Optimal selection of tests for fault detection and isolation in multi-operating mode system

The complex systems are often in the structure of multi-operating modes, and the components implementing system functions are different under different operation modes, which results in the problems that components often fail in different operating modes, faults can be only detected in specified operating modes, tests can be available in specified operating modes,and the cost and efficiency of detecting and isolating faults are different under different operating modes and isolation levels. Aiming at these problems, an optimal test selection method for fault detection and isolation in the multi-operating mode system is proposed by using the fault pair coding and rollout algorithm. Firstly,the faults in fault-test correlation matrices under different operating modes are combined to fault-pairs, which is used to construct the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes.Secondly, the final fault pair-test correlation matrix of the multioperating mode system is obtained by operating the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes. Based on the final fault pair-test correlation matrix, the necessary tests are selected by the rollout algorithm orderly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by examples of the optimal test selection in the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to different levels. The result shows that the proposed method can effectively mine the fault detection and isolation ability of tests and it is suitable for the optimal test selection of the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to the replacement unit and specific fault.

Study of Vehicle Exhaust Variation with Test Modes

Nowadays harmful gas in vehicle exhaust has pollute d air heavily. To prevent the environment from polluting, the request of emissions control legislation becomes more stringent. New legislation prescribes not only the emissions limitation of vehicles, but also testing instruments and methods. Test car must be operated on the chassis dynamometer and data must be collect ed and analyzed with prescriptive exhaust analysis system as well. The mass of harmful exhaust gas, containing the concentration and volume of emis sion, which is independent from the model of automobile and engine, can be used as a criterion to evaluate the pollution of an automobile. Constant Volume Sampl e System (CVS) is used to measure vehicle emissions, but it is too expensive to apply extensively. The Vehicle Mass Analysis System(Vmas), a new vehicle exhaust mass analysis system produced in USA late 1990s,is used to test and analyze veh icle exhaust. As a test instrument, it has the virtue of cheapness and easy mana geability. In this paper, Vmas is used to measure the emissions of a light truck CA1020F. A ccording to 15 running modes of Vehicle Exhaust Legislation, the test car is ope rated on the chassis dynamometer and data are collected and analyzed with Vmas. The test results show that it is viable to measure and evaluate automobile emiss ion with Vmas. Most of HC exhaust is produced when the car is decelerating. The major factor that influences the mass of HC emission is the sudden decrease of e ngine load causing incomplete combustion in decelerating mode. Test results indi cate CO and NOx are mainly produced in the process of increasing load. The forme r reason is incomplete combustion and the latter is high burning temperature cau sed by the increasing load. The methods of reducing automobile emission are also discussed in this paper.

Analysis of Incomplete Data of Accelerated Life Testing with Competing Failure Modes

Data obtained from accelerated life testing (ALT) when there are two or more failure modes, which is commonly referred to as competing failure modes, are often incomplete. The incompleteness is mainly due to censoring, as well as masking which might be the case that the failure time is observed, but its corresponding failure mode is not identified. Because the identification of the failure mode may be expensive, or very difficult to investigate due to lack of appropriate diagnostics. A method is proposed for analyzing incomplete data of constant stress ALT with competing failure modes. It is assumed that failure modes have s-independent latent lifetimes and the log lifetime of each failure mode can be written as a linear function of stress. The parameters of the model are estimated by using the expectation maximum (EM) algorithm with incomplete data. Simulation studies are performed to check model validity and investigate the properties of estimates. For further validation, the method is also illustrated by an example, which shows the process of analyze incomplete data from ALT of some insulation system. Because of considering the incompleteness of data in modeling and making use of the EM algorithm in estimating, the method becomes more flexible in ALT analysis.

Mode Innovation of School-Enterprise Cooperation on Food Safety Testing Laboratory Reform

In view of the difficulties about school-enterprise cooperation on food safety testing laboratory reform,the current training program,teaching methods and teaching forms are not suitable for the new platform.This paper provides new ideas and modes to solve these problems,such as integrating the resource elements between school and enterprise,establishing new platforms with the help of external force and innovating the cooperation modes to improve the laboratory,which can fully serve teaching,scientific research and enterprise production.

Precipitation Forecast Test Based on MODE

By testing and analyzing BJ-RUC forecast of one precipitation process,MODE was introduced.MODE could give objective comparison from position of precipitation falling zone,shape and direction,and reflect intensity difference between forecast and actual situation,which comprehensively reflected precipitation forecast performance of the model,and was close to subjective judgment thinking of forecaster.

