Advances in Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement for Cervical Spondylosis

Anterior cervical decompression and fusion(ACDF)treatment for cervical spondylosis has been more than half a century,and achieved good clinical results.However,with the continuous extension of follow-up time,the fusion segment-associated postoperative complications emerged gradually.Reserved cervical stability and activity,the concept of non-fusion was born.As a non-fusion technique,cervical artificial disc replacement(CADR)developed rapidly.With the continuous development of artificial prosthesis materials and design concepts,and specification and proficiency of surgical procedures,CADR has achieved better short and mid-term clinical efficacy than ACDF.Compared with ACDF,the main advantages of CADR are that the postoperative recovery is quick,the activity and stability of cervical vertebra are maintained,the height of cervical intervertebral space is restored,and the stress of adjacent segments and the rate of surgical renovation are reduced.In clinical work,as an emerging technology,CADR requires spine surgeons to control the surgical indications,contraindications,and patients'conditions strictly.This article reviews the research progress of CADR in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of cervical spondylosis.

Application of a modified surgical position in anterior approach for total cervical artificial disc replacement

BACKGROUND Total cervical artificial disc replacement(TDR)has been considered a safe and effective alternative surgical treatment for cervical spondylosis and degenerative disc disease that have failed to improve with conservative methods.Positioning the surgical patient is a critical part of the procedure.Appropriate patient positioning is crucial not only for the safety of the patient but also for optimizing surgical exposure,ensuring adequate and safe anesthesia,and allowing the surgeon to operate comfortably during lengthy procedures.The surgical posture is the traditional position used in anterior cervical approach;in general,patients are in a supine position with a pad under their shoulders and a ring-shaped pillow under their head.AIM To investigate the clinical outcomes of the use of a modified surgical position versus the traditional surgical position in anterior approach for TDR.METHODS In the modified position group,the patients had a soft pillow under their neck,and their jaw and both shoulders were fixed with wide tape.The analyzed data included intraoperative blood loss,position setting time,total operation time,and perioperative blood pressure and heart rate.RESULTS Blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different before and after body positioning in both groups(P>0.05).Compared with the traditional position group,the modified position group showed a statistically significantly longer position setting time(P<0.05).However,the total operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly reduced in the modified position group compared with the traditional position group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes indicated that total operation time and intraoperative blood loss were relatively lower in the modified position group than in the traditional position group,thus reducing the risks of surgery while increasing the position setting time.The modified surgical position is a safe and effective method to be used in anterior approach for TDR surgery.

Quantitative analysis of optic disc changes in school-age children with ametropia based on artificial intelligence

AIM:To explore changes in the optic disc and peripapillary atrophy(PPA)in school-age children with ametropia using color fundus photography combined with artificial intelligence(AI)technology.METHODS:Based on the retrospective case-controlled study,226 eyes of 113 children aged aged 6–12y were enrolled from October 2021 to May 2022.According to the results of spherical equivalent(SE),the children were divided into four groups:low myopia group(66 eyes),moderate myopia group(60 eyes),high myopia group(50 eyes)and emmetropia control group(50 eyes).All subjects underwent un-aided visual acuity,dilated pupil optometry,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,ocular axis measurement and color fundus photography.RESULTS:The width of PPA,horizontal diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc were significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05).The width of the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rim,the roundness of the optic disc,the height of PPA,the vertical diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc,and the average density of PPA in the high myopia group were significantly different compared with the other three groups(P<0.05).There were strong negative correlations between SE and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc(r=-0.812,P<0.001)and strong positive correlation between axial length(AL)and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc(r=0.736,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In school-age children with high myopia,the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rims are narrowed and even lost,which have high sensitivity.The area ratio of the PPA to the optic disc could be used as an early predictor of myopia progression,which is of great significance for the development prevention and management of myopia.

Recent Advances in Finite Element Applications in Artificial Lumbar Disc Replacement

As a new choice for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease, artificial lumbar disc replacement has been widely used in clinical surgery. The finite element is a very effective method to predict and simulate the surgery effect. The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of finite element in artificial lumbar disc replacement, such as design of artificial lumbar disc prosthesis, risk and effect evaluation of artificial lumbar disc replacement, and assessment of operation methods. Lastly, we discuss the future development of finite element method applied in this field, including personalized design of the prosthesis, postoperative behavior guide, and artificial lumbar disc replacement combined with fusion surgery. In conclusion, as an invaluable complement to biomechanical experiments and clinical studies, the finite element method makes important contributions to our understanding of biomechanics of intervertebral disc, and plays an important role in the field of artificial lumbar disc replacement.

