Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Human Settlement to Better Serve Displaced People

The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

A Perspective on Smart Process Manufacturing Research Challenges forProcess Systems Engineers

The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.

A Systems Approach to Assessing Sustainability Capacity in Kalobeyei Refugee Settlement in Turkana County, Kenya

Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.

X语言、方法及工具——支持MBSE的新一代一体化建模仿真技术体系

在当前基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)实践中,基于现有的建模语言、方法与工具,仍难以实现系统设计与仿真验证之间真正的闭环,因此无法完整体现MBSE的全部价值。针对这一问题,本研究较为系统地介绍了新一代建模仿真语言——X语言及其技术体系,具体包括混合系统建模框架——XDEVS,X语言架构及基本要素,X语言支持下基于建模仿真的系统工程方法论——X-SEM,以及面向X语言的建模仿真软件——XLab。基于X语言技术体系可以实现全系统统一建模和一体化仿真验证。最后用一个案例展示了基于X语言及其工具并遵循X-SEM方法论的系统开发过程。

基于WordCloud技术的MBSE发展态势研究

基于IEEE及国际系统工程协会(International Council on Systems Engineering,INCOSE)社区会刊,提取与基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)领域相关的167篇顶刊的关键词和摘要。采用Python及其第三方库WordCloud技术,以可视化形式展示MBSE领域研究内容并对MBSE发展态势进行研究。研究结果表明,MBSE在产品研发全生命周期,应用建模技术来支持系统需求、设计、分析、验证与确认等活动,在系统架构设计方面具有重要作用,将MBSE与安全性分析、可靠性分析方法结合也是MBSE的重要研究内容;系统建模语言(system modeling language,SysML)和对象过程方法(object process method,OPM)分别是目前MBSE研究领域中最受欢迎的建模语言和建模方法;将MBSE方法与本体进行结合是规范MBSE模型表达的重要手段,将MBSE与信息物理系统、数字孪生、并行工程领域进行融合研究是MBSE的重要发展方向。所提研究为使用WordCloud文本分析技术来探索当前的MBSE研究提供了技术路线参考,有助于对MBSE的未来发展态势进行预测。

MBSE在直升机航材支持场景建模中的应用

介绍了基于Rhapsody的直升机航材支持场景建模与开发的流程与方法;通过模型的方式建立用例图、活动图、顺序图和可用于执行验证的状态机来描述航材支持场景;指导直升机航材支持方案设计过程中的需求分析、功能分析和设计综合;探索MBSE方法在直升机运营保障领域的指导作用,为直升机用户航材支持提供初始建议。

The Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering to Rural Healthcare System Disaster Planning:A Scoping Review

Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.

基于MBSE的民机飞行控制系统架构设计

基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)已被广泛应用于复杂系统设计之中。通过构建功能、行为和结构之间的关系,提出一种基于MBSE的多层级递进式架构设计流程。随后,以高度控制需求为导向,对民机飞行控制系统进行了示例化建模。结果表明,基于MBSE的民机飞行控制系统多层级递进式架构设计能够充分发挥数字模型可重用的优势,保证需求与功能、逻辑和物理架构的紧密结合,提高系统设计的可追溯性,可为后续领域层阶段模型设计提架构参考。

基于MBSE的卫星能源系统设计与验证

卫星的能源分系统设计和验证是卫星设计的关键环节。能源分系统具有高安全和高可靠的要求,其设计过程与卫星轨道、光照、工作模式等多重因素耦合,同时需要与机械、热、供电、控制等多学科关联设计。为快速、便捷、全面实现复杂系统的设计和仿真,提出基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering,MBSE)方法,通过模型实现能源分系统多耦合、多产品、高安全系统的显式一体化表达,围绕需求展开多个功能点和性能点的设计、验证与优化。结果表明,所提方法构建的设计验证一体能源设计模型可对系统需求做精细化分析,进而进行功能和结构设计,实现和优化系统性能指标设计,并完成对需求的闭环和验证,在工程中具有高效、明确的应用价值。