Shaking test research on connection modes between block infill wall and frame beam

In order to achieve an optimal anti-seismic behavior,or rather stability,the out-of-plane stability of infill wall in frame has been researched with the shaking test of four sets of two-layer infill wall,in which four different connection modes of filled with inclined bricks on the top,disconnection,flexibility and semi-flexibility were adapted.The acceleration and displacement response of the specimens were analyzed under the seismic load.Also,some feasible connection modes were gained by comparing the response of infill walls.Finally,the calculation of earthquake of infill wall was held.The results showed that seismic responses of the infill walls whose connect with frame in form of flexibility and semi-flexibility modes are weaker than others obviously,and their integrality is better.Thus the conclusion could be drawn that out-of-plane stability of the specimens with connection modes of flexibility and semi-flexibility are better than those with the connection modes of filled with inclined bricks on the top and disconnection.The research results can provide evidence for establishing specifications and directing the construction and therefore help reduce the casualties and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.

Current Mode Logic Testing of XOR/XNOR Circuit: A Case Study

This paper investigates the issue of testing Current Mode Logic (CML) gates. A three-bit parity checker is used as a case study. It is first shown that, as expected, the stuck-at fault model is not appropriate for testing CML gates. It is then proved that switching the order in which inputs are applied to a gate will affect the minimum test set;this is not the case in conventional voltage mode gates. Both the circuit output and its inverse have to be monitored to reduce the size of the test set.

Centrifuge model tests of the formation mechanism of coarse sand debris flow

Using the self-developed visualization test apparatus, centrifuge model tests at 20 g were carried out to research the macro and microscopic formation mechanism of coarse sand debris flows. The formation mode and soil-water interaction mechanism of the debris flows were analyzed from both macroscopic and microscopic points of view respectively using high digital imaging equipment and micro-structure analysis software Geodip. The test results indicate that the forming process of debris flow mainly consists of three stages, namely the infiltration and softening stage, the overall slide stage, and debris flow stage. The essence of simulated coarse sand slope forming debris flow is that local fluidization cause slope to wholly slide. The movement of small particles forms a transient stagnant layer with increasing saturation, causing soil shear strength lost and local fluidization. When the driving force of the saturated soil exceeds the resisting force, debris flow happens on the coarse sand slope immediately.

Architecture and Methodology of Unit Testing Embedding Pair-Wise Mode for Small Team

In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit testing for the new organizing mode should have three aspects, including self-checking, cross-testing and independent-testing. For cross-testing, executing “pair-wise” mode, mainly tackles data testing, function testing and state testing, which function testing must be done by details and state testing must be considered for completeness. With the specializing of independent-testing, it should be taken as more rigid testing without arbitrariness. Consequently, strategy and measure are addressed for data testing focusing on boundary testing and function/state testing. And organizing method of procedure and key points of tackling unit testing are investigated for the new organizing mode. In order to assess the validity of our study and approach, a series of actual examples are demonstrated for GUI software. The result indicates that the execution of unit testing for the new organizing mode is effective and applicable.

Research on the Equivalence Between Double Differential- mode Current Injection and Radiation Test Method

There are the application scope limits for single differential-mode current injection test method, so in order to carry out injection susceptibility test for two-pieces equipment interconnected with both ends of a cable simultaneously, a double differential-mode current in- jection test method (DDMCI) is proposed. The method adopted the equivalence source wave theorem and Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT) equation as its theory foundation. The equivalent corresponding relation between injection voltage and radiation electric field intensity is derived, and the phase relation between the two injection voltage sources is confirmed. The results indicate that the amplitude and phase of the equivalent injection voltage source is closely related to the S parameter of directional coupling device, the transmission line length, and the source vector in BLT equation, but has nothing to do with the reflection coefficient between the two equipment pieces. Therefore, by choosing the right amplitude and phase of the double injection voltage sources, the DDMCI test is equivalent to the radiation test for two interconnected equipment of a system.

临床生化检验学混合教学模式的构建及应用

教学团队依托中国大学MOOC平台,搭建了临床生化检验学在线课程。在此基础上,构建了“在线课程学习-临床案例收集-PBL研讨-课后健康教育”的线上线下混合式教学模式。在这个过程中,解决了教与学过程中存在的4个脱节,实现了3个层次的整合,最终目的是培养医学生自主学习和终身学习的能力。

