Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Human Settlement to Better Serve Displaced People

The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

X语言、方法及工具——支持MBSE的新一代一体化建模仿真技术体系

在当前基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)实践中,基于现有的建模语言、方法与工具,仍难以实现系统设计与仿真验证之间真正的闭环,因此无法完整体现MBSE的全部价值。针对这一问题,本研究较为系统地介绍了新一代建模仿真语言——X语言及其技术体系,具体包括混合系统建模框架——XDEVS,X语言架构及基本要素,X语言支持下基于建模仿真的系统工程方法论——X-SEM,以及面向X语言的建模仿真软件——XLab。基于X语言技术体系可以实现全系统统一建模和一体化仿真验证。最后用一个案例展示了基于X语言及其工具并遵循X-SEM方法论的系统开发过程。

基于WordCloud技术的MBSE发展态势研究

基于IEEE及国际系统工程协会(International Council on Systems Engineering,INCOSE)社区会刊,提取与基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)领域相关的167篇顶刊的关键词和摘要。采用Python及其第三方库WordCloud技术,以可视化形式展示MBSE领域研究内容并对MBSE发展态势进行研究。研究结果表明,MBSE在产品研发全生命周期,应用建模技术来支持系统需求、设计、分析、验证与确认等活动,在系统架构设计方面具有重要作用,将MBSE与安全性分析、可靠性分析方法结合也是MBSE的重要研究内容;系统建模语言(system modeling language,SysML)和对象过程方法(object process method,OPM)分别是目前MBSE研究领域中最受欢迎的建模语言和建模方法;将MBSE方法与本体进行结合是规范MBSE模型表达的重要手段,将MBSE与信息物理系统、数字孪生、并行工程领域进行融合研究是MBSE的重要发展方向。所提研究为使用WordCloud文本分析技术来探索当前的MBSE研究提供了技术路线参考,有助于对MBSE的未来发展态势进行预测。

MBSE在航空飞行控制系统的应用研究

现代飞机系统的复杂性不断增长,传统的开发方法在管理和维护方面变得越来越具有挑战性。首先,对航空飞控系统研发过程在当前系统工程实践方面进行了评估,阐述了传统开发方式的不足和基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)的核心原则和优点,以及在实现中常用的工具和方法;然后,展示了MBSE如何在飞行控制系统研发时使用模型来支持复杂系统的规范、设计、分析、验证和确认的过程;最后,结合先进的MBSE工具和方法的发展,MBSE结合敏捷的开发前景,以及提高MBSE实践的互操作性和标准化的需求对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文研究为利用MBSE方法论和工具来改进飞行控制系统的设计、开发和性能感兴趣的航空工业专业人员、系统工程师提供资源和解决思路。

基于MBSE的鱼雷全电子安全系统安全性与任务可靠性分析

随着武器装备研究的深入推进,传统方法难以满足复杂系统安全性与可靠性分析的需求;为提升系统研发与评估效率,以形式化的系统建模语言分析鱼雷全电子安全系统的安全性、可靠性成为必然趋势;文章在传统安全性与可靠性分析的基础上,基于系统工程开展安全系统建模过程,以功能需求、系统架构、活动视图以及时序逻辑控制作为安全性与作用可靠性分析的构成元素,对系统功能模型进行故障传播建模;最后以安全建模语言构建事故树模型得出安全性与可靠性的影响因素,为引信系统的安全性与可靠性分析工作提供一定参考价值。

基于MBSE的并行数字化转型模式研究

随着企业业务的日益复杂及文档数据越加繁琐,数字化转型成为了必然趋势,对基于模型的数字化转型模式进行了研究。该模式强调数字化转型的同时保持原有业务活动正常开展,通过数字化专家与领域专家合作的并行化模式,构建领域模型数据库,推动数字化转型中对信息的统一配置控制和系统工程全过程数据资产的数字化和模型化。

基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究

面向对流层飞艇起降过程复杂、气象适应能力弱等特殊性,传统基于文本的运行概念分析方法具有设计一致性较差、设计无法有效追溯、验证困难等局限性。基于此,提出了基于模型的系统工程的对流层飞艇运行概念设计方法。首先,建立系统用例与利益攸关者需求的关联关系,保证了设计可追溯性。然后,基于活动图、时序图与内部块图建立对流层飞艇运行场景模型,详细梳理了飞艇运行的执行逻辑与外部交互关系。通过执行状态机对飞艇运行概念模型进行验证,并进一步补充完善利益攸关者需求。最后,通过执行状态机验证了该无人飞艇系统能够满足任务飞行、飞行控制和应急情况响应等利益攸关者的需求。

