Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Offloading and Service Migrating Policies in Service Caching-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing

Emerging mobile edge computing(MEC)is considered a feasible solution for offloading the computation-intensive request tasks generated from mobile wireless equipment(MWE)with limited computational resources and energy.Due to the homogeneity of request tasks from one MWE during a longterm time period,it is vital to predeploy the particular service cachings required by the request tasks at the MEC server.In this paper,we model a service caching-assisted MEC framework that takes into account the constraint on the number of service cachings hosted by each edge server and the migration of request tasks from the current edge server to another edge server with service caching required by tasks.Furthermore,we propose a multiagent deep reinforcement learning-based computation offloading and task migrating decision-making scheme(MBOMS)to minimize the long-term average weighted cost.The proposed MBOMS can learn the near-optimal offloading and migrating decision-making policy by centralized training and decentralized execution.Systematic and comprehensive simulation results reveal that our proposed MBOMS can converge well after training and outperforms the other five baseline algorithms.

Quality of Service and Security on Cisco Network Devices, Coupled with the Development of a Mobile Application Prototype Software for Server Room Temperature Monitoring

In an era where digital technology is paramount, higher education institutions like the University of Zambia (UNZA) are employing advanced computer networks to enhance their operational capacity and offer cutting-edge services to their academic fraternity. Spanning across the Great East Road campus, UNZA has established one of the most extensive computer networks in Zambia, serving a burgeoning community of over 20,000 active users through a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). However, as the digital landscape continues to evolve, it is besieged with burgeoning challenges that threaten the very fabric of network integrity—cyber security threats and the imperatives of maintaining high Quality of Service (QoS). In an effort to mitigate these threats and ensure network efficiency, the development of a mobile application to monitor temperatures in the server room was imperative. According to L. Wei, X. Zeng, and T. Shen, the use of wireless sensory networks to monitor the temperature of train switchgear contact points represents a cost-effective solution. The system is based on wireless communication technology and is detailed in their paper, “A wireless solution for train switchgear contact temperature monitoring and alarming system based on wireless communication technology”, published in the International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 79-87, 2015 [1]. Therefore, in this study, a mobile application technology was explored for monitoring of temperatures in the server room in order to aid Cisco device performance. Additionally, this paper also explores the hardening of Cisco device security and QoS which are the cornerstones of this study.

Revenue-sharing analysis in the mobile value-added services

This article provides a framework e within which the revenue-sharing in mobile value-added services can be analyzed. It shows that the revenue-sharing ratio between a network operator and a content provider （CP） has no significant effect on prices, market shales or social welfare in the case of nonstandardization. This implies that the revenue-sharing ratio cannot be used as a policy variable.

Auto-Scaling Framework for Enhancing the Quality of Service in the Mobile Cloud Environments

On-demand availability and resource elasticity features of Cloud computing have attracted the focus of various research domains.Mobile cloud computing is one of these domains where complex computation tasks are offloaded to the cloud resources to augment mobile devices’cognitive capacity.However,the flexible provisioning of cloud resources is hindered by uncertain offloading workloads and significant setup time of cloud virtual machines(VMs).Furthermore,any delays at the cloud end would further aggravate the miseries of real-time tasks.To resolve these issues,this paper proposes an auto-scaling framework(ACF)that strives to maintain the quality of service(QoS)for the end users as per the service level agreement(SLA)negotiated assurance level for service availability.In addition,it also provides an innovative solution for dealing with the VM startup overheads without truncating the running tasks.Unlike the waiting cost and service cost tradeoff-based systems or threshold-rule-based systems,it does not require strict tuning in the waiting costs or in the threshold rules for enhancing the QoS.We explored the design space of the ACF system with the CloudSim simulator.The extensive sets of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the ACF system in terms of good reduction in energy dissipation at the mobile devices and improvement in the QoS.At the same time,the proposed ACF system also reduces the monetary costs of the service providers.

Edge Cloud Selection in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)-Aided Applications for Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)Services

In many IIoT architectures,various devices connect to the edge cloud via gateway systems.For data processing,numerous data are delivered to the edge cloud.Delivering data to an appropriate edge cloud is critical to improve IIoT service efficiency.There are two types of costs for this kind of IoT network:a communication cost and a computing cost.For service efficiency,the communication cost of data transmission should be minimized,and the computing cost in the edge cloud should be also minimized.Therefore,in this paper,the communication cost for data transmission is defined as the delay factor,and the computing cost in the edge cloud is defined as the waiting time of the computing intensity.The proposed method selects an edge cloud that minimizes the total cost of the communication and computing costs.That is,a device chooses a routing path to the selected edge cloud based on the costs.The proposed method controls the data flows in a mesh-structured network and appropriately distributes the data processing load.The performance of the proposed method is validated through extensive computer simulation.When the transition probability from good to bad is 0.3 and the transition probability from bad to good is 0.7 in wireless and edge cloud states,the proposed method reduced both the average delay and the service pause counts to about 25%of the existing method.

