO_(2) Nanowires with Rich Surface Oxygen Vacancies Enable Fast Li-Ion Conduction in Composite Polymer Electrolytes

Low-cost and flexible solid polymer electrolytes are promising in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries with high energy density and safety.However,both the low room-temperature ionic conductivities and the small Li^(+)transference number of these electrolytes significantly increase the internal resistance and overpotential of the battery.Here,we introduce Gd-doped CeO_(2) nanowires with large surface area and rich surface oxygen vacancies to the polymer electrolyte to increase the interaction between Gd-doped CeO_(2) nanowires and polymer electrolytes,which promotes the Li-salt dissociation and increases the concentration of mobile Li ions in the composite polymer electrolytes.The optimized composite polymer electrolyte has a high Li-ion conductivity of 5×10^(-4)4 S cm^(-1) at 30℃ and a large Li+transference number of 0.47.Moreover,the composite polymer electrolytes have excellent compatibility with the metallic lithium anode and high-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Mn _(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC)cathode,providing the stable cycling of all-solid-state batteries at high current densities.

简易合成MgCo_(2)O_(4)纳米线及其电化学性能研究

通过水热路径引入表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠在泡沫镍上成功合成出比表面积较大、超薄多孔的MgCo_(2)O_(4)纳米线。研究表明,MgCo_(2)O_(4)纳米线展示出紧密交织透明的网格状结构且在5 A/g的电流密度下,比电容高达2128 F/g。在40 A/g的情况下循环6000周次后,比电容保持了原始容量的98.4%。将该纳米线和活性炭分别作为正极和负极组装成非对称超级电容器,其比电容可达65.32 F/g且在功率密度为338.95 W/kg下能量密度可达20.41 Wh/kg。上述结果表明该非对称超级电容器是一个较好的储能装置,在实际应用中拥有良好的潜力。

金红石TiO_(2)纳米线忆阻器的制备及阻变存储机制

本工作采用简单高效的一步水热法工艺制备了具有一维有序结构的金红石TiO_(2)纳米线阵列,设计了Au/TiO_(2)/FTO器件结构的金红石TiO_(2)纳米线忆阻器,系统研究了器件的阻变存储特性和存储机制,构建了器件基于氧空位迁移的非线性阻变存储机制模型。结果表明,Au/TiO_(2)/FTO结构金红石TiO_(2)纳米线忆阻器具有非易失性的双极性阻变存储特性,器件的阻变开关比可以稳定地保持在10^(2)以上。此外,器件在低阻态时满足线性的欧姆导电特性,在高阻态时服从陷阱控制的空间电荷限制电流传导机制,而器件的阻变存储行为则遵循基于氧空位迁移的非线性离子迁移阻变存储机制,研究结果表明金红石TiO_(2)纳米线忆阻器在下一代非易失性存储器方面具有重要的应用潜力。

Fast, green microwave-assisted synthesis of single crystalline Sb_2Se_3 nanowires towards promising lithium storage

In this work, a fast(0.5 h), green microwave-assisted synthesis of single crystalline Sb_2Se_3 nanowires was developed. For the first time we demonstrated a facile solvent-mediated process, whereby intriguing nanostructures including antimony selenide(Sb_2Se_3) nanowires and selenium(Se) microrods can be achieved by merely varying the volume ratio of ethylene glycol(EG) and H_2O free from expensive chemical and additional surfactant. The achieved uniform Sb_2Se_3 nanowire is single crystalline along [001]growth direction with a diameter of 100 nm and a length up to tens of micrometers. When evaluated as an anode of lithium-ion battery, Sb_2Se_3 nanowire can deliver a high reversible capacity of 650.2 m Ah g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) and a capacity retention of 63.8% after long-term 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1), as well as superior rate capability(389.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 2000 mA g^(-1)). This easy solvent-mediated microwave synthesis approach exhibits its great universe and importance towards the fabrication of high-performance metal chalcogenide electrode materials for future low-cost, large-scale energy storage systems.

Oxygen vacancies enable the visible light photoactivity of chromium-implanted TiO2 nanowires

Although computational studies have demonstrated that metal ion doping can effectively narrow the bandgap of TiO_(2),the visible-light photoactivity of metal-doped TiO_(2) photoanodes is still far from satisfactory.Herein,we report an effective strategy to activate the visible-light photoactivity of chromiumimplanted TiO_(2) via the incorporation of oxygen vacancies.The chromium-doped TiO_(2) activated by oxygen vacancies(Cr-TiO_(2)-vac)exhibited an incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency(IPCE)of~6.8%at450 nm,which is one of the best values reported for metal-doped TiO_(2).Moreover,Cr-TiO_(2)-vac showed no obvious photocurrent decay after 100 h under visible-light illumination.

