NARCCAP Model Skill and Bias for the Southeast United States

This paper investigates dynamically downscaled regional climate model (RCM) output from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for two sub-regions of the Southeast United States. A suite of four statistical measures were used to assess model skill and biases were presented in hindcasting daily minimum and maximum temperature and mean precipitation during a historical reference period, 1970-1999. Most models demonstrated high skill for temperature during the historical period. Two outliers included two RCMs run using the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Lab (GFDL) model as their lateral boundary conditions;these models suffered from a cold maximum temperature bias. Improvement with GFDL-based projections of maximum temperature was noted from May through November when they ran with observed seasurface conditions (GFDL-timeslice), particularly for the east sub-region. Precipitation skill proved mixed-relatively high when measured using a probability density function overlap measurement or the index of agreement, but relatively low when measured with root-mean square error or mean absolute error, because several models overestimated the frequency of extreme precipitation events.

Effect of health education based on information-motivationbehavioral skills model on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction

BACKGROUND Vestibular dysfunction(VH)is a common concomitant symptom of late peri-pheral vestibular lesions,which can be trauma,poisoning,infection,heredity,and neurodegeneration,but about 50%of the causes are unknown.The study uses the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model for health education,effectively improve the quality of life,increase their self-confidence,reduce anxiety and depression,and effectively improve the psychological state of patients.AIM To explore the effect of health education based on the IMB model on the degree of vertigo,disability,anxiety and depression in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction.METHODS The clinical data of 80 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the retrospective research objects,and they were divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 cases in each group according to different nursing methods.Among them,the control group was given routine nursing health education and guidance,and the observation group was given health education and guidance based on the IMB model.The changes in self-efficacy,anxiety and depression,and quality of life of patients with unilateral VH were compared between the two groups.RESULTS There was no significant difference in General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scale scores between the two groups of patients before nursing(P>0.05),which was comparable;after nursing,the GSES scale scores of the two groups were higher than those before nursing.The nursing group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)and anxiety and depression subscales between the two groups before nursing(P>0.05).After nursing,the HADS score,anxiety,and depression subscale scores of the two groups of patients were lower than those before nursing,and the nursing group was lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nursing,the Dizziness Handicap Inventory(DHI)scale and DHI-P,DHI-E and DHI-F scores in the two groups were decreased,and the scores in the nursing group were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Health education based on the IMB model can effectively improve patients'quality of life,increase self-efficacy of patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction,enhance patients'confidence,enable patients to resume normal work and life as soon as possible,reduce patients'anxiety and depression,and effectively improve patients'psychological status.

Effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills model based perioperative nursing on pain in patients with gallstones

BACKGROUND The incidence of cholecystolithiasis is on the rise.Use of information,motivation,and behavioral skills can play a positive role in promoting changes in individual health behaviors.However,reports on the effects of information-motivationbehavioral(IMB)skills model based high-quality nursing as a perioperative nursing intervention for patients with gallstones are nonexistent.AIM To explore the application of IMB skills model based high-quality nursing in patients with gallstones.METHODS Two hundred and sixteen patients with cholecystolithiasis treated at our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled and divided into a control,highquality,and combined nursing groups,with 72 patients in each group.The control,high-quality,and combination groups received conventional,high-quality,and IMB skills model based perioperative nursing services,respectively.Differences in clinical indicators,stress levels,degree of pain,emotional state,and quality of life were observed,and complications and nursing satisfaction among the three groups were evaluated.RESULTS After nursing,the time to recovery of gastrointestinal function in the high-quality and combined nursing groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group,with the recovery of gastrointestinal function being the fastest in the combined nursing group(P<0.05).After nursing intervention,cortisol and norepinephrine levels in the high-quality and combined nursing groups were closer to normal than those of the control group 24 h after surgery,with the combined nursing group having the closest to normal levels(P<0.05).After 3 and 7 d of intervention,the patients’pain significantly improved,which was more prominent in the highquality and combination groups.Meanwhile,the pain score in the combination group was significantly lower than those of the control and high-quality nursing groups(P<0.05).After nursing intervention,the emotional states of all patients improved,and the scores of patients in the combination group were significantly lower than those of the control and high-quality nursing groups.The quality of life of patients in the high-quality and combined nursing groups significantly improved after nursing intervention compared to that of the control group,with the combined nursing group having the highest quality of life score.After intervention,the incidence of complications in the high-quality and combination groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),but the difference between the combination and high-quality nursing groups was not significant.Nursing satisfaction of patients in the high-quality and combination groups was significantly higher than that of the control group,with the nursing satisfaction being the highest in the combination group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION IMB skills model based nursing can improve surgical stress levels,degrees of pain,emotional state,quality of life,and nursing satisfaction of patients with gallstones and reduce the incidence of complications.