人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩后椎间盘的高度测量及强度分析

背景:人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩技术是一种治疗颈、腰椎间盘突出症微创、对突出椎间盘而言无创的创新性有效方法,但回缩术后突出颈、腰椎间盘能否保持原有的高度及生物力学强度,目前尚未见相关研究报道。目的:测量人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩手术前后突出颈、腰椎间盘相邻椎体形心高度,以分析回缩术后椎间盘生物力学强度的变化,为人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩技术治疗颈、腰椎间盘突出症提供新的依据。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2023年1月在郑州大学第一附属医院接受人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩手术治疗的颈/腰椎间盘突出患者140例。应用相关软件在人工智能辅助标定下,于MRI T_(1)图像中测量患者人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术前及术后各随访时间节点的颈椎、腰椎相邻椎体形心高度。以未手术的T_(1)/T_(2)和T_(12)/L_(1)节段分别作为颈椎、腰椎对照组,若术前颈/腰椎间盘突出患者的相邻椎体形心高度值小于其自身T_(1)/T_(2)或T_(12)/L_(1)对照节段相邻椎体形心高度值超过8%者为“高度降低组”(以下简称A组),其余为“高度不变组”(以下简称B组)。统计学分析A组和B组人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩手术前后相邻椎体形心高度的差异,同时根据人工智能辅助测量所得颈、腰椎突出椎间盘的体积,分析其与相邻椎体形心高度变化的相关性。结果与结论:①共纳入140例患者,其中颈椎组60例、腰椎组80例,术后随访7 d-12个月;②颈椎组共281个椎间盘,其中对照组60个颈椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度平均值分别约为20.46 mm和20.17 mm,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);A组162个颈椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度均值分别为16.65 mm和15.92 mm,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);术前与术后颈椎突出椎间盘体积均值分别是510.28 mm³和364.76 mm³,与相邻椎体形心高度改变无显著相关性(P>0.05);B组64个颈椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度平均值分别为20.15 mm和19.09 mm,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);术前与术后颈椎突出椎间盘体积平均值分别是515.32 mm³和361.98 mm³,与相邻椎体形心高度改变无显著相关性(P>0.05);③腰椎组共258个椎间盘,其中对照组80个腰椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度平均值分别约为33.03 mm和32.40 mm,差异无显著性意义;A组59个腰椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度平均值分别为30.08 mm和31.67 mm,差异无显著性意义;术前与术后腰椎突出椎间盘体积均值分别是690.51 mm³和496.58 mm³,与相邻椎体形心高度改变无显著相关性(P>0.05);B组119个腰椎间盘,术前与术后末次随访相邻椎体形心高度平均值分别为35.91 mm和34.12 mm,差异无显著性意义;术前与术后腰椎突出椎间盘体积均值分别是698.70 mm³和535.99 mm³,与相邻椎体形心高度改变无显著相关性;④提示无论颈、腰椎突出椎间盘高度是否下降,人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术后其高度都可以维持与术前一致的水平,可见突出椎间盘回缩并不影响其生物力学强度,提示人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩技术宜在突出节段椎间隙高度下降前实施,这样对维持自然回缩椎间盘生物力学强度更具价值。

多节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎椎间盘置换5年临床随访报道

目的初步评估多节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术的安全性和有效性。方法回顾分析2010年10月~2011年10月在我院行多节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术患者21例的临床和影像资料,采用VAS评分、日本骨科协会(JOA)脊髓功能评分及颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评估患者术后临床疗效,测量患者颈椎整体活动度和置换节段活动度,观察评估患者术后假体位置、颈椎曲度、异位骨化、吞咽功能等情况。结果最终纳入21例多节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术患者,男性13例,女性8例,其中20例行双节段置换,1例患者行三节段置换。术后患者临床症状有明显缓解,JOA、NDI、VAS评分较术前有明显改善,值均<0.05,术后3个月患者颈椎整体活动度以及置换节段平均活动度在术后3个月较术前略下降,值均<0.05,随后历次随访患者颈椎整体活动度以及置换节段平均活动度较术前无明显差异,值均>0.05。未发生假体材料过敏、人工椎间盘假体移位脱出、置换节段过度活动、术后颈椎生理曲度变直以及术后反弓等并发症。结论本研究结果初步表明多节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术是一种安全有效的可以选择的治疗多节段颈椎病的手术方式,能够明显改善患者临床症状,保留置换节段活动度以及颈椎整体活动度,维持颈椎生理曲度,且无假体移位脱出、过度活动、反弓等严重并发症。

