掺杂方式对Mo-La_2O_3合金组织和力学性能的影响

分别采用液-固和液-液掺杂方式向钼粉中引入氧化镧,烧结出Mo-La2O3合金,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察,研究了不同掺杂方式制备的Mo-La2O3合金中第二相粒子的粒度分布和形貌,分析了第二相粒子在钼基体中的分布规律,检测了钼丝的拉伸性能,通过位错塞积理论讨论了La2O3颗粒形貌和分布对Mo-La2O3拉伸性能的影响机制。结果表明:液-液掺杂方法能够使钼基体中的La2O3粒子均匀分散,细化La2O3粒径;直径0.6mm、液-液掺杂钼丝的拉伸性能优于液-固掺杂钼丝。

Mo-La_2O_3烧结坯的韧化机制研究

通过扫描电镜、定点探针分析、X射线衍射分析及俄歇电子能谱分析研究了Mo La2 O3 烧结坯的韧化机制。结果表明 :La2 O3 的加入提高了烧结钼坯的横向断裂强度和韧性 ;Mo La2 O3 烧结坯的韧化机制源于间隙杂质在La2 O3

Mo-La_2O_3烧结坯间隙杂质的研究

通过扫描电镜 (SEM)、电子探针 (EPMA)、X射线衍射 (XRD)及俄歇电子能谱 (AES)研究了 Mo- La2 O3烧结坯中的间隙杂质。结果表明 :L a2 O3的加入提高了烧结钼坯的抗弯强度和韧性。间隙杂质不仅存在于 Mo中 ,而且在 La2 O3粒子表面吸附 ,使晶界杂质浓度降低。

Electrochemical codeposition of Mg-Li-Gd alloys from LiCl-KCl-MgCl_2-Gd_2O_3 melts

Mg-Li-Gd alloys were prepared by electrochemical codeposition from LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -Gd 2 O 3 melts on molybdenum electrode with constant current density at 823 and 973 K. The microstructure of the Mg-Li-Gd alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that magnesium and gadolinium deposit mainly in the first 30 min, and the alloy obtained contains 96.53% Mg, 0.27% Li and 3.20% Gd （mass fraction）. Then, the reduction of lithium ions occurs quickly. The composition of alloy can be adjusted by controlling electrolysis time or Gd 2 O 3 concentration in LiCl-KCl melts. With the addition of Gd into Mg-Li alloys, the corrosion resistance of the alloys is enhanced. XRD results suggest that Mg 3 Gd and Mg 2 Gd can be formed in Mg-Li-Gd alloys. The distribution of Gd element in Mg-Li-Gd alloys indicates that Gd element mainly distributes at the grain boundaries of Mg-Li-Gd alloys.

不同退火温度对Mo-La_2O_3板材微观组织及力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同退火温度对Mo-La2O3板材微观组织及力学性能的影响。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察了钼合金显微组织及断口形貌,利用透射电镜研究了La2O3对位错分布的影响规律。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,钼合金晶粒长大,拉伸性能、断裂韧性及显微硬度显著降低。对于退火后的试样,当La2O3粒径较大时,这种颗粒位于晶界处,在颗粒及晶界处形成位错塞积;在退火后的钼合金中,La2O3粒径较小时,绝大多数颗粒位于晶粒内部,位错越过这些颗粒,在晶界或亚晶界上形成位错塞积。

碳化Mo-La_2O_3阴极丝高温光电子能谱分析

本文报道了Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）对新型热电子发射材料Ｍｏ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３（简称Ｍｏ－Ｌａ）阴极丝材高温状态下表面物质的分析过程。实验结果表明：随温度升高，Ｍｏ－Ｌａ阴极丝材表面Ｌａ２Ｏ３明显增多，半定量计算１３５０～１４５０℃时，表面Ｌａ２Ｏ３约为室温时的４倍；温度再升高，表面含量又减少，说明了Ｍｏ－Ｌａ阴极的激活和过激活过程，与实际装管试验结果相符。对不同温度下样品的Ｌａ３ｄ峰峰位和半高宽计算分析以及纯Ｌａ样品的谱峰分析结果显示，高温状态下Ｍｏ－Ｌａ阴极表面有可能分离出少的超额Ｌａ原子，对Ｍｏ－Ｌａ阴极发射机理研究具有直接指导意义。