基于MBSE的鱼雷全电子安全系统安全性与任务可靠性分析

随着武器装备研究的深入推进,传统方法难以满足复杂系统安全性与可靠性分析的需求;为提升系统研发与评估效率,以形式化的系统建模语言分析鱼雷全电子安全系统的安全性、可靠性成为必然趋势;文章在传统安全性与可靠性分析的基础上,基于系统工程开展安全系统建模过程,以功能需求、系统架构、活动视图以及时序逻辑控制作为安全性与作用可靠性分析的构成元素,对系统功能模型进行故障传播建模;最后以安全建模语言构建事故树模型得出安全性与可靠性的影响因素,为引信系统的安全性与可靠性分析工作提供一定参考价值。

基于MBSE的柴油机系统设计建模方法

随着国防武器装备对动力要求越来越高,柴油机系统复杂度急剧提升,传统的以文档为核心的系统工程方法已经无法有效满足柴油机高效、准确、可靠的研制需求,为此,在柴油机研发过程中引入基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法。提出了基于RFLP的MBSE的柴油机系统建模流程,及支撑该流程运行的柴油机模型体系,在此基础上,以柴油机某研制任务为例,以模型为核心,给出了基于MBSE系统建模过程及模型实例,对柴油机需求分析建模、柴油机功能建模、柴油机系统架构分析与综合进行了阐述,体现了基于模型的设计方法在柴油机研制过程需求早期验证、功能快速仿真、数据可追溯方面的优势,从而有效提高研发设计效率。

基于MBSE模型的武器装备质量工作规范化研究

针对武器装备质量工作的规范化问题,建立了适应海军装备现代化发展趋势和装备质量控制工作的“MBSE”结构模型;采用“V”型技术分析质量存在的问题,设计了影响质量的系统模型及递归图,进行了系统动力学仿真,制订了符合装备质量工作规范化的模型方案,提升各级装备管理统筹装备建设、提高军代室谋划装备管理和军代表“T”人才质量工作。结果表明,该方法对装备质量规范化工作具有实际应用价值和指导意义。

基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究

面向对流层飞艇起降过程复杂、气象适应能力弱等特殊性,传统基于文本的运行概念分析方法具有设计一致性较差、设计无法有效追溯、验证困难等局限性。基于此,提出了基于模型的系统工程的对流层飞艇运行概念设计方法。首先,建立系统用例与利益攸关者需求的关联关系,保证了设计可追溯性。然后,基于活动图、时序图与内部块图建立对流层飞艇运行场景模型,详细梳理了飞艇运行的执行逻辑与外部交互关系。通过执行状态机对飞艇运行概念模型进行验证,并进一步补充完善利益攸关者需求。最后,通过执行状态机验证了该无人飞艇系统能够满足任务飞行、飞行控制和应急情况响应等利益攸关者的需求。

基于MBSE的核电厂应急预案系统的顶层需求分析与接口设计研究

在核电领域,任何意外情况都可能引发严重的后果,因此,制定科学、有效的应急预案系统是保障核电安全不可或缺的一环。作为一种先进的系统工程方法,基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)以其系统化、模型化、可视化的优势,为核电应急预案系统的设计与实施提供了新的思路和方法。探讨了MBSE在核电厂应急预案系统设计中的初步应用,分析了核电应急体系的关键要素以确定其与MBSE方法论的契合度,利用MBSE方法论进行了顶层需求的承接。针对应急体系接口问题,构建了核电应急体系各组成部分之间的交互模型。结果表明,MBSE可以提高核电厂应急预案系统设计便利性和开发效率。

基于MBSE的船舶动力工程总体设计方法研究

为提升船舶动力工程的总体正向设计能力,研究船舶动力系统工程的数字化设计方法。将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法理论与系统工程方法进行融合,基于自主研发的V-Dats软件平台和图形化的SysML语言,从发电机组辅助系统的需求、行为、结构和参数4个维度进行建模,完成了系统需求—功能—逻辑—物理的过程分析,得到了系统需求架构、功能架构及物理架构模型,并在系统层级开展了闭环验证和确认。通过总结船舶动力工程总体设计流程的体系顶层框架,提出了基于MBSE的总体正向设计方法,研究成果可有效支撑船舶动力工程总体论证与设计。