基于MBSE的柴油机系统设计建模方法

随着国防武器装备对动力要求越来越高,柴油机系统复杂度急剧提升,传统的以文档为核心的系统工程方法已经无法有效满足柴油机高效、准确、可靠的研制需求,为此,在柴油机研发过程中引入基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法。提出了基于RFLP的MBSE的柴油机系统建模流程,及支撑该流程运行的柴油机模型体系,在此基础上,以柴油机某研制任务为例,以模型为核心,给出了基于MBSE系统建模过程及模型实例,对柴油机需求分析建模、柴油机功能建模、柴油机系统架构分析与综合进行了阐述,体现了基于模型的设计方法在柴油机研制过程需求早期验证、功能快速仿真、数据可追溯方面的优势,从而有效提高研发设计效率。

Knowledge-Based Multifaceted Modeling Methodology for Open Complex Giant Systems

In this paper, the structure characteristics of open complex giant systems are concretely analysed in depth, thus the view and its significance to support the meta synthesis engineering with manifold knowledge models are clarified. Furthermore, the knowledge based multifaceted modeling methodology for open complex giant systems is emphatically studied. The major points are as follows: (1) nonlinear mechanism and general information partition law; (2) from the symmetry and similarity to the acquisition of construction knowledge; (3) structures for hierarchical and nonhierarchical organizations; (4) the integration of manifold knowledge models; (5) the methodology of knowledge based multifaceted modeling.

A Triple Nexus Water-Energy-Housing (WEH) Framework Modelling towards Improved Decision-Making in Humanitarian Operations

Given the challenges facing most humanitarian operations worldwide, a change of approach is needed to ensure greater sustainability of humanitarian settlements right from the planning stage. Some studies attribute unsustainability to inadequate provision of basic resources and highlight the apparent bottlenecks that prevent access to the meaningful data needed to plan and remedy problems. Most operations have relied on an “ad hoc ism” approach, employing parallel and disconnected data processing methods, resulting in a wide range of data being collected without subsequent prioritization to optimize interconnections that could enhance performance. There have been little efforts to study the trade-offs potentially at stake. This work proposes a new framework enabling all subsystems to operate in a single system and focusing on data processing perspective. To achieve this, this paper proposes a Triple Nexus Framework as an attempt to integrate water, energy, and housing sector data derived from a specific sub-system within the overall system in the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering. Understanding the synergies between water, energy, and housing, Systems Engineering characterizes the triple nexus framework and identifies opportunities for improved decision-making in processing operational data from these sectors. Two scenarios illustrate how an integrated platform could be a gateway to access meaningful operational data in the system and a starting point for modeling integrated human settlement systems. Upon execution, the model is tested for nexus megadata processing, and the optimization simulation yielded 67% satisfactory results, demonstrating that an integrated system could improve sustainability, and that capacity building in service delivery is more than beneficial.

A Systems Approach to Assessing Sustainability Capacity in Kalobeyei Refugee Settlement in Turkana County, Kenya

Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.

基于MBSE的鱼雷武器装备数字化研制方法

随着未来战争对鱼雷武器装备的研制和运用提出“数字化、智能化、敏捷性”的新要求,为解决鱼雷在传统基于文本研制模式下所面临的总体与分系统、设计过程与生产过程存在割裂,致使发现错误不及时、早期验证不充分、信息传递不完整、模型数据不一致、验证范围不完整以及过程追溯不清晰等切实问题,为缩短鱼雷研制周期,提高研制效率和质量,文中结合先进系统工程方法,融合新技术,在对基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)国内外实践应用研究的基础上,提出基于MBSE的鱼雷武器装备数字化研制方法,将MBSE思想方法与鱼雷技术特点和研发流程融合集成,构建跨阶段、跨专业和跨层级的鱼雷全生命周期MBSE技术体系,提出鱼雷MBSE数字化应用框架及技术路线,提炼了基于MBSE的鱼雷数字化研制过程中需要解决的主要关键技术。该方法可为鱼雷武器装备的数字化研制实践以及全面数字化转型提供参考。

基于MBSE的核反应堆型号研制平台

核能微型小型反应堆是近年来核能领域的一个研发热点,市场前景广阔。目前这些核能反应堆型号处于研发早期和中期,存在需求难以分解完整,以及需求、指标、设计方案、仿真验证、实物试验验证频繁迭代的问题。通过梳理核能反应堆型号研发关键活动,并应用创新的数字化平台和工具,搭建核能反应堆型号MBSE平台,进行型号研发项目、任务、需求、指标、功能、架构等核反应堆全生命周期管理与数据追溯,可以解决型号研发早期和中期存在的问题,提高核能反应堆型号的研发质量和研发效率,提升中国在高科技复杂系统领域的型号创新研发能力。

