Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband networks.However,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing power.There have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial losses.This paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling storms.In this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and countermeasures.We provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding solutions.Another important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a table.This paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference publication.To our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

Review of the Development of China's Mobile Broadband Networks

The year of 2014 saw the beginning of China's LTE,which marks that China has become one of the major engines for the global LTE development.China dazzled in the construction of LTE networks,subscribers,and industry chain.However,the policy formulated around TD-LTE also put China in predicament and brought it many challenges.With this article,we are going to put China's market for mobile broadband networks into perspective,focusing on the development of China's LTE market,challenges that encountered,and the research in this area in the years to come.Besides,in regards to the problems that already appeared,we will,from policy-making,industry-level,and technological points of view,offer our suggestions on how China should do to make this market robust.

Mean Opinion Score Estimation for Mobile Broadband Networks Using Bayesian Networks

Mobile broadband(MBB)networks are expanding rapidly to deliver higher data speeds.The fifth-generation cellular network promises enhanced-MBB with high-speed data rates,low power connectivity,and ultralow latency video streaming.However,existing cellular networks are unable to perform well due to high latency and low bandwidth,which degrades the performance of various applications.As a result,monitoring and evaluation of the performance of these network-supported services is critical.Mobile network providers optimize and monitor their network performance to ensure the highest quality of service to their end-users.This paper proposes a Bayesian model to estimate the minimum opinion score(MOS)of video streaming services for any particular cellular network.The MOS is the most commonly used metric to assess the quality of experience.The proposed Bayesian model consists of several input data,namely,round-trip time,stalling load,and bite rates.It was examined and evaluated using several test data sizes with various performance metrics.Simulation results show the proposed Bayesian network achieved higher accuracy overall test data sizes than a neural network.The proposed Bayesian network obtained a remarkable overall accuracy of 90.36%and outperformed the neural network.

Ultra Mobile Broadband Technology Overview and Competitive Advantages

To efficiently meet the increasing demands for mobile broadband, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) is designed to complement 3G deployments. It is equipped with all the necessary features for optimal support of real-time and best-effort traffic with seamless mobility. This article overviews the UMB technology, and discusses its competitive advantages, which are fast time to market, flexible deployment options, inherently designed for real-time services and flexible IP-based network architecture. Moreover, the article analyzes key UMB design features, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), advanced antenna techniques, Reverse Link (RL) sector capacity optimization, adaptive interference management mechanisms, efficient RL control design, low-overhead signaling, fast seamless handoffs, multi-carrier support and beacons, enhanced terminal battery life, and flexible IP-based network architecture. UMB is well suited to be at the center of the future that melds broadband applications with faster, more capable mobile multimedia devices. UMB’s competitive advantages provide operators with continuous differentiation today and tomorrow.

Forecasts of Mobile Broadband Development in the Asia-Pacific Region

The mobile broadband developed dramatically. Asia Pacific is one of the most important forces in the whole world. Mobile cellular subscriptions in the Asia-Pacific region have increased 22% from 2009 to 2010, much higher than other regions. A compound annual growth rate of data services is almost 100% in the past several years. This paper forecasts the demands of the mobile broadband development and estimates the needs for spectrum resources for next decade in the Asia-Pacific region. In order to make IMT create greater value for the human beings, sufficient spectrum resources are highly necessary.

TD-SCDMA Femto系统部署存在的问题及解决方案

本文分析总结了TD-SCDMA Femto网络部署中存在的一些问题并提出了解决方案,如怎样解决Femto基站与宏蜂窝小区之间的重选和切换,如何实现Femto基站的时间同步,如何降低宽带回传网络时延以提升质量,网络部署初期如何实现跨地区接入。

Admission Control Based on QoS for Third Generation Broadband Mobile Communication Systems

In this paper, a novel admission scheme is proposed which provides high degrees of quality of service (QoS) guarantees for multimedia traffic carried in mobile networks. The proposed scheme combines the admission control and bandwidth reservation to guarantee QoS requirements. It considers both local information and remote information to determine whether to accept or reject a connection. In order to embody the characteristics of the algorithms proposed in the article, two traditional algorithms of admission control are used for comparison. In the end of the paper the simulation analyses are given and the results show that the proposed algorithm can adjust the bandwidth according to the current status of networks and decrease the probability of connections forcibly dropped. The most important thing is that the algorithm is based on the multimedia communications and can guarantee the QoS of real time connections through decreasing the bandwidth of non real time connections.