Mobi-C人工椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症短期疗效观察

目的探讨应用颈椎人工椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 2009-03-2012-03应用Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗25例颈椎间盘突出症患者,记录并统计分析患者在术前、术后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、神经功能改善情况JOA评分及植入节段的运动范围影像学评估。结果 25例患者获得12～36个月随访,平均22个月。术前与术后(VAS)、JOA评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而术前与术后植入节段的运动范围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎间盘突出症,可以保留手术节段的活动功能,短期临床效果满意,是一种合理选择。

Discover人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘退变性疾病的临床疗效

目的评价Discover人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法 2007年1月～2011年8月,20例颈椎间盘退变突出经保守治疗无效的患者行人工颈椎间盘置换术。患者术前、术后1、6、12、24个月时使用颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disable index,NDI)、疼痛视觉模拟疼痛量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行疗效评估,手术效果采用Odom法评价。影像学检查包括颈椎动力位X线片、颈椎CT及MRI检查。结果 20例患者26个节段均顺利完成椎间盘置换术,术后随访2年。患者NDI、颈痛VAS评分、手臂疼痛VAS评分分别由术前的(23.82±2.87)、(5.90±0.35)、(5.91±1.63)分下降到2年后的(5.21±1.12)、(1.62±0.87)、(0.97±0.65)分。所有患者对手术效果Odom评级优良。手术平均时间(60～210)min,手术出血量(70～350)ml。影像学评价见植入的人工椎间盘运动功能良好。1例假体术后早期前移3mm。1例12月出现异位骨化。结论 Discover人工颈椎间盘置换是一种治疗颈椎间盘退变性疾病的安全有效方法,远期疗效有待临床进一步观察。

Mobi-C颈椎人工间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的效果

目的：探讨Mobi-C颈椎人工间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎间盘突出症的近期效果。方法：对应用Mobi-C颈椎人工间盘置换治疗的12例单节段颈椎间盘突出症患者于术前、术后（1～2 d ）及末次随访时进行全面的影像学和临床评价，并进行问卷调查。结果：本组病例随访6～24月，平均13个月。 Odom临床疗效评价优10例，良2例。患者的颈部及上肢疼痛明显缓解，VAS评分术后下降了5．8分（P＜0．05），末次随访时下降了5．5分（P＜0．05）。颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）和SF-36生活质量量表评分明显改善，患者的生活质量明显提高。除3例患者发生异位骨化外，未发现相邻节段退变加速。结论：保留颈椎活动度的Mobi-C颈椎人工间盘置换对颈椎间盘突出症的患者近期疗效确切，可明显提高患者的生活质量。

单节段Mobi-C人工间盘置换术后颈椎活动度的变化

目的观察单节段Mobi-C人工间盘置换术后颈椎曲度、活动度的变化。方法 2012-07-2015-01我院行22例单节段Mobi-C人工间盘置换术,年龄27-55岁,平均42.3岁,置换节段C_(4-5)5例,C_(5-6)10例,C_(6-7)7例。测量术前及末次随访时颈椎曲度和活动度。结果随访时间3-26个月,平均9.3个月。术后颈椎整体曲度和置换节段局部曲度均较术前改善:颈椎整体曲度术前(0.91±9.77)°,术后(4.91±10.67)°,脊柱功能单位角术前(0.23±5.17)°,术后(5.73±4.45)°,置换节段前柱高度术前(34.07±3.29)mm,术后(35.73±3.46)mm,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时,颈椎整体活动度、置换节段活动度、相邻节段活动度较术前差异均无统计学意义。结论Mobi-C置换术后颈椎整体曲度和置换节段局部曲度均较术前改善,保留了置换节段活动度,相邻节段活动度无明显增大。

Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化的临床研究

目的分析Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病的异位骨化形成原因及防治对策。方法回顾性分析23例应用Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗的颈椎病患者。在术前、术后1周及末次随访时的颈椎X线片上测量置换节段矢状位、冠状位活动度,并根据Mc Afee分级法判断末次随访时置换节段的异位骨化情况。结果术后患者23例患者均获随访,时间27~36个月。末次随访置换节段矢状位活动范围（5.5±2.2）°;冠状位左右侧屈活动范围分别为（3.4±1.2）°和（3.6±0.8）°。共有5例患者在末次随访时出现置换节段假体周围异位骨化,发生率21.7%。结论 DISCOVER人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病存在一定的异位骨化发生率,与文献报道相符,术者应有意识地预防异位骨化的发生以避免置换节段的活动度丢失。

DISCOVER人工颈椎间盘置换在颈椎病治疗中的初期疗效观察

目的探讨应用DISCOVER人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病的短期临床疗效。方法采用DISCOVER人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病患者12例,其中脊髓型8例,神经根型4例。统计并分析患者术前和术后1、6个月及末次随访时颈椎运动范围、置换节段活动度、相邻节段活动度进行影像学评估,术前及末次随访时NDI脊髓功能评分及颈部疼痛及上肢疼痛VAS评分进行临床疗效评估。结果所有患者随访9～18个月,平均14个月。术后临床症状明显改善或消失,NDI评分由术前(54.2±13.2)%提高到末次随访时的(24.0±6.8)%(P<0.01),颈部疼痛由术前的(5.6±1.8)分提高到末次随访时的(1.8±0.9)分,上肢疼痛由术前的(4.5±2.1)分提高到末次随访时的(1.0±0.5)分,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。按照Odom’s评定标准,末次随访时:优8例,良3例,可1例,优良率91.7%。术后随访X线片示椎间隙高度及生理曲度恢复满意,术后1个月随访时颈椎运动范围、置换节段的活动度及相邻节段活动度较术前减少,有显著性改善(P<0.01),但是术后半年及末次随访时恢复到术前水平,无显著性差异(P>0.01)。所有病例未发生脊髓及神经根损伤,无假体脱落及异位骨化等并发症发生。结论应用DISCOVER人工椎间盘置换术治疗颈椎病早期临床疗效良好,中远期疗效有待进一步观察。

Prestige LP和Discover人工颈椎间盘的生物力学有限元分析

目的探讨人工颈椎间盘的结构设计对人工颈椎间盘置换前后生物力学变化的影响。方法基于中国可视化人研究项目的首例男性CT扫描数据图像建立人体颈椎C5-C6节段的有限元模型,使用已有文献数据验证该模型以确保计算结果准确。选用Prestige LP和Discover分别作为不固定旋转中心和固定旋转中心结构的代表建模,在之前所建的双节段颈椎模型上模拟人工颈椎间盘置换术,对置换前后颈椎在常见运动情况下的颈椎生物力学变化进行计算和分析。结果人工椎间盘置换后,手术节段运动范围有所增大,活动度随之上升,过度运动会给后部小关节带来压力,同时导致韧带张力增加,远期可能导致脊柱失稳和手术节段退变。结论不固定旋转中心的假体运动范围大于固定旋转中心的假体,适当限制运动范围可能更有益于人工椎间盘置换后的远期疗效。

不同终板准备方法对ProDisc-C颈椎人工椎间盘假体稳定性的影响

目的:探讨不同颈椎终板准备方法对颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后金属-骨界面刚度的影响,了解终板准备方法与人工椎间盘假体稳定性的关系。方法:取6具新鲜成人尸体颈椎标本,分离出C3～T1共35个椎体(1例C6～C7融合),剔除每个椎体上下面的椎间盘组织,显露出骨性终板,分为:去终板组17个,完全去除骨性终板;保留终板组18个,完整保留骨性终板。在所有椎体的上面安放相应大小的颈椎人工椎间盘(ProDisc-C)后用MTS-858生物力学实验机进行疲劳测试和屈服测试,得到金属-骨界面的刚度、位移和最大屈服压力,从其中1具颈椎标本取出4个椎体(每组各2个)切片行HE染色后用光镜观察金属-骨性界面。结果:疲劳前测试金属-骨界面刚度去终板组为1470±180N/mm,高于保留终板组的1260±170N/mm(P<0.0001);疲劳后测试两组刚度均有上升,去终板组刚度为1990±110N/mm,仍高于保留终板组的1680±140N/mm(P<0.0001)。疲劳前测试两组的终板位移分别为0.45±0.09mm和0.41±0.10mm,无显著性差异(P=0.15),疲劳后测试去终板组位移0.53±0.12mm小于保留终板组的0.66±0.14mm(P=0.005)。去终板组最大屈服压力为1110±350N,略小于保留终板组的1250±230N,但无显著性差异(P=0.27)。组织切片显示去终板组金属-骨界面贴合良好,而保留终板组金属-骨界面有明显的缝隙。结论:不同的终板准备方法会影响到假体金属-骨界面的刚度和稳定性。去终板组金属-骨界面的刚度和稳定性优于保留终板组,良好的金属-骨界面接触是颈椎人工椎间盘假体稳定的关键因素之一。

Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术与ROI-C辅助的颈椎前路减压融合术治疗单节段颈椎病的临床研究

目的比较Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术与ROI-C辅助的颈椎前路减压融合术治疗单节段颈椎病的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年9月在我院治疗的单节段颈椎病患者,对符合标准的35例患者资料进行分组,其中Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术15例,ROI-C辅助的颈椎前路减压融合术20例,术后随访12个月以上。记录手术时间、术中出血量和手术相关并发症。采用日本矫形外科协会(Japanese orthopedic association,JOA)评分、颈部残障功能指数(neck disability index,NDI)及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价临床疗效。颈椎侧位X线片测量手术节段局部前凸椎间盘Cobb角和颈椎整体前凸C 2~7 Cobb角,过伸过屈位X线片测量颈椎整体活动度(range of motion,ROM),对术前及随访时的数据进行比较。结果35例患者均完成随访。两组患者末次随访的JOA评分、NDI评分及VAS评分均较术前有明显改善,两组术前的JOA评分、NDI评分及VAS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05),两组末次随访的JOA评分、NDI评分及VAS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术组末次随访椎间盘Cobb角、C 2~7 Cobb角、颈椎整体活动度与术前相比差异无统计学意义( P >0.05);ROI-C辅助的颈椎前路减压融合术末次随访椎间盘Cobb角及C 2~7 Cobb角与术前相比差异无统计学意义( P >0.05),末次随访颈椎整体活动度与术前相比差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。两组术前椎间盘Cobb角、C 2~7 Cobb角、颈椎整体活动度的组间比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05);两组末次随访时椎间盘Cobb角、C 2~7 Cobb角、颈椎整体活动度的组间比较差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。结论相比于ROI-C辅助的颈椎前路减压融合术,Mobi-C人工颈椎间盘置换术可以取得与前路减压融合内固定术相同的临床效果,而且更好地保持了颈椎活动度,可以作为颈椎病的有效治疗方法.

Discover颈椎间盘置换对颈椎曲度和置换节段的影响

目的观察单节段Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术及颈椎前路减压融合术后颈椎整体曲度和置换节段活动度的变化情况,分析其临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年3月治疗的48例颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症患者,其中18例行Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术（置换组）,男8例,女10例,年龄31-58岁,平均44.2岁;30例行颈椎前路减压融合术（融合组）,男13例,女17例,年龄35-68岁,平均49.8岁。测量手术前后和末次随访时置换节段活动度（range of motion,ROM）,置换节段脊柱功能单位（functional spinal unit,FSU）Cobb角和颈椎整体曲度（C2-7Cobb角）。结果两组患者均获得12个月以上随访,末次随访置换节段屈伸活动度置换组较术前稍增加,左右侧屈活动度无明显变化,而融合组屈伸及左右侧屈活动度较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组间末次随访相比较,融合组屈伸及左右侧屈活动度明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。末次随访FSU置换组较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而融合组无明显变化;两组间末次随访相比较,置换组明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。末次随访颈椎曲度置换组较术前稍增加,而融合组较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组间末次随访相比较,融合组明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论单节段Discover人工颈椎间盘置换术后对颈椎整体曲度及置换节段活动度的影响小,与传统前路减压融合术相比,可以较好发挥其对颈椎的保护作用。