Health education intervention and its impact on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction:An information-motivation-behavioral model approach

Unilateral vestibular dysfunction is a one-sided impairment of vestibular function in one ear.Incorporating health education in treatment and rehabilitation plans can improve vestibular function,keep negative emotions at bay,and reduce the extent of the condition.This letter investigates the impact of the informationmotivation-behavioral skills model as a medium for health education on patient outcomes.While offering encouraging observations,there are certain limitations,such as the study’s retrospective design,small sample size,use of subjective measures,and lack of longer follow-ups that challenge the cogency of the study.The study is a step toward transforming vestibular dysfunction treatment through health education.

Discussion of skill improvement in marine ecosystem dynamic models based on parameter optimization and skill assessment

Marine ecosystem dynamic models(MEDMs) are important tools for the simulation and prediction of marine ecosystems. This article summarizes the methods and strategies used for the improvement and assessment of MEDM skill, and it attempts to establish a technical framework to inspire further ideas concerning MEDM skill improvement. The skill of MEDMs can be improved by parameter optimization(PO), which is an important step in model calibration. An effi cient approach to solve the problem of PO constrained by MEDMs is the global treatment of both sensitivity analysis and PO. Model validation is an essential step following PO, which validates the effi ciency of model calibration by analyzing and estimating the goodness-of-fi t of the optimized model. Additionally, by focusing on the degree of impact of various factors on model skill, model uncertainty analysis can supply model users with a quantitative assessment of model confi dence. Research on MEDMs is ongoing; however, improvement in model skill still lacks global treatments and its assessment is not integrated. Thus, the predictive performance of MEDMs is not strong and model uncertainties lack quantitative descriptions, limiting their application. Therefore, a large number of case studies concerning model skill should be performed to promote the development of a scientifi c and normative technical framework for the improvement of MEDM skill.

Analysis on Application of Pragmatic Translation Skill Structure Model in Translation Teaching

As the core content of pragmatic translation teaching research,pragmatic translation skill is closely correlated with translation technique and operation field.Viewed from the current English teaching situation in colleges and universities,translation skill is not cultivated as an independent language competence.Moreover,its research is insufficient.On account of this,the author first gives an introduction to pragmatic translation skill and pragmatic translation skill structure model in this paper.On this basis,the author also analyzes the application of pragmatic translation skill structure model in translation teaching.

用T4C模式培养高阶能力:对杜威教学法的重建

约翰·杜威的五步教学法在教育领域具有重要意义。本研究重新审视了杜威的五步教学法,强调该教学法忽视的杜威哲学中的要素:民主、共同体中的交流与合作、对工具的使用、对结果的反思,以及最终作品的产生和共同体的改善。本文通过深入研究杜威著作,结合其中蕴含的其他重要要素提出了T4C模式。T4C模式强调个体的探究性学习(C1代表批判性思维和问题解决,杜威称之为反思性思维或实践)是在共同体中利用工具(Tools,如概念、技术等)以合作(C2)和交流(C3)的方式开展的。这种探究性学习的预期结果是获得创造性的新体验和新工具(C4)。T4C模式为现代社会所迫切需要的工具使用能力、批判性思维、交流能力、合作能力和创新能力等高阶能力,提供了培养框架,其本质在于用高阶能力培养高阶能力,有助于实现杜威社会政治理想中民主与教育的根本关联。

Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclones and Storms over the Southwestern Indian Ocean Region Using the Generalized Linear Models