Energy Minimization for Heterogenous Traffic Coexistence with Puncturing in Mobile Edge Computing-Based Industrial Internet of Things

Puncturing has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the coexistence problem of enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC)traffic. However, the steady performance of eMBB traffic while meeting the requirements of URLLC traffic with puncturing is a major challenge in some realistic scenarios. In this paper, we pay attention to the timely and energy-efficient processing for eMBB traffic in the industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), where mobile edge computing(MEC) is employed for data processing. Specifically, the performance of eMBB traffic and URLLC traffic in a MEC-based IIoT system is ensured by setting the threshold of tolerable delay and outage probability, respectively. Furthermore,considering the limited energy supply, an energy minimization problem of eMBB device is formulated under the above constraints, by jointly optimizing the resource blocks(RBs) punctured by URLLC traffic, data offloading and transmit power of eMBB device. With Markov's inequality, the problem is reformulated by transforming the probabilistic outage constraint into a deterministic constraint. Meanwhile, an iterative energy minimization algorithm(IEMA) is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has a significant reduction in the energy consumption for eMBB device and achieves a better overall effect compared to several benchmarks.

A Power Line-delivered and Lamp-based Broadband Mobile Communication System

A new mobile communications network architecture is proposed to solve four existing bottlenecks that restrict the rapid development of mobile communications,as well as to meet the development demands of future broadband mobile communications. The architecture introduces the Information Lamp (IL),a novel device carrying out transceiver function,as the access point,besides providing light. It fulfills information interaction between the access points and radio access network through the power line (or fiber). The new system,supported by core technologies such as multi-antenna based distributed space-time signal processing and distributed radio resource management,integrates the wired and wireless networks to provide high-speed and high-quality mobile communication services.

Broadband Mobile Data Service Era is Coming

For China’s telecom industry,2009 is destined to be an extraordinary year due to the approach of long-thirsted-for mobile 3G era,which will have significant impact on current work and lifestyles.2009 will also be a year full of opportunities and challenges because the coming 3G era will bring limitless business opportunities and impose more challenges on Chinese telecom operators.The reshuffling of Chinese telecom markets has been brought to an end.The new China Unicom,China Mobile and China Telecom all focus their strategies on broadband mobile data services in order to achieve the objective of a smooth transforming from voice services to data services.Technologically,various 3G technologies and their evolutions become great concerns of telecom operators;while in terms of services,the key for 3G systems is their data services.As a result,high speed broadband data services see an era of rapid development.

Femto技术与组网应用

简要介绍了Femto的标准进展和产业链现状,从网络架构、自配置自优化功能、UE接口控制、位置接入限制、移动性管理等方面阐述了Femto的关键问题,最后分析了Femto的应用场景。

固网运营商开展全业务运营的利器——Femtocell

介绍了Femtocell技术的产生背景、概念、技术特点、实现方式和市场前景,阐述了该技术的引入对于固网移动运营商扬长避短抢占市场的重要意义。

The Future of Broadband Connectivity: Terrestrial Networks vs Satellite Constellations

This paper looks at the landscape of broadband connectivity as consumers welcome disruptive newcomers, the satellite service providers, into the telecommunication and internet ecosystem. It highlights the developments that have made it possible for satellites communication to form a competitive alternative for terrestrial broadband internet services. We motivate discussions on ways and approaches to ensure terrestrial mobile operators construct effective strategy in integrating and working with the newcomers for interconnecting their terrestrial nodes with those of the satellite service providers. We discuss some technology and business perspectives for a healthy co-existence, and postulate that customers’ finances (price consideration) and perception of quality of experience and satisfaction may be the battleground for satellites and terrestrial service providers. Finally, it is concluded that, in the history of human endeavor, smart and effective cooperation has always been the best strategy to fight extinction.

数字基础设施建设对城市绿色创新效率的影响——基于“宽带中国”战略试点政策的准自然实验

本文基于我国280个地级及以上城市2006~2021年的面板数据,利用多期双重差分模型考察“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的影响效应、内在机制及异质性表现。研究发现:(1)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率具有显著的提升作用,并且在一系列稳健性检验后结果依然稳健;(2)劳动力流动和生产性服务业集聚是“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施提高城市绿色创新效率的两种机制;(3)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部城市、大规模城市、非资源型城市中更强;(4)正式环境规制和非正式环境规制正向调节“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的驱动作用。本文为推动数字基础设施建设以及城市绿色创新效率的提升提供了重要政策启示。

