Objective Model Selection in Physics: Exploring the Finite Information Quantity Approach

Traditional methods for selecting models in experimental data analysis are susceptible to researcher bias, hindering exploration of alternative explanations and potentially leading to overfitting. The Finite Information Quantity (FIQ) approach offers a novel solution by acknowledging the inherent limitations in information processing capacity of physical systems. This framework facilitates the development of objective criteria for model selection (comparative uncertainty) and paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of phenomena through exploring diverse explanations. This work presents a detailed comparison of the FIQ approach with ten established model selection methods, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each. We demonstrate the potential of FIQ to enhance the objectivity and robustness of scientific inquiry through three practical examples: selecting appropriate models for measuring fundamental constants, sound velocity, and underwater electrical discharges. Further research is warranted to explore the full applicability of FIQ across various scientific disciplines.

Droplets diameter distribution using maximum entropy formulation combined with a new energy-based sub-model

The maximum entropy principle(MEP) is one of the first methods which have been used to predict droplet size and velocity distributions of liquid sprays. This method needs a mean droplets diameter as an input to predict the droplet size distribution. This paper presents a new sub-model based on the deterministic aspects of liquid atomization process independent of the experimental data to provide the mean droplets diameter for using in the maximum entropy formulation(MEF). For this purpose, a theoretical model based on the approach of energy conservation law entitled energy-based model(EBM) is presented. Based on this approach, atomization occurs due to the kinetic energy loss. Prediction of the combined model(MEF/EBM) is in good agreement with the available experimental data. The energy-based model can be used as a fast and reliable enough model to obtain a good estimation of the mean droplets diameter of a spray and the combined model(MEF/EBM) can be used to well predict the droplet size distribution at the primary breakup.

OPTIMIZING FORMULATION OF HYBRID MODEL FOR THIN AND MODERATELY THICK PLATES

A 20 - DOF hybrid stress element based upon Mindlin plate theory is developed using the optimization design method for thin and moderately thick plates. Numerical tests consist of the convergency and performance to the plates with arbitrary thickness and shape and of the ultimate thin plate problems.

Applying various algorithms for species distribution modelling

Species distribution models have been used extensively in many fields,including climate change biology,landscape ecology and conservation biology.In the past 3 decades,a number of new models have been proposed,yet researchers still find it difficult to select appropriate models for data and objectives.In this review,we aim to provide insight into the prevailing species distribution models for newcomers in the field of modelling.We compared 11 popular models,including regression models(the generalized linear model,the generalized additive model,the multivariate adaptive regression splines model and hierarchical modelling),classification models(mixture discriminant analysis,the generalized boosting model,and classification and regression tree analysis)and complex models(artificial neural network,random forest,genetic algorithm for rule set production and maximum entropy approaches).Our objectives are:(i)to compare the strengths and weaknesses of the models,their characteristics and identify suitable situations for their use(in terms of data type and species-environment relationships)and(ii)to provide guidelines for model application,including 3 steps:model selection,model formulation and parameter estimation.

A natural communication system on genome evolution

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA via RNA to protein and duplication from ancestral to descendent DNA（Crick,1958）.However,the genetic information could not be quantified and mathematically modeled.So it differs from the“information”formulated by Shannon and used in information and coding theories（Shannon,1949）.