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and storms (TSs) are among the devastating events in the world and southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) in particular. The seasonal forecasting TCs and TSs for December to March (DJFM) and November to May (NM) over SWIO were conducted. Dynamic parameters including vertical wind shear, mean zonal steering wind and vorticity at 850 mb were derived from NOAA (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis 1 wind fields. Thermodynamic parameters including monthly and daily mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and equatorial Standard Oscillation Index (SOI) were used. Three types of Poison regression models (i.e. dynamic, thermodynamic and combined models) were developed and validated using the Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV). Moreover, 2 × 2 square matrix contingency tables for model verification were used. The results revealed that, the observed and cross validated DJFM and NM TCs and TSs strongly correlated with each other (p ≤ 0.02) for all model types, with correlations (r) ranging from 0.62 - 0.86 for TCs and 0.52 - 0.87 for TSs, indicating great association between these variables. Assessment of the model skill for all model types of DJFM and NM TCs and TSs frequency revealed high skill scores ranging from 38% - 70% for TCs and 26% - 72% for TSs frequency, respectively. Moreover, results indicated that the dynamic and combined models had higher skill scores than the thermodynamic models. The DJFM and NM selected predictors explained the TCs and TSs variability by the range of 0.45 - 0.65 and 0.37 - 0.66, respectively. However, verification analysis revealed that all models were adequate for predicting the seasonal TCs and TSs, with high bias values ranging from 0.85 - 0.94. Conclusively, the study calls for more studies in TCs and TSs frequency and strengths for enhancing the performance of the March to May (MAM) and December to October (OND) seasonal rainfalls in the East African (EA) and Tanzania in particular.

基于IMB的围术期护理对肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响

目的探讨基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)的围手术期护理对肠造口患者自我护理能力及并发症的影响。方法选取2021年7月至2022年6月南昌大学第二附属医院胃肠外科收治的124例肠造口患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=62)和观察组(n=62)。对照组采用常规的围手术期护理措施,观察组在常规护理上实施基于IMB的围手术期护理,比较两组肠造口患者干预前及出院1、3个月时的造口患者自我护理能力与造口并发症的发生率。结果自我护理意愿、自我护理知识和自我护理技能评分的组间、时间、交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组出院后1、3个月的自我护理意愿、自我护理技能评分均高于本组干预前,且两组出院后3个月的自我护理意愿、自我护理技能评分均高于本组出院后1个月时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组出院后3个月的自我护理知识评分高于本组干预前、出院后1个月时,观察组出院后1、3个月的自我护理知识评分高于本组干预前,观察组出院后3个月的自我护理知识评分高于本组出院后1个月时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出院后1、3个月的自我护理意愿、自我护理知识和自我护理技能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者干预前的并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者出院后1、3个月的并发症总发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模式的围手术期护理有利于提高肠造口患者自我护理能力,降低肠造口并发症发生率。

基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果

目的研究基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果。方法选择2021年3月至2022年10月安徽省安庆市立医院接受治疗的患者82例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各41例。对照组采用常规知信行宣教及护理进行干预,观察组在对照组的基础上给予基于IMB模型的知信行宣教及护理。比较两组干预前与出院1个月后药物依从性、疾病不确定感、自我效能。结果出院后1个月,两组依从性得分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组疾病不确定感各项得分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组自我效能得分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的知信行健康宣教及护理,能够有效提高消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者的治疗效果,值得推广运用。

宫腔镜模拟在妇产科技能培训中的应用

宫腔镜是现阶段妇产科医师需掌握的必备手术技能之一,但鉴于宫腔镜检查和手术的特殊性,使其难以通过对患者进行实际操作来提高手术技能。宫腔镜模拟培训是提高医学生及住培医师宫腔镜技能的重要手段,近年来得到国内外学者的重视。文章以国际上最新的研究结果为基础,结合中南大学湘雅三医院宫腔镜培训的经验,对宫腔镜模拟培训的必要性、现阶段宫腔镜模拟培训内容的设置、宫腔镜模拟培训模型的种类及优缺点、宫腔镜模拟培训采用的不同评价体系进行了总结和分析,提示开展相应的宫腔镜模拟培训可在一定程度上提高住培医师对宫腔镜操作的自信心和兴趣,也可以提高其相应的手眼协调能力和基本手术技能,为宫腔镜模拟培训的开展提供一定的参考依据。

PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业临床实习中的应用

目的:探讨PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业教学中的应用。方法:选取本院2019年1月至2020年6月来我院产科实习的学生60名,随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组30名。试验组采用PBL联合医护一体化教学模式,对照组进行传统教学。比较两组学生的理论和技能得分和教学模式的满意度及护理的软技能。结果:试验组理论和技能得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组学生对教学模式满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。教学前两组学生护理软技能各方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);教学后试验组学生护理软技能各方面均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PBL联合医护一体化教学模式在助产专业临床实习中的应用效果较好,能显著提高学生对教学模式的满意度,提高学生护理的软技能。