预警发布中基于可扩展TTI的动态带宽分配策略

为更好地使URLLC(Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications)与增强型移动宽带业务(eMBB:enhanced Mobile Broad Band)在同一载波频段有效复用,进一步提升混合业务系统性能,提出一种基于可扩展传输时间间隔(TTI:Transmission Time Interval)的动态带宽分配策略。系统根据业务类型进行带宽动态划分;时域上提升URLLC调度优先级;频域上采用不同长度的TTI进行以用户为中心的无线资源分配。动态系统级仿真表明,在不同程度的负载水平下,相比传统无线资源分配算法,该方案能在有效满足URLLC用户时延需求的前提下优化eMBB用户的吞吐量消耗,URLLC用户时延增益最高达到83.8%,提升了5G混合业务系统中不同类型业务的服务质量(QoS:Quality of Service)。

基于Wi-Fi+蜂窝的双通道切片加速系统设计与应用

随着互联网业务的快速发展,人们对加速业务的需求越来越强烈,特别是视频直播、游戏和支付等业务,这些对网络带宽、时延、稳定性提出了更高的要求。为了满足这些需求,把以mpquic双通道加速技术和以移网QoS、宽带加速、城域网/骨干网QoS为主要内容的运营商网络加速技术相结合,实现了一种新型的双通道加速系统。该系统已在视频直播和游戏加速业务中得到应用,并取得了良好的效果。

基于ITS模型的短波宽带移动信道建模与仿真

短波宽带移动信道模型是远程机动平台移动通信系统性能分析评估的基础,现有短波宽带信道模型不能有效表征机动平台移动信道快时变多普勒效应,难以适应机动平台短波移动通信需要。鉴于此,在分析机动平台行为模式与信道时变多普勒效应的映射关系基础上,推导出了机动平台移动信道冲激响应表达式,基于ITS(international telecommunication society)模型提出了一种适用于固定与机动不同场景、不同传播模式、宽窄带融合的短波通信信道模型。利用信道冲激响应与信道散射函数从时域色散、频域色散两个维度对本文信道模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,该信道模型能够基于机动平台运动轨迹实现时变多普勒效应传播复现与信道模拟;也能在运动轨迹未知情况下,基于飞行器种类、机动频率等先验信息,实现具有各态历经性的机动平台短波宽带信道仿真,对机动平台短波移动通信系统效能评估有重要意义。

基于5G技术的铁路综合视频监控系统方案设计

随着我国铁路的快速发展,铁路视频监控业务的需求越来越多样化和复杂化,为此,提出基于5G移动通信(简称:5G)技术的铁路综合视频监控系统设计方案。通过增强型移动宽带、边缘计算、网络切片等技术的应用,可改进既有铁路综合视频监控系统的性能,提高数据传输速率、优化业务,进一步保障铁路运输安全。

车联网中基于进化策略算法与匈牙利算法的资源分配策略

为了提高车联网中高清地图下载业务的吞吐量和降低车队行驶业务的传输时延,提出一种基于进化策略算法和匈牙利算法(Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm and Hungarian Algorithm,ES-HA)的网络切片资源分配策略。构建增强型移动带宽(Enhanced Mobile Broadband,eMBB)切片和高可靠低时延(Ultra Reliable&Low Latency Communication,uRLLC)切片,根据eMBB用户和uRLLC用户功率之间的函数关系求得最佳功率,采用ES算法获得两种用户的最佳带宽,并使用HA实现最佳信道匹配。仿真结果表明,与基于集群的资源块共享和功率分配(Cluster-based Resource Block Sharing and Power Allocation,CROWN)算法、基于基准算法的资源分配策略在总吞吐量、传输任务时延、链路容量及最小吞吐量方面进行对比,该策略在满足车到基础设施(Vehicle to Infrastructure,V2I)链路用户高容量需求的同时,能够提高下载业务的吞吐量和降低车队行驶业务的传输时延。

一种支持多种轨道高度卫星的移动通信终端设计

卫星移动通信具有覆盖范围广、传输距离远且不受地形影响等优点,得到了快速发展和广泛应用。通信终端是卫星移动通信的重要组成部分,通过与卫星及地面站进行无线链路交互,向用户提供话音、数据等多类业务。文章提出了一种适应高轨、低轨卫星的宽带终端设计及实现方案,从硬件、软件、流程等方面对终端的设计进行了详细阐述,并通过系统联试验证了终端的功能和性能。终端设计采用了硬件模块化、软件组件化、接口标准化等思路,并按照功能划分为不同分层,便于独立实现、升级和扩展。