液-液掺杂Mo-La_2O_3板材的室温力学性能

采用液-液掺杂、粉末冶金的方法制备出Mo-La2O3板坯并轧制成板材,经不同温度退火后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用SEM和EDS等检测手段对其断口形貌、氧化镧含量及分布进行了分析。结果表明:Mo-La2O3板材的延伸率始终高于纯钼板;随着氧化镧含量的增加,Mo-La2O3板材的室温抗拉强度显著提高;而随退火温度的升高,Mo-La2O3板材的断口形貌由韧窝形转变为解理形;氧化镧均匀分布于晶内和晶界,大大降低了晶界上杂质的浓度,抑制了显微空穴和微孔的长大,从而提高了钼板的强度和韧性。

掺杂方式对Mo-La_2O_3合金断裂韧性及掺杂粒子显微结构的影响

分别采用液-固和液-液掺杂方式向钼粉中加入氧化镧,用粉末冶金方法烧结出Mo合金。通过透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了不同掺杂方式制备的Mo-La2O3材料中第二相颗粒的粒度分布、形貌,以及钼合金的断口形貌。试验结果表明,液-液掺杂方法有利于细化、分散La2O3;液液掺杂试样的断裂韧性优于液固掺杂试样。并通过位错塞积理论讨论了La2O3的粒度分布对钼合金性能的影响。

锻造镦粗Mo-La_2O_3的横向塑性和组织

利用锻造镦粗工艺制备了高横向塑性Mo-La2O3棒材,并检测了其在退火过程中横向弯曲性能,观察了其组织结构,利用SEM进行了断口形貌分析。结果表明:Mo-La2O3棒经锻造镦粗变形85%后横向具有较好的塑性,延伸率达到了2%,在退火过程中横向塑性逐渐升高,在1200℃时延伸率达到10%以上,经1570℃退火1 h后,合金发生了再结晶,此时延伸率为1.5%;Mo-La2O3棒中形成了大量的位错胞亚结构,胞内有大量的位错缠结在一起,这些位错还被La2O3钉扎;Mo-La2O3棒经1200℃退火后,断口有"分层"现象,且断口上具有明显的河流状花样和解理台阶,断裂面上伴有大量塑性变形的韧带和撕裂岭。

Mo-La_2O_3阴极碳化机理

研究了碳化温度、碳化时间、碳化时苯的压强对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化度大小和碳化层组织的影响。结果表明 :在 172 3K ,苯的压强为 1.5× 10 -2 Pa,碳化 6min后Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化度达到 19.7%,碳化层为疏松多孔的Mo2 C组织 ,有利于阴极热电子发射。应用扫描电镜 (SEM)、X射线衍射仪 (XRD)等手段对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化层的显微组织和微观结构、物相等进行了观察与分析。并从热力学与动力学两方面对Mo La2 O3 阴极碳化机理进行了探讨。

Mo-La_2O_3复合材料微观结构与力学性能的研究

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),维氏硬度计,电子万能材料试验机,动态热模拟机研究了稀土钼复合材料的结构、形貌、硬度、断裂韧性、高温屈服强度、强韧化机理等。结果表明:在钼中添加适量的La2O3,可起到室温强韧化和高温强化作用。随着La2O3含量的增加,样品的硬度、断裂韧性呈先增后减的规律,其最大值分别为l0.85 GPa7,.25 MPa.m1/2。该材料的强化机制为细晶优化和晶界强化;韧化机制为细晶韧化,裂纹偏转、微桥接和弯曲韧化。

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合Mo-La_2O_3阴极

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出平均粒径小于60nm的Mo-La2O3粉末。将所制备出的纳米复合Mo-La2O3粉末经冷压、热压工艺后烧结成纳米复合Mo-La2O3阴极。发现用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Mo-La2O3阴极组织均匀,晶粒细小,La2O3粒子晶粒大多在100nm以下,且弥散分布在晶内及晶界上。在燃弧实验中发现用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米复合Mo-La2O3阴极击穿点分布在阴极表面的大部分面积上,烧蚀坑浅,且击穿优先发生在La2O3相上。

Properties of Dispersion Casting of Y2O3 Particles in Hypo,Hyper and Eutectic Binary Al-Cu Alloys

In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.

Cr_2O_3 BASE CERAMIC COATING ON ALUMINUM ALLOYS FORMED BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A newly developed method is introduced for producing Cr 2O 3 base ceramic coating on aluminum alloys. On the basis of properly selecting base reactions, slurry is prepared and then applied onto the substrate surface. By chemical reactions taken place in situ on the surface of aluminum alloy at relative low temperature, Cr 2O 3 base ceramic coating is formed. By means of scanning electron microscopy, the coating microstructure and the bonding mechanism are studied. X ray diffraction analysis is also used to investigate the chemical composition of the coating. The coating formation mechanism is further discussed. With a pin on disk tester, wear test is made to evaluate the wear performances of the coating. The results show that by applying the coating on aluminum alloy, the wear decreases 5 times in comparation to that without coating.

Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Interface characteristics of Al_2O_3－13%TiO_2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding

Al2O3-13%TiO2 （mass fraction） coatings, prepared by laser cladding on nickel-based alloy, were heated using high frequency induction sources. The coating microstructure and the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results show that two-layer substructure exists in the ceramic coating： one layer evolving from fully melted region where the sintered grains grow fully; another layer resembling the liquid-phase-sintered structure consisting of three-dimensional net where the melted Al2O3 particles are embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix. The mechanism of the two-layer substructure formation is also explained in terms of the melting and flattening behavior of the powders during laser cladding processing. The spinel compounds NiAl2O4 and acicular compounds Cr2O3 are discovered in the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating. It proves that the chemical reactions in the laser cladding process will significantly enhance the coating adhesion.

Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Fe_2O_3-NiO composites for formation of Fe-Ni alloy using carbon monoxide

The non-isothermal reduction kinetics and mechanism of Fe2O3-NiO composites with different Fe2O3-NiO compacts using carbon monoxide as reductant were investigated. The results show that the reduction degree increases rapidly with increasing the content of NiO, and the presence of NiO also improves the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is found that NiO is preferentially reduced at the beginning of the reactions, and then the metallic Ni acts as a catalyst promoting the reduction rate of iron oxides. It is also observed that the increase of the Ni O content enhances the formation of awaruite(FeNi3) but decreases the percentage of kamacite(Fe,Ni) and taenite(Fe,Ni). The particle size of the materials tends to be uniform during the reduction process due to the presence of metallic nickel, metallic iron and the formation of Fe-Ni alloy. The concentration of CO in the product gas is greater than that of CO2 at the beginning of the reaction and then slows down. The fastest reduction rate of Fe2O3-NiO composites with CO appears at 400-500 °C, and nucleation growth model can be used to elucidate the reduction mechanism. Nucleation growth process is found to be the rate controlling step when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C.

La_2O_3对镦粗Mo棒的横向组织和塑性的影响

利用锻造镦粗工艺制备了高横向塑性的纯Mo和Mo-La2O3棒,检测了其在不同温度退火后的横向弯曲性能并观察了其组织结构。结果表明:纯Mo棒经锻造镦粗变形85%后横向具有较好的塑性,延伸率达到了5%;而同状态下的Mo-La2O3棒只有2%。这是因为此状态下纯Mo棒中的位错可动性要好。随着退火温度的升高,纯Mo棒和Mo-La2O3棒的横向塑性都逐渐升高,Mo-La2O3棒的最大横向延伸率大于纯Mo棒(超过10%)。Mo-La2O3棒横向塑性的提高与La2O3粒子钝化微裂纹有关。在退火过程中,镦粗纯Mo棒和Mo-La2O3棒都发生了回复再结晶过程,位错组态变化一致,镦粗过程中产生了大量位错胞,随着退火温度的升高而逐步消失。

Y_2O_3对WC-B_4C激光合金化层裂纹与耐磨性能的影响

目前,有关稀土氧化物粉末粒度大小及含量对激光陶瓷合金化层裂纹及耐磨性能影响的研究较少。以近纳米级Y2O3-WC-B4C粉末对60CrMnMo钢表面进行激光陶瓷合金化,以提高其耐磨性能。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、轮式磨耗试验机分析、考察了Y2O3含量对合金化层的组织、物相、硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:Y2O3使合金化层表面更加平整、光滑,表面裂纹减少、变细;合金化层硬度随着Y2O3含量增加而降低;合金化层物相主要有Fe-Cr,Cr23C6,B2W,B13C2等;随Y2O3含量增加,树枝晶减少,合金化层组织更均匀致密,磨损量先减小后增大;Y2O3含量为4%时,合金化层组织最细、耐磨性最好。

Rapid synthesis of Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3 nanocomposite powders by mechanochemical reduction method

Mo5Si3-20%Al2O3 （mass fraction） nanocomposite was synthesized by mechanical alloying （MA） of mixture of MoO3,Mo,Si and Al powders.The structural evolutions of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and differential thermal analysis （DTA）.Results show that Mo5Si3-20%Al2O3 was obtained after 10 h of milling.The spontaneous reaction of powders takes place in an explosive mode.The crystallite sizes of Mo5Si3 and Al2O3 after milling for 30 h were 36.3 nm and 21.9 nm,respectively.With longer milling time,the intensities of Mo5Si3 and Al2O3 peaks decreased and became broad due to the decrease in crystallite size.Thermal analysis results and XRD analysis results show that the Mo5Si3-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders are very stable during milling （up to 30 h） and heating （up to 1 000℃） and no transformation takes place.