Mobi-c人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨人工颈椎间盘置换术用于治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:2008年6月～2010年9月,对18例保守治疗无效患者的22个节段进行了人工颈椎间盘置换术,男12例,女6例;年龄35～54岁,平均40±2.6岁。单节段14例,双节段4例,术后随访12个月～18个月,平均12.4±1.6个月。结果:所有患者伤口均1期临床愈合,术中及术后没有神经和血管损伤的并发症,结合术前术后颈椎活动范围检查、神经系统症状、JOA评分及影像学检查,置换节段稳定并部分恢复了颈椎正常的活动范围,患者神经系统症状均获得满意改善,JoA评分较术前明显升高,术后随访X线检查与术前比较生理弯曲改善,后凸生理弯曲纠正,人工颈椎间盘与上下终板紧密贴合,无假体松动,无失稳及脱位。CT及MRI结果未见脊髓及神经根重新受压,邻近节段椎间盘未见明显退变,未见易位骨化发生。结论:颈椎人工椎间盘手术操作简单,减压彻底,与颈椎前路椎间盘摘除植骨融合术最大的不同点是患者恢复快,没有颈椎活动受限的缺陷。脊髓及神经根受压明显解除,重建了满意的椎间隙高度及生理弯曲,并且更重要的是恢复了椎间关节的活动度。由于维持了正常的生物运动力学,可避免或防止邻近节段的退变,预期具有良好的远期疗效。

The Artificial Disc Nucleus and Other Strategies for Replacement of the Nucleus Pulposus:Past,Present and Future Designs for an Emerging Surgical Solution

Nucleus Pulposus(NP)Replacement is a developing surgical methodology for the treatment of pathology related to degeneration of intervertebral discs(IVDs).This article provides necessary context regarding the patholo-gies treated with this technology,the biomechanical structure and function of the IVD,and the procedures this technology aims to replace.Primarily,it provides an overview and discussion of commercial and experimental preformed and in situ curing prosthesis designs reported in the scientific literature and summarizes the results of biomechanical and clinical studies evaluating their efficacy.Contextual and updated information on the most recent research into NP replacement with novel hydrogel and tissue engineering(TE)strategies is described.Replacement of the NP allows for potential improvement in the treatment of degenerative spinal pathologies through minimally invasive surgical techniques.

单节段ProDisc-C颈椎人工椎间盘置换术对颈椎曲度和活动度的影响

目的:观察单节段ProDisc-C颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后置换节段活动度和颈椎曲度变化情况,分析ProDisc-C人工椎间盘置换术的效果。方法:2006年6月～2008年9月对53例颈椎病患者行单节段前路减压、ProDisc-C人工椎间盘置换术,置换节段C3/47例,C4/510例,C5/627例,C6/79例。应用医学影像存储与传输系统(PACS)测量术前和末次随访时置换节段活动度(ROM)、置换节段脊柱功能单位(functional spinal unit,FSU)Cobb角和颈椎整体曲度(C2～C7Cobb角)。结果:随访3～36个月,平均13.8个月。术前置换节段ROM为8.6°±3.7°,末次随访时为9.7°±3.5°,有统计学差异(P<0.05);术前FSUCobb角(前凸为正值)为0.1°±4.8°,末次随访时为3.6°±4.5°,有统计学差异(P<0.05);术前颈椎整体曲度为7.0°±10.2°,末次随访时为8.0°±10.4°,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:单节段ProDisc-C颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后置换节段活动度较术前增大,颈椎整体曲度无明显变化,FSU前凸增大,对于术前病变节段FSU生理前凸变小或轻度后凸的拟行颈椎人工椎间盘置换的患者可选择ProDisc-C假体。

ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期随访病例的异位骨化情况分析

目的:观察ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期影像学随访结果。方法:2006年6月~2008年11月我院骨科行单节段ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗患者中,36例患者获得中长期随访,男22例,女14例,平均年龄44.7±8.1岁(27~62岁)。所有患者过伸过屈位X线片上采用McAfee分级评估假体置换节段异位骨化发生情况和异位骨化位置,采用White方法测量术前和末次随访的置换节段活动度,侧位X线片上采用Kellgren-Lawrence分级评估手术节段术前退变情况,分析其与末次随访时异位骨化的关系。结果:平均随访时间为108.6±27.0个月。36个手术节段术前活动度为9.0°±3.6°,末次随访时活动度为6.4°±3.2°,较术前明显降低(P<0.05)。36个手术节段中有25个(69.4%)节段出现异位骨化,根据McAfee异位骨化分级,其中Ⅰ级异位骨化1个节段,Ⅱ级6个节段,Ⅲ级14个节段,Ⅳ级4个节段。出现异位骨化的25个节段中,异位骨化主要位于假体后方者11例,异位骨化主要位于假体前方者14例。手术节段术前退变Kellgren-Lawrence分级与异位骨化无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:ProDisc-C人工颈椎间盘置换术后中长期随访异位骨化发生率高,降低了置换节段的活动度。