Realizing super-long Cu_2O nanowires arrays for high-efficient water splitting applications with a convenient approach

Nanowire(NW) structures is an alternative candidate for constructing the next generation photoelectrochemical water splitting system, due to the outstanding optical and electrical properties. NW photoelectrodes comparing to traditional semiconductor photoelectrodes shows the comparatively shorter transfer distance of photo-induced carriers and the increase amount of the surface reaction sites, which is beneficial for lowering the recombination probability of charge carriers and improving their photoelectrochemical(PEC) performances. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that super-long Cu_2O NWs, more than 4.5 μm,with highly efficient water splitting performance, were synthesized using a cost-effective anodic alumina oxide(AAO) template method. In comparison with the photocathode with planar Cu_2O films, the photocathode with Cu_2O NWs demonstrates a significant enhancement in photocurrent, from –1.00 to –2.75 mA/cm^2 at –0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. After optimization of the photoelectrochemical electrode through depositing Pt NPs with atomic layer deposition(ALD) technology on the Cu_2O NWs, the plateau of photocurrent has been enlarged to –7 mA/cm^2 with the external quantum yield up to 34% at 410 nm. This study suggests that the photoelectrode based on Cu_2O NWs is a hopeful system for establishing high-efficiency water splitting system under visible light.

A new catalyst for urea oxidation: NiCo2S4 nanowires modified 3D carbon sponge

Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is a new kind of fuel cell employing urea as fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant which possesses a larger cell voltage. Herein, this work tries to promote the kinetics process of urea oxidation by preparing low-cost and high-efficient NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge electrode. The carbon sponge used in this work with a similar three-dimensional multi-channel structure to Ni foam, is prepared by carbonizing recycled polyurethane sponge which is also a process of recycling waste. The performance of the prepared catalyst in an alkaline solution is investigated in a three-electrode system.With the introduction of Co element to the catalyst, a reduced initial urea oxidation potential and a high performance are obtained. Furthermore, a direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is assembled using the NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge anode. Results indicate that the prepared catalyst provides a chance to solve the current problems that hinder the development of urea electrooxidation(high initial urea oxidation potential, low performance, and high electrode costs).

Well-dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals on N-doped carbon nanowires as efficient electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

The conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable organic compounds is a highly promising approach to address the energy issues and environmental problems(e.g., global warming). Herein, we presents a facile and efficient method to prepare highly dense and well-dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals on 1 D N-doped carbon nanowires as advanced catalysts for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to formate. The ultrasmall SnO2 coated on the N-doped carbon nanowires(SnO2@N-CNW) has been synthesized via the simple hydrothermal treatment coupled with a pyrolysis process. The unique structure enables to expose the active tin oxide and also provides the facile pathways for rapid transfer of electron and electrolyte along with the highly porous carbon foam composed with interconnected carbon nanowires. Therefore, SnO2@NCNW electrocatalyst exhibits good durability and high selectivity for formate formation with a Faradaic efficiency of ca. 90%. This work demonstrates a simple method to rationally design high-dense tin oxide nanocrystals on the conductive carbon support as advanced catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.

Bi_(2)O_(2)Se纳米线的生长及其超导量子干涉器件

Bi_(2)O_(2)Se是一种新型半导体材料,具有载流子迁移率高、空气中稳定和自旋轨道耦合强等优点,并且其合成方法多种多样,应用范围十分广泛.但已有研究大多集中在其二维薄膜,本文介绍一种使用三温区管式炉通过化学气相沉积生长Bi_(2)O_(2)Se一维纳米线的方法,研究了云母衬底处于水平方向不同位置以及竖直方向不同高度对Bi_(2)O_(2)Se纳米线生长的影响,并归纳出适于其生长的优化条件.之后,基于生长的Bi_(2)O_(2)Se纳米线构建了超导量子干涉器件,并观测到随磁场的超导量子干涉,为拓宽Bi_(2)O_(2)Se纳米线的应用提供了思路.

Facile Preparation of Mn_2O_3 Nanowires by Thermal Decomposition of MnCO_3

Mn2O3 nanowires with diameters of about 130 nm and lengths up to tens of micrometers were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of MnCO3 precursors. It was identified that the growth of the cubic Mn2O nanowires was preferential along the [001] direction. The intermediate stage containing melting state and the particles of manganese oxide played an important role for the formation of Mn2O3 with one-dimensional structure. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the precursors and final products. Thermogravimetry analysis was also carried out to find the mechanism for the formation of Mn2O3 nanowires. The growth of the nanowires was proposed to be dominated by the conventional melt-growth mechanism.