预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩的抗震性能研究

为适应中国铁路建设向高烈度震区快速发展的需要,解决传统预制拼装桥墩墩柱及承台连接位置薄弱等问题,提出一种灌浆波纹管连接的模块化预制拼装桥墩体系,通过设置承台与墩身塑性区域共同浇筑及墩底局部无黏结段增强桥墩的抗震性能。制作1个局部无黏结整体现浇铁路重力式桥墩模型和1个局部无黏结预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩模型开展拟静力试验,并结合有限元分析,进行预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能研究。结果表明:局部无黏结预制拼装桥墩整体连接性能稳定,可通过墩底塑性区域破坏与墩身及节段间的摇摆实现共同消能,其破坏模式表现为墩底塑性区域的弯曲破坏,未发生破坏位置转移现象;局部无黏结预制拼装桥墩等效塑性区域高度比整体现浇桥墩降低,抗侧向水平承载力与耗能能力提升显著,位移延性能力良好,可适应更大加载位移,最终累积耗能增长64.3%;结构接缝位置连接稳定可靠,同等加载位移下等效刚度基本一致,抗震性能得到明显提高;预制节段划分对预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响不大。

开口断面钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振特性及颤振形态研究

为准确评估开口断面双边箱钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振性能和多模态参与效应,以典型的钢-混结合梁悬索桥——怀化洞庭溪沅水特大桥为背景,开展风洞模型试验及数值分析。制作加劲梁节段缩尺模型并进行风洞试验,测试原桥梁结构的颤振性能,分析调整阻尼比、采用气动措施及结构措施对结构颤振特性的影响,采用三维和二维两种颤振分析方法分析设置中央扣结构的颤振模态及多模态参与效应。结果表明:该钢-混结合梁悬索桥存在较明显的颤振起振点,且颤振是以扭转为主的弯扭耦合振动,同时其扭转和竖向振动存在较大的相位差(相差近180°);节段模型风洞试验与三维和二维颤振分析一致得到设置中央扣后,频率较高的正对称扭转模态先于反对称模态发生颤振,且三维与二维颤振分析结果相差不大。

钢支撑-钢筋混凝土掉层框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为改善坡地钢筋混凝土(RC)掉层框架结构抗侧刚度分布的不均匀性,设计了一栋在上接地层设置钢支撑的RC掉层框架结构,按1/4比例提取其顺坡向中榀框架下部5层子结构为试验对象,开展钢支撑-RC掉层框架拟静力试验,观测试件的破坏过程,并对比RC掉层框架试验所得试件的破坏形态,分析试件滞回性能、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能指标。结果表明:试件的最终破坏是以第4层柱底混凝土压溃,梁端混凝土剥落、底部钢筋断裂,顶层柱顶混凝土剥落为标志。与RC掉层框架试验结果相比,钢支撑-RC掉层框架试件上接地柱的破坏明显减轻,柱端破坏分布也更为均匀,避免了掉层框架结构“半层破坏模式”的出现,改善了结构的耗能和抗地震倒塌能力。但试件上接地层相邻上一层的变形和破坏程度较大,应对该楼层的柱端进行适当的抗震加强;设置钢支撑后,试件的滞回曲线较为饱满,并具有良好的延性(正、负向加载的位移延性系数分别可达5.13、5.69),正负向加载的刚度退化曲线也趋于对称。

劲芯水泥土桩复合地基承载路堤失稳破坏模型试验

劲芯水泥土桩可有效提高软土地基承载力,减小地基沉降和提高边坡稳定性。目前对于劲芯水泥土桩的研究主要集中在其承受竖向荷载条件下的工程特性上,对于路堤荷载下桩体失稳破坏模式与计算方法的认识尚不全面。开展1g重力场模型试验,对比研究了路堤荷载下天然地基、水泥土桩复合地基、劲芯水泥土桩复合地基路基变形、桩土应力、桩体应变、桩体破坏形态及路堤失稳模式,并评价了现有刚性桩复合地基稳定性计算方法对于劲芯水泥土桩复合地基承载路堤稳定性分析的适用性。结果表明:相较于水泥土桩,劲芯水泥土桩能有效约束地基土变形,路面沉降约为水泥土桩复合地基的61%~71%,坡外隆起约为12%~46%,进而显著提高路堤的稳定性。在路堤荷载下,劲芯水泥土桩表现出渐进式失稳破坏特征,桩体可发生纯压破坏、压弯破坏和弯曲破坏,且与桩体刚度和相对于路堤位置有关,桩体断裂位置与滑动面位置并未重合。等效抗剪强度法对于劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤稳定性分析具有一定的适用性和应用价值。

不同钢纤维掺量全轻混凝土梁落锤冲击试验研究

由于全轻混凝土结构抗剪承载力较低,因此有必要探究钢纤维的加入对全轻混凝土梁动力性能的影响。设计钢纤维体积掺量为0%、1%、2%共3根适筋梁,对其跨中区域进行落锤冲击试验,并利用LS-dyna有限元软件进行数值模拟,对比分析各试件破坏形态、冲击力时程曲线、跨中位移时程曲线。试验结果表明:在相同冲击荷载作用下随着钢纤维体积掺量的增加抑制裂缝产生和发展的现象越显著,并且裂缝相对更加集中于梁跨中区域,支座处裂缝相对减少。钢纤维的加入不影响试件冲击力最大值,但随着钢纤维体积掺量的增加,各试件冲击力第二峰值与最大值之比增加14%和26%,跨中位移最大值与残余位移分别降低3、8mm与3、7mm。经研究得出钢纤维的加入显著提高全轻混凝土梁抗冲击性能。

