计及可变流量调节模式的电热综合能源系统条件分布鲁棒优化调度

电-热综合能源系统(integrated electricity and heat system,IEHS)可以有效促进可再生能源消纳。构建区域供热系统精细化模型与合理的可再生能源不确定性出力模型是调度IEHS的两个难点。该文首先提出计及可变流量调节模式的IEHS条件分布鲁棒优化调度模型,主要有两点改进:通过构建基于修正模糊集的条件分布鲁棒模型建模可再生能源预测误差与其预测出力信息之间的内在依赖性,提升调度结果安全性与最优性;基于流体能量守恒方程与一阶隐式迎风格式建立可变流量调节模式下的IEHS调度模型,以期充分挖掘区域供热系统的灵活性,促进可再生能源消纳。所构建的IEHS调度模型为含有大量非线性约束的条件分布鲁棒模型,难以直接求解。对此,通过对偶理论与条件风险价值近似方法将条件分布鲁棒模型转化为含非线性约束的确定性模型,并提出自适应McCormick算法用以求解非线性约束。通过不同规模案例仿真表明,所提模型能够降低IEHS的调度成本,所提算法在保证可行性的条件下快速求出问题的近似最优解,最优间隙小于千分之一。

Distribution and mechanism of gently dipping fractures subjected to river incision: A case study from Nujiang River, China

Gently dipping fractures subjected to river incision are widely distributed on rock slopes.In this paper,a rock slope on the Nujiang River(China)is investigated to study the role of gently dipping fractures in the rock slopes evolution.Detailed field surveys indicate that gentle fractures are concentrated in four main zones.Moreover,the kinematics of the fracture system suggest that the genesis of these fractures can be synthesized into a progressive evolution model.This model indicates that the joints begin with the formation of an array of en echelon cracks that are subjected to continued crack elongation and shearing before ultimately approaching one another and interacting to form a complex joint system.Geomechanical analysis is performed to reveal the mechanisms of this genesis,and three main fracture patterns are identified based on the slope stress and are classified with respect to the slope evolution.Based on the detail field investigations and the evolutionary history of the river valley,we propose that intermittent incision by the river was the main factor contributing to the concentrated distribution of gently dipping joints.

A Two-Layer Fuzzy Control Strategy for the Participation of Energy Storage Battery Systems in Grid Frequency Regulation

To address the frequency fluctuation problem caused by the power dynamic imbalance between the power system and the loadwhen a large number of newenergy sources are connected to the grid,a two-layer fuzzy control strategy is proposed for the participation of the energy storage battery system in FM.Firstly,considering the coordination of FM units responding to automatic power generation control commands,a comprehensive allocation strategy of two signals under automatic power generation control commands is proposed to give full play to the advantages of two FM signals while enabling better coordination of two FM units responding to FM commands;secondly,based on the grid FM demand and battery FM capability,a double-layer fuzzy control strategy is proposed for FM units responding to automatic power generation control commands in a coordinated manner under dual-signal allocation mode to precisely allocate the power output depth of FM units,which can control the fluctuation of frequency deviation within a smaller range at a faster speed while maintaining the battery charge state;finally,the proposed Finally,the proposed control strategy is simulated and verified inMatlab/Simulink.The results show that the proposed control strategy can control the frequency deviation within a smaller range in a shorter time,better stabilize the fluctuation of the battery charge level,and improve the utilization of the FM unit.

Effect of Air Distribution on the Transport Characteristics of Solid Particles in the Thermal Storage and Release System of Circulating Fluidized Bed

Solid particle heat storage technology offers a potential solution to the challenges posed by the significant growth of renewable energy sources,particularly in terms of grid security and stability.Consequently,it has the capability to optimize the energy utilization efficiency of the power system.In order to investigate the transport regulation characteristics of solid particles in the thermal storage and release system of a circulating fluidized bed(CFB),a test rig with a capacity of 0.1 MW(th)was established.This rig was utilized to systematically study the transport regulation characteristics of solid particles under the double U-type valve feed structure and U-type valve discharge structure.The experimental findings indicate that the system's design enables efficient and rapid storage and release of solid particles in the CFB.The air distribution mode,specifically the double U-type valve feed structure and the U-type valve discharge structure,significantly influence the feed and discharge characteristics of the ash storage bin.It was observed that the impact of loose air on these characteristics is more substantial than that of the return air,irrespective of the feed structure or the return structure.When adjusting the feed and discharge rate,it is recommended to adopt a scheme that involves coarse adjustment through loose air and fine adjustment through return air.

Numerical analysis of residence time distribution of solids in a bubbling fluidized bed based on the modified structure-based drag model

The residence time distribution （RTD） of solids and the fluidized structure of a bubbling fluidized bed were investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics simulations coupled with the modified structure-based drag model. A general comparison of the simulated results with theoretical values shows reasonable agreement. As the mean residence time is increased, the RTD initial peak intensity decreases and the RTD curve tail extends farther. Numerous small peaks on the RTD curve are induced by the back- mixing and aggregation of particles, which attests to the non-uniform flow structure of the bubbling fluidized bed. The low value of t50 results in poor contact between phases, and the complete exit age of the overflow particles is much longer for back-mixed solids and those caught in dead regions. The formation of a gulf-stream flow and back-mixing for solids induces an even wider spread of RTD.

The Dragon-shape Strategy of China＇s Regional Economic Development and Policy Analysis

According to this paper, the dragon-shape strategy is the optimized option of China＇s future strategy with respect to the geographic distribution of regional economy.