MBSE使能动车组高压系统领域智能高效生成方案

针对采用基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)思想进行产品创新性设计中存在的问题,如需要额外增加大量的建模工作量、难以重用已有的企业丰富设计经验、设计方案生成效率低等,以动车组高压系统为研究对象,提出一套完整的系统架构智能高效生成流程,使能动车组高压系统智能创新设计,具体内涵为:基于MBSE思想,扩展系统建模语言元模型,构建动车组高压系统领域功能知识库和组件库,复用已有设计经验,定义一套完整可行的动车组功能到组件映射规则,设计一个高效的候选设计方案生成算法.以中国标准的250 km/h动车组高压系统为实验对象,提出的方法针对给定的动车组功能模型能够自动生成5个有效的候选系统架构,并从功能性、鲁棒性、风险性、成本、整体性能5个维度评价每种候选系统架构,提升动车组设计师系统建模效率,启发设计师创新过程.

基于MBSE的核动力装置智能化设计

MBSE被视为系统设计升级换代的革命性工具,近些年发展尤为迅猛,已成为近几年来系统工程界研究和应用的热点。MBSE是Model-Based System Engineering的缩写,即基于模型的系统工程。核动力装置设计作为一项跨专业和多学科相结合的大型系统工程,具有技术难度大、投入资金多、质量与可靠性要求高、协作单位多、研制风险高和管理难度大等特点。核动力装置是高精尖工程应用领域的一个重要分支,目前,存在系统设计模式效率不高、创新性不够、技术垄断以及设计质量参差不齐等问题,为改善这些问题。提升核动力系统设计质量和开发速度,进行基于MBSE的核动力装置智能化设计就显得尤为必要。文章采用模型的系统工程思想,围绕上述问题进行研究,提出一种针对核动力装置领域系统智能化设计的方法。

基于MBSE的装备作战概念模型化设计

[目的]为了在装备研制过程中发挥“作战概念”的作用,需形成规范化的作战概念文档(OCD),并解决其模型化设计方法的问题,从而在装备研制中实现系统工程过程从文档中心向模型中心的转变。[方法]针对装备使用作战概念,即ConOps或OpsCon,首先,借鉴美军相关理论和IEEE 29148:2018,ANSI/AIAA G-043B-2018等标准,提出作战概念文档目录的建议;然后,研究基于SysML的作战概念建模技术、基于UML Profiles的作战概念框架设计技术和基于MSDL/C-BML的作战想定开发技术。[结果]该研究工作有效实现了作战概念文档的规范化和模型化设计。[结论]在装备需求论证过程中,通过为系统各方提供一个无二义性的作战概念模型和工程环境,将有助于提高装备需求论证的效率。

支持MBSE的企业信息管理系统发展与启示

多年的实践表明,基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)没有被大规模采用的主要原因之一是缺乏对整个系统生命周期内各类模型进行管理的能力和手段。在此背景下,介绍了模型管理与MBSE、产品生命周期管理(PLM)的概念及其之间的关系,分析了不同行业的模型管理现状,提出了模型管理的解决方案与技术方向,最后给出了建设企业信息管理系统的建议,以期为企业信息管理系统支持MBSE及后续发展提供思路。

国外基于MBSE的列车领域研究现状探析

介绍了基于模型的系统工程的定义和发展历程。分别对庞巴迪和阿尔斯通两家公司在MBSE方面的研究和应用情况进行了分析,具体分析其建模工具和建模实例,还分析了Connecta和Safe4Rail项目的实施过程以及主要的研究内容。分析结果表明,MBSE已经在国外的列车领域经历了学习、探索和应用推广的过程,并在新产品的研发过程中得到了应用,对我国列车领域开展MBSE的研究具有积极的借鉴意义。