Synthesis and characterization of β-Ga_2O_3@GaN nanowires

In this work, we prepared the β-Ga_2O_3@GaN nanowires(NWs) by oxidizing GaN NWs. High-quality hexagonal wurtzite GaN NWs were achieved and the conversion from GaN to β-Ga_2O_3 was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the oxidation temperature and time on the oxidation degree of GaN NWs was investigated systematically. The oxidation rate of GaN NWs was estimated at different temperatures.

Porous NiCo_2O_4 nanowires supported on carbon cloth for flexible asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy density

Recently, binary metal oxides have been considerably researched for energy storage since it can provide higher electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity than single components. Besides, rational arrays structure design can effectively enhance the utilization of active material. In this article, we synthesis a porous NiCo_2O_4 nanowires arrays, which were intimate contact with flexible carbon cloth（CC）by a facile hydrothermal reaction and calcination treatment. The rational array structures of NiCo_2O_4 facilitate the diffusion of electrolyte and effectively increase the utilization of active material. The asobtained NiCo_2O_4@CC electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 1183 mF cm^（-2） and an outstanding capacitance retention of 90.4% after 3000 cycles. Furthermore, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor（ASC）using NiCo_2O_4@CC as positive electrode and activated carbon cloth（ACC） as negative electrode was fabricated, which delivers a large capacitance of 750 mF cm^（-2）（12.5 F cm^（-3））, a high energy density of 0.24 mWh cm^（-2）（3.91 mWh cm^（-3））, as well as excellent cycle stability under different bending states.These remarkable results suggest that as-assembled NiCo_2O_4@CC//ACC ASC is a promising candidate in flexible energy storage applications.

Electrostatic Field Enhanced Photocatalytic CO_(2) Conversion on BiVO_(4) Nanowires

The recombination loss of photo-carriers in photocatalytic systems fatally determines the energy conversion efficiency of photocatalysts.In this work,an electrostatic field was used to inhibit the recombination of photo-carriers in photocatalysts by separating photo-holes and photo-electrons in space.As a model structure,(010)facet-exposed BiVO_(4)nanowires were grown on PDMS-insulated piezo-substrate of piezoelectric transducer(PZT).The PZT substrate will generate an electrostatic field under a certain stress,and the photocatalytic behavior of BiVO_(4) nanowires is influenced by the electrostatic field.Our results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the BiVO_(4) nanowires in CO_(2)reduction in the negative electrostatic field is enhanced to 5.5-fold of that without electrostatic field.Moreover,the concentration of methane in the products was raised from 29% to 64%.The enhanced CO_(2) reduction efficiency is mainly attributed to the inhibited recombination loss of photo-carriers in the BiVO_(4) nanowires.The increased energy of photo-carriers and the enhanced surface absorption to polar molecules,which are CO in this case,were also play important roles in improving the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst and product selectivity.This work proposed an effective strategy to improve photo-carriers separation/transfer dynamics in the photocatalytic systems,which will also be a favorable reference for photovoltaic and photodetecting devices.

Bi_(2)(Se_(0.53)Te_(0.47))_(3)纳米线的制备及其圆偏振光致电流效应

采用化学气相沉积法制备Bi_(2)(Se_(0.53)Te_(0.47))_(3)纳米线,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪对其进行表征,并研究样品的圆偏振光致电流效应(circular photogalvanic effect, CPGE).利用1 064 nm激光激发,分别测试激光入射面垂直于纳米线和平行于纳米线时的CPGE电流.实验结果表明,测得的CPGE电流主要来自纳米线的拓扑表面态.激光垂直入射纳米线时的CPGE电流不为0,说明CPGE电流来源于纳米线能带的六角翘曲效应.本研究测得的Bi_(2)(Se_(0.53)Te_(0.47))_(3)纳米线的CPGE电流比文献报导的Bi2(Te0.23Se0.77)3纳米线增大2倍以上,这是因为Te组分的增加不但使得费米能级更加靠近狄拉克点,还降低了纳米线中载流子复合的概率,二者共同作用,使得CPGE电流增大.