Polarization Mode Dispersion Probability Distribution for Arbitrary Mode Coupling

The probability distribution of the differential group delay for arbitrary mode coupling is simulated with Monte-Carlo method. Fitting the simulation results, we obtain probability distribution function for arbitrary mode coupling.

Coupling characteristics of laterally coupled gratings with slots

Laterally-coupled ridge-waveguide distributed feedback lasers fabricated without epitaxial regrowth steps have the advantages of process simplification and low cost.We present a laterally coupled grating with slots.The slots etched between the ridge and grating area are designed to suppress the lateral diffusion of carriers and to reduce the influence of the aspect-ratio-dependent-etching effect on the grating morphology in the etching process.Moreover,the grating height in this structure can be decreased to lower the aspect ratio significantly,which is advantageous over the conventional laterally coupled ridge waveguide gratings.The effects of five main structural parameters on the coupling characteristics of gratings are studied by MODE Solutions.It is found that varying the lateral width of the grating can be used as an effective way to tune the coupling strength;narrow slots(100 nm and 300 nm)and wide ridge(2μm–4μm)promote the stability of grating coupling coefficient and device performance.It is important to note that the grating bottom should be fabricated precisely.The comparative study of carrier distribution and mode field distribution shows that the introduction of narrow slots can strengthen the competitive advantage and stability of the fundamental mode.

Measurement, modelling, and closed-loop control of crystal shape distribution： Literature review and future perspectives

Crystal morphology is known to be of great importance to the end-use properties of crystal products, and to affect down-stream processing such as filtration and drying. However, it has been previously regarded as too challenging to achieve automatic closed-loop control. Previous work has focused on controlling the crystal size distribution, where the size of a crystal is often defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume as the crystal. This paper reviews the new advances in morphological population balance models for modelling and simulating the crystal shape distribution （CShD）, measuring and estimating crystal facet growth kinetics, and two- and three-dimensional imaging for on-line characterisation of the crystal morphology and CShD. A framework is presented that integrates the various components to achieve the ultimate objective of model-based closed-loop control of the CShD. The knowledge gaps and challenges that require further research are also identified.

青海省农牧区典型供电模式研究

结合青海农牧区特点,对配电网各电压等级电网结构、建设标准在典型供电区的适用性和匹配性进行研究,形成配电网的典型发展模式。

Simulation of gas-solid flow in sinter vertical cooling furnace

The velocity distribution of sinter and gas in vertical cooling furnace(VCF)has an important influence on gas-solid heat transfer.Based on the slot model of single hopper in the VCF of Meishan Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,the velocity and particle size distribution of sinter and the velocity and pressure distribution of gas were studied using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method model to obtain the gas-solid flow rule in the VCF.The results showed that the velocity of sinter near the wall and the edge of vent cowl was lower than that in the rest of the same plane.Therefore,the rectangular section of the vertical cooling furnace can be divided into a quasi-static zone,a plug flow zone and a convergent flow zone according to the flow velocity of the sinter.The average particle size and the void fraction of sinter bed were distributed in"W"and"V"shape along the width direction,respectively.The distribution of gas velocity in the furnace cavity was uneven,and the high-velocity area gradually changed from the center to the edge of the furnace cavity with the rise of gas.Reducing the ratio of edge to center gas flow from 2.7∶1 to 0.7∶1 could improve the gas velocity,but could not change the gas velocity distribution.The gas velocity distribution was more affected by the average particle size distribution of the sinter bed.It was suggested that measures need be taken to adjust it to improve the gas velocity distribution in the VCF.

Novel parametric optimum processing method for airborne radar

In radar target detection, an optimum processor needs to automatically adapt its weights to the environment change. Conventionally, the optimum weights are obtained by substantial independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) interference samplings, which is not always realistic in an inhomogeneous clutter background of airborne radar. The lack of i.i.d. samplings will inevitably lead to performance deterioration for optimum processing. In this paper, a novel parametric adaptive processing method is proposed for airborne radar target detection based on the modified Doppler distributed clutter (DDC) model with contribution of clutter's internal motion. It is different from the conventional methods in that the adaptive weights are determined by two parameters of DDC model, i.e., angular center and spread. A low-complexity nonlinear operators approach is also proposed to estimate these parameters. Simulation and performance analysis are also provided to show that the proposed method can remarkably reduce the dependence of i.i.d. samplings and it is computationally efficient for practical use.

Ground and Low-Lying Collective States of Rotating Three-Boson System

The ground and low-lying collective states of a rotating system of N=3 bosons harmonically confined in quasi-two-dimension and interacting via repulsive finite-range Gaussian potential is studied in weakly to moderately interacting regime.The N-body Hamiltonian matrix is diagonalized in subspaces of quantized total angular momenta 0 ≤ L ≤ 4N to obtain the ground and low-lying eigenstates.Our numerical results show that breathing modes with N-body eigenenergy spacing of 2hω⊥,known to exist in strictly 2D system with zero-range(δ-function) interaction potential,may as well exist in quasi-2D system with finite-range Gaussian interaction potential.To gain an insight into the many-body states,the von Neumann entropy is calculated as a measure of quantum correlation and the conditional probability distribution is analyzed for the internal structure of the eigenstates.In the rapidly rotating regime the ground state in angular momentum subspaces L=(q/2)N(N-1) with q=2,4 is found to exhibit the anticorrelation structure suggesting that it may variationally be described by a Bose–Laughlin like state.We further observe that the first breathing mode exhibits features similar to the Bose–Laughlin state in having eigenenergy,von Neumann entropy and internal structure independent of interaction for the three-boson system considered here.On the contrary,for eigenstates lying between the Bose–Laughlin like ground state and the first breathing mode,values of eigenenergy,von Neumann entropy and internal structure are found to vary with interaction.