培养高职学生数学素养的探索研究

本文通过对一个有趣的自然观察现象(“月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后”)案例的数学建模过程的分析,说明如何提高高职学生学习数学的兴趣,从而促进学生的数学素养的提升以及观察分析问题、思考判断、查阅资料、实际操作等能力的提升,最终实现为高职技能型人才培养奠定一定素质基础的目的。

基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的护理干预对功能性消化不良患者心理状态及胃肠动力的影响

目的分析基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型的护理干预对功能性消化不良患者的作用。方法选取2022年12月—2023年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的160例功能性消化不良患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组80例。对照组患者应用常规护理干预,观察组患者在对照组基础上应用基于IMB模型的护理干预。比较2组患者干预前后心理状态、胃肠动力及生活质量情况。结果干预后,2组患者汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均有所下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者胃肠激素一氧化氮(NO)、血清胃动素(MTL)和血清胃泌素(GAS)水平均有所改善,观察组各指标水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者胃肠道生活质量指数(GIQLI)评分均有所提高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的护理干预有利于缓解功能性消化不良患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,能有效增强患者胃肠动力及活力,提高患者生活质量。

德雷福斯技能习得模型的断裂及其弥合——兼论人工智能与人类智能的关系问题

德雷福斯在批判人类智能的认知主义模型的基础上,提出了其著名的技能习得模型,并在表征意向性之外增加了运动意向性的预设。他主张“表征意向性以运动意向性为基础”,并以此指导其人工智能哲学观。但在技能习得模型中,表征意向性与运动意向性之间存在根本的断裂,导致德雷福斯的技能习得模型面临内在的矛盾。这种矛盾源于德雷福斯坚持一种海德格尔式的类人人工智能理解。通过反思与悬搁这一人工智能理解,可以重新澄清表征意向性与运动意向性的关系,弥合技能习得模型中的断裂,并有助于揭示一种对人工智能与人类智能关系的新理解。德雷福斯与技能习得模型的技术哲学意义与这种新的关系理解息息相关。

基于SolidWorks的典型零件三维建模方法研究

以轴套类、盘盖类、叉架类和箱体类零件为研究对象,分析了各类零件的形状、结构和特点,并结合实例,详细论述了SolidWorks中各类典型零件的三维建模方法和技巧,从而提高产品设计效率,缩短开发周期,提升企业的竞争力。

新髋部模型在骨科临床教学中的应用

目的探讨新髋部模型在骨科临床教学中的作用。方法选取2023年3—9月解放军总医院进行规范化培训的46名住院医师为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为两组,每组23名。研究组采用新髋部模型,对照组采用传统老模型。经过培训后进行理论和操作技能考核,并在出科后进行培训满意度调查,明确两种模型在教学过程中的差别。结果研究组操作成绩得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),具体表现在组织保护、操作时间和动作、操作流程和操作熟悉程度等方面。研究组的技能培训和技能考核满意度(9.1±0.8)分、(9.0±0.9)分均高于对照组(8.2±1.0)分、(8.3±1.3)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.370、2.513,P均<0.05)。理论成绩、操作成绩中的助手管理、沟通能力、理论培训满意度上虽高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论新髋部模型可以提高外科住院医师的操作能力,使用者体验好,成本低,满意度高,可以作为骨科技能训练工具使用。

信息-动机-行为技巧模型联合心理干预对乳腺癌术后患者情绪状态及生活质量的影响

目的探讨信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)联合心理干预对乳腺癌术后患者情绪状态及生活质量的影响。方法依据干预方式的不同将92例乳腺癌手术患者分为对照组(n=50)和联合组(n=42),对照组患者给予常规干预,联合组患者给予IMB模式联合心理干预。比较两组患者的情绪状态[抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)]、功能锻炼依从性、生活质量[世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)]、并发症发生情况及干预满意度。结果干预后,两组患者SDS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前,WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分均高于本组干预前,联合组患者SDS、SAS评分均低于对照组,WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后,两组患者术后注意事项依从、身体功能锻炼依从、主动寻求建议依从评分均高于本组干预前,联合组患者术后注意事项依从、身体功能锻炼依从、主动寻求建议依从评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。联合组患者的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,总满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论IMB模式联合心理干预能明显改善乳腺癌术后患者的情绪状态,提高生活质量和功能锻炼依从性,降低术后并发症发生率,从而提高干预满意度。

高素质青年农民信息素养的模型构建及量表编制

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本科层次职业技术教育:一种新模式的探索

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