基于扩张状态观测器的伺服加载模糊滑模控制

针对电动伺服加载测试台存在的间隙、摩擦等非线性控制问题,以滑模变结构控制(SMC)为主体进行了加载控制器设计。分析伺服加载测试台整体结构,提出一种基于扩张状态扰动观测器(ESO)的模糊滑模控制(FSMC)策略。该策略在使用ESO针对伺服加载系统的外部干扰进行观测的基础上,设计了模糊控制对滑动模态面和滑模趋近律进行自适应调节,提高了系统的动态实时跟随能力和干扰补偿能力,并减小SMC控制器稳定时的抖振现象。仿真结果表明:所设计的基于扩张状态观测器的模糊滑模控制器(FSMC-ESO)对比传统SMC及PID控制具有更好的快速响应性和鲁棒性。

Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点循环拉伸性能试验研究

为研究Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点在地震作用下的力学行为,对11个梁翼缘板与柱段焊接组成的节点进行了低周循环拉伸性能试验,研究了梁翼缘板与钢管宽度比α、厚度比β以及钢管宽厚比λ等参数对节点破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力的影响规律。结果表明:在循环拉伸荷载作用下,Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点的失效模式主要分为连接处焊缝断裂、连接处钢管面板断裂或梁翼缘板被拉断三种;高强钢梁翼缘板与钢管宽度比、钢管柱宽厚比对焊接节点的受力行为影响较大,当宽厚比α由25.0减小到18.75时,节点的应变能减小了134%;当节点破坏时,具有新型焊接通过孔构造的焊接节点极限位移超过传统构造节点近2倍,前者延性性能较好。研究成果可为高强钢管柱与梁焊接节点的抗震设计以及进一步的理论研究提供依据。

循环荷载作用下浅埋坎儿井地基的稳定性研究

坎儿井是中西亚及我国新疆地区的特色地下水利工程结构。随着“一带一路”倡议的提出,在上述地区修建高速铁路不可避免地会遇到与坎儿井交汇问题。低矮路堤下隐伏浅埋的坎儿井暗渠可能会在高速列车荷载作用下塌陷,进而影响上部地基和路基的稳定。通过模型试验研究循环荷载作用下的浅埋坎儿井地基稳定性,探讨了暗渠埋深对地基土压力演变规律的影响,并结合PIV技术分析了地基土体的压缩变形特征及潜在破坏面。研究结果表明:1)随循环荷载增大,暗渠上方的土压力沿地表深度增加由先增后减的演化规律转变为持续减小,且最终均小于水平两侧的土压力;2)随着暗渠埋深增加,地基结构所能承受的最大循环荷载频率增加,在暗渠未完全塌陷时的地表沉降减小,但暗渠完全塌陷后的地表累计沉降也随之增大;不同暗渠埋深地基开始出现较大地表沉降变形的临界循环荷载频率均为5~10 Hz;3)上覆荷载作用下,浅埋暗渠地基土体的高变形区域随暗渠埋深的增加由“倒锥型”转变为“漏斗型”,潜在滑动破坏面在暗渠埋深达到7.5D(D为暗渠直径)后仅发展至暗渠上方;在暗渠埋深5.5D至7.5D之间存在循环荷载作用效果转折的临界点。试验结果为探讨坎儿井地区高速铁路地基的稳定性分析及破坏模式提供了参考依据。

全血混匀方式对糖化血红蛋白检测结果的影响

目的探讨检测前标本的不同混匀方式对糖化血红蛋白(GHb)检测结果的影响。方法收集医院2023年1—4月进行GHb检测的203份临床患者静脉全血标本,采用检测前标本混匀与不混匀两种进样方式,分别检测GHb亚型HbA1c水平作为GHb检测结果。将患者按照年龄(<60岁、≥60岁)、血红蛋白水平(男≥130 g/L、女≥115 g/L为正常,否则为贫血)分组,分析全血混匀方式对检测结果的影响,并计算两种进样方式间检测结果的偏倚。结果不同年龄、不同血红蛋白水平患者的混匀检测结果均高于未混匀检测结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),未混匀检测结果较混匀检测结果出现负偏倚,26例检测结果间偏倚超出1/3允许总误差(6%)。结论检测HbA1c前应将标本进行充分混匀,同时应注意仪器结果页面的报警信息,必要时需重新采血复检或采用预稀释法复检。