Research progress on the health status and community management service needs of mobile elderly people

The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management services are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile elderly people have more health and psy-chological problems compared to the rest of the elderly population.Therefore,the community should take a variety of measures to meet their needs and help them to better adapt to the new living environment,and maintain their physical and mental health.This paper aims to summarize recent studies on the physical and emotional health problems of mobile elderly people and related community management service needs.

基于Web Services和Mobile SVG的移动数学查询系统的设计

文中从方便学习者使用异构移动终端进行数学公式及图形查询的角度出发,设计了一种基于Web Services四层架构的移动数学公式及图形查询系统。该系统的服务端使用J2EE开发,客户端使用J2ME开发,以支持学习者通过不同分辨率、不同操作系统的移动设备查询常用公式、函数及图形,另外,该系统还使用Mobile SVG技术生成矢量数学图形,并将Ajax、gzip等技术用于提升性能,能大大提升查询速度、节省移动客户端的有效存储空间。该系统的架构和所采用的技术克服了目前移动设备访问网络资源速度较慢、存储量较小、分辨率不同等各种影响学习效果的不利因素,因此能为学习者提供更好的移动数学学习支持,具有很好的应用价值。

Bolzano Traffic: An Example of Open ITS Deployment for Advanced Traveller Information Services

This paper aims to present the experience gathered in the Italian alpine city of Bolzano within the project“Bolzano Traffic”whose goal is the introduction of an experimental open ITS platform for local service providers,fostering the diffusion of advanced traveller information services and the future deployment of cooperative mobility systems in the region.Several end-users applications targeted to the needs of different user groups have been developed in collaboration with local companies and research centers;a partnership with the EU Co-Cities project has been activated as well.The implemented services rely on real-time travel and traffic information collected by urban traffic monitoring systems or published by local stakeholders(e.g.public transportation operators).An active involvement of end-users,who have recently started testing these demo applications for free,is actually on-going.

一种基于Mobile Agent的Web Service新型安全模式

移动代理和Web服务相结合的应用在最近几年得到广泛研究,然而,安全问题仍然是一个主要关注点。提出了一种新型的基于移动代理的Web服务安全模式。这种模式提供了一种新的认证协议,而不使用用户名/密码对,因为它对移动代理是不可行的,并且针对当前的安全机制给出了一种替代方法,而不使用基于认证结构CA(Certification Authorities)的公钥基本措施。在这种模式下,人们可以简化密钥管理,并且减少计算量,特别是面向组的Web服务。

Agenice——一种新的基于WebService的MobileAgent理论框架

Mobile Agent和Web Service是两种非常有发展前景的新技术,在科研和工程领域都有着广泛的应用,但这两种技术各有其不足之处。该文首先通过实例分析这两种技术的异同点,然后试着将Mobile Agent和Web Service这两种技术融合成一种新的技术——Agenice(Agent+Service)——智能服务。它将从3个方面来讨论实现融合的途径:(1)虚拟机和中间语言:将用不同语言编写的Agent类翻译成中间态语言,使其能在不同操作系统、不同技术平台下运行;(2)AML:基于语义的Agenice描述语言;(3) 移动技术:实现代码移动和状态移动的方法。

Windows Mobile中的Web Service应用

Web Serivce对于开发者来说已经不再是一个陌生概念了，Web Service允许应用程序通过Internet进行通讯和数据交换。随着微软NET战略的推行，选种可编程的、通过SOAP协议、基于XML的网络协议已经赢得了开发者的心。

基于Mobile Agent和Web Service的移动数据同步模型

数据同步技术是移动数据库的关键技术之一,也是移动系统进入应用阶段必须解决的难题。文章分析移动数据库的结构和特点,针对性地提出了一个基于移动Agent和Web服务的同步模型。模型针对实际运行环境克服了通信网络质量差和数据库选取受限制的不利因素。利用移动Agent技术解决了移动数据库同步过程中的网络不稳定难题。通过部署Web服务把同步逻辑和数据库分离开,并可实现灵活可靠的移动数据库同步。

Adaptive Service Provisioning for Mobile Edge Cloud

A mobile edge cloud provides a platform to accommodate the offloaded traffic workload generated by mobile devices.It can significantly reduce the access delay for mobile application users.However,the high user mobility brings significant challenges to the service provisioning for mobile users,especially to delay-sensitive mobile applications.With the objective to maximize a profit,which positively associates with the overall admitted traffic served by the local edge cloud,and negatively associates with the access delay as well as virtual machine migration delay,we study a fundamental problem in this paper:how to update the service provisioning solution for a given group of mobile users.Such a profit-maximization problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer linear programming and linearized by absolute value manipulation techniques.Then,we propose a framework of heuristic algorithms to solve this Nondeterministic Polynomial(NP)-hard problem.The numerical simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the devised algorithms.Some useful summaries are concluded via the analysis of evaluation results.