Comparable Studies of Adsorption and Magnetic Properties of Ferrite MnFe_2O_4 Nanoparticles,Porous Bulks and Nanowires

The spinel ferrites MnFe2O4 nanowires were synthesized by hydrothermal route,porous MnFe2O4 and nanoparticles morphologies were synthesized by sol-gel method with egg white.The structures,morphologies,magnetic properties and adsorption properties of these obtained ferrites with different morphologies were studied contrastively.Results show that the obtained samples exhibit ferromagnetic properties.This realizes convenient magnetic separation from solution when they are used in the treatment of organic dyes wastewater.However,the contrastive studies show that the saturation magnetizations（Ms） of MnFe2O4 with different morphologies are different and the Ms follows the order：Ms（porous）〈Ms（nanoparticles）〈Ms（nanowires）.In addition,the adsorptions of methylene blue（MB） onto these ferrites depend on ferrites＇ morphologies seriously.The adsorption rate of MB on the porous MnFe2O4 is much higher than those onto the other two samples because the porous structure can provide high efficient mass transport through the pores.

The influence of ablation products on the ablation resistance of C/C-SiC composites and the growth mechanism of SiO_2 nanowires

Ablation under oxyacetylene torch with heat flux of 4186.8（10%kW/m2 for 20 s was performed to evaluate the ablation resistance of C/C-SiC composites fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI） combined with liquid silicon infiltration（LSI） process.The results indicated that C/C-SiC composites present a better ablation resistance than C/C composites without doped SiC.The doped SiC and the ablation products SiO2 derived from it play key roles in ablation process.Bulk quantities of SiO2 nanowires with diameter of 80 nm-150 nm and length of tens microns were observed on the surface of specimens after ablation.The growth mechanism of the SiO_2 nanowires was interpreted with a developed vapor-liquid-solid（VLS） driven by the temperature gradient.

Thermal Stability of Fe_2O_3 Nanowires

The thermal stability of α-Fe203 and γ-Fe2O3 nanowires was studied by post annealing the samples at different temperatures. Before and after annealing, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The α-Fe2O3 nanowires are stable at the temperatures up to 600℃, and the crystalline structure becomes more perfect after annealing. This behavior supplies a way to improve the quality of the α-Fe2O3 nanowires. The γ-Fe2O3 nanowires become unstable when annealed at 350℃. Raman spectra of both nanowires have been measured, which also indicate that the γ-Fe203 nanowires are transformed into α-Fe2O3 under the strong laser beam.

Fabrication and Characterization of Fe-Doped In2O3 Dilute Magnetic Semiconducting Nanowires

Fe-doped In2O3 dilute magnetic semiconducting nanowires are fabricated on A u-deposited Si substrates by the chemical vapor deposition technique. It is confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and Raman spectroscopy that Fe has been successfully doped into lattices of In2O3 nanowires. The EDS measurements reveal a large amount of oxygen vacancies existing in the Fe-doped In2O3 nanowires. The Fe dopant exists as a mixture of Fe2＋ and Fe3＋, as revealed by the XPS. The origin of room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped In2O3 nanowires is explained by the bound magnetic polaron model.

TiO_(2)纳米线薄膜的水热法合成及其光催化性能研究

以钛箔为钛源和基底,NaOH为形貌控制剂,采用水热法制备TiO_(2)纳米线薄膜.通过调控NaOH溶液的浓度,研究了形貌控制剂用量对样品晶体结构、表面形貌、光催化性能的影响,并对TiO_(2)纳米线薄膜的形成机理进行了阐述.通过SEM、XRD对样品进行表征及光催化降解,实验结果表明:随着NaOH溶液浓度的增加,TiO_(2)纳米线薄膜的表面形貌和光催化活性也随之改变;当NaOH溶液浓度为1 M时,所制得的锐钛矿型TiO_(2)薄膜表面具有均匀的一维纳米线形貌;样品在紫外光下照射10 h后,甲基橙溶液的光催化降解率达到了90%.

TiO_(2-x) 纳米线基光电忆阻突触器件性能的优化

金属氧化物基光电忆阻器能够同时实现光信号的采集、存储和处理功能,被认为是构筑神经形态视觉系统的理想选择之一.然而,由于金属氧化物材料持续光电导效应下电子和空穴的快速复合,会导致器件电导变化线性度低,限制了其在高精度图像识别方面的发展.实验基于水热法制备了TiO_(2-x)纳米线构筑光电忆阻器,通过等离子体处理的方式优化器件性能,提升器件的电导变化线性度,实现了短时可塑性和长时可塑性的光电忆阻行为及高精度图像识别功能.实验结果表明:等离子体处理能够在TiO_(2-x)纳米线中引入氧空位缺陷,增强器件的持续光电导效应.