基于MBSE的船舶动力工程总体设计方法研究

为提升船舶动力工程的总体正向设计能力,研究船舶动力系统工程的数字化设计方法。将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法理论与系统工程方法进行融合,基于自主研发的V-Dats软件平台和图形化的SysML语言,从发电机组辅助系统的需求、行为、结构和参数4个维度进行建模,完成了系统需求—功能—逻辑—物理的过程分析,得到了系统需求架构、功能架构及物理架构模型,并在系统层级开展了闭环验证和确认。通过总结船舶动力工程总体设计流程的体系顶层框架,提出了基于MBSE的总体正向设计方法,研究成果可有效支撑船舶动力工程总体论证与设计。

MBSE应用于系统研发的效能分析

基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)是当前系统工程发展的热点方向。然而,将MBSE应用于系统研发的实际效果有时不及预期,文中针对该问题展开分析。首先,建立了一种MBSE的效能分析模型。基于该模型,在得益方面辨析了应用MBSE的期望得益与实际得益的概念和区别,分析了影响实际得益的系统复杂度和瓶颈问题等因素;在代价方面分析了应用MBSE的建模成本、学习成本、试错成本、过度应用成本。随后,基于效能分析模型解释了应用MBSE未达到预期效能的几种典型情况。最后,基于得益最大化和代价最小化原则,提出了MBSE应用于系统研发的优化建议,并对MBSE的试点和推广提供参考意见。

MBSE技术及其在航天控制中的应用

对基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)的发展及其在航天控制中的应用进行了综述。首先阐述了MBSE的定义及其发展过程,介绍了MBSE的三大支柱:建模语言、建模方法和建模工具,对比了主流建模工具的特点。其次,针对MBSE在航天控制中的应用,从控制系统架构设计、控制系统可靠性与安全性分析、控制系统校核和验证三方面对现有研究进行了综述。最后,围绕多领域联合仿真、控制系统数字孪生以及控制系统智能化设计与优化对MBSE在航天控制中的应用前景进行了展望。

火星维护与管理装置的MBSE架构建模

为了适应未来大型复杂系统设计与功能分析需求,在火星维护与管理装置设计中引入了基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering,MBSE)方法。首先,基于MagicDraw系统建模工具,利用SysML建模语言,以火星表面维护与管理装置为例,从概念层、逻辑层和物理层逐层分解,对火星维护与管理装置进行总体设计,提出火星车和智能机器人两种物理实现方案。随后,为对设计方案进行追溯性验证,建立了从用户需求到系统逻辑架构和指标能力的需求精化映射矩阵。结果表明,火星维护与管理装置的MBSE功能架构设计方法充分保证了用户需求和装置功能架构的紧密结合,提高了系统设计的可追溯性,可为MBSE方法在航天器总体设计提供应用参考。

基于MBSE的运载火箭上升段逃逸救生策略

为提高运载火箭上升段逃逸救生策略的覆盖性和有效性,采用基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering,MBSE)方法开展设计。首先,进行运载火箭逃逸救生任务分析,识别相关系统及其任务需求,建立任务需求模型。然后,根据运载火箭飞行程序,建立不同时刻的主要故障模型,研究提出不同故障的可能应对策略,形成功能需求模型。最后,在逻辑仿真中调用弹道仿真程序,验证了逃逸救生策略的可行性,实现了需求的闭环验证。通过采用该方法,完成了运载火箭上升段逃逸救生任务需求模型化,奠定了全任务周期数字化设计的基础,可为工程实践提供参考。

Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems

Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple ＂design variables＂ on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware＇s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium（Li）-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for ＂scale bridging.＂

基于MBSE的月球科研站任务分析

月球探测完成“绕落回”三步走后,从单点短期探测向建设月面基础设施的月球科研站长期探测转变,给月球探测任务的规划论证、总体设计、系统研制和在轨探测等提出了更高要求。采用基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)思想,提出基于模型的月球科研站系统分析正向流程,以系统模型为载体深入剖析任务总体、任务使命需求和任务应用场景。通过开展基于模型的月球科研站任务分析,初步实现了月球科研站任务分析过程正向化、设计要素定义全量化、设计要素之间的关联表达显性化、月球科研站工程总体单位下发的研制要求有源化。