Mobile Ubiquitous Service Environment

The Mobile Ubiquitous Service Environment (MUSE),established through the coordination and integration of mobile telecommunications and ubiquitous network,in the pursuit of Always Best Experience (ABE),represents the major development trend for the next generation mobile wireless network. Research on MUSE will involve the integration of the computing model system,service platform system,operating system and terminal structure system,all of which involve exploration and innovation of a new networking structure,its control and management as well as way of measuring. The change in network resources triggers the change in network computing models. To let readers have a basic understanding of MUSE,this lecture introduces it in four sections. This section focuses on the development and demand analysis of the service platform.

Empirical Study of the Usage of Mobile Information Service in Rural Area Base on the UTAUT Model

Based on the UTAUT model,this article introduces three variables including perceived cost,information quality and hedonic motives,and using the level of education as a moderator variable,to build an acceptance model of mobile information service system in rural area.Based on the household survey obtaining firsthand data of 961 farmers in Jiangsu Province,the study tests the improved UTAUT model by using Amos22.0 software.The results show that compared with the original UTAUT model,improved UTAUT model willingness to accept the explanatory power get further increase(from 49.0%to 61.9%).Performance expectations,social impact,information quality have significant positive influence on accepting intend,hedonic motives have a significant negative impact to accept in-tend,convenient conditions directly affect the use of behavior;gender and level of education has a regulating effect to accept intention.Through further grouping path analysis,the result shows that hedonic motives have broader impacts for women farmers accept mobile information services.Compared with other groups,only farmers with primary education are easily afected by others,and farmers with college education or above are more easily afectede by information quality.Finally,this paper explains the results and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly.

A Composite Service Provision Method Based on Novel Node Model in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Composite service provision in mobile ad hoc networks encounters great challenges and its success rate is not satisfactory because the nodes' locations are dynamic and the nodes maybe unavailable at any time.Composite service is built through the service composition.In mobile ad hoc networks,the factors influencing the success rate of service composition are mainly the number of nodes and the time spent for the composition.The node's failure probability is proportional to the length of time the node exist in the networks.In order to improve the success rate of service composition,we take several measures.First,we split the service requirement into several segments and cluster the nodes,so that the nodes' waiting time for service composition can be reduced.Second,we propose a new node model of "one node contains multiple services" in mobile ad hoc networks.Using this type of nodes model,the number of nodes required for service composition can be reduced.These means can increase the success rate of service composition.

Oilfield GIS Service Based on Mobile Platform

With the development of mobile technology, especially the development of 3G and mobile IP, the computational capacity of handsets is becoming more and more powerful, which provides a new method to solve the difficulties encountered in real time GIS accessing caused by the characteristics of mobility and remoteness of fieldwork in oilfield. On the basis of studying in-depth on the technologies of J2ME platform, Mobile SVG and mobile data transfer, etc., and in accordance with the actual situation of oilfield, the design framework of oilfield mobile GIS service is put forward and the schemes of key technologies are given in this paper, which establishes the technical foundation for the construction of “Digital Oilfield”.

On service differentiation in mobile Ad Hoc networks

A network model is proposed to support service differentiation for mobile Ad Hoc networks by combining a fully distributed admission control approach and the DIFS based differentiation mechanism of IEEE802.11. It can provide different kinds of QoS (Quality of Service) for various applications. Admission controllers determine a committed bandwidth based on the reserved bandwidth of flows and the source utilization of networks. Packets are marked when entering into networks by markers according to the committed rate. By the mark in the packet header, intermediate nodes handle the received packets in different manners to provide applications with the QoS corresponding to the pre-negotiated profile. Extensive simulation experiments showed that the proposed mechanism can provide QoS guarantee to assured service traffic and increase the channel utilization of networks.

移动计算中基于Mobile Agent的Web Services订阅调用模型

在分析了移动环境的特点以及传统J2ME应用程序Web Services调用的问题之后,针对传统移动环境下调用Web Ser-vices存在的问题,提出了基于Mobile Agent并结合订阅的Web Services调用模型,讨论了该模型的原理以及方法,提出了简单消息通信模式、代理服务器和订阅机制以及移动代理迁移策略。最后,结合该改进模型在中石化胜利油田中的实际应用,总结了它适用于移动环境的几个特点,比较了改进模型与传统模型调用Web Services的效率,表明了其正确性和适用性。

Empirical Analysis on Continuous Improvement of Mobile Content Services＇ Effects on Continuance Use Intention

With the development of intelligent terminals and mobile applications,the influence of continuous improvement on mobile content services to the continuance use intention is more and more significant.Based on the expectation-confirmation theory and information system continuance use theory,this paper proposes a mobile content continuance use model and puts forward related assumptions under the mobile commerce environment by introducing the continuous improvement variables.Questionnaire data are collected from 219 mobile content service users for research,and the hypothetical model is validated by the structural equation modeling.Results show that the information system continuance use model is still valid under the mobile commerce environment,and the continuous improvement on mobile content services have positive impacts on user's expectations after they have experienced certain mobile content services.