Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Human Settlement to Better Serve Displaced People

The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

A Systems Approach to Assessing Sustainability Capacity in Kalobeyei Refugee Settlement in Turkana County, Kenya

Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.

X语言、方法及工具——支持MBSE的新一代一体化建模仿真技术体系

在当前基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)实践中,基于现有的建模语言、方法与工具,仍难以实现系统设计与仿真验证之间真正的闭环,因此无法完整体现MBSE的全部价值。针对这一问题,本研究较为系统地介绍了新一代建模仿真语言——X语言及其技术体系,具体包括混合系统建模框架——XDEVS,X语言架构及基本要素,X语言支持下基于建模仿真的系统工程方法论——X-SEM,以及面向X语言的建模仿真软件——XLab。基于X语言技术体系可以实现全系统统一建模和一体化仿真验证。最后用一个案例展示了基于X语言及其工具并遵循X-SEM方法论的系统开发过程。

基于WordCloud技术的MBSE发展态势研究

基于IEEE及国际系统工程协会(International Council on Systems Engineering,INCOSE)社区会刊,提取与基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)领域相关的167篇顶刊的关键词和摘要。采用Python及其第三方库WordCloud技术,以可视化形式展示MBSE领域研究内容并对MBSE发展态势进行研究。研究结果表明,MBSE在产品研发全生命周期,应用建模技术来支持系统需求、设计、分析、验证与确认等活动,在系统架构设计方面具有重要作用,将MBSE与安全性分析、可靠性分析方法结合也是MBSE的重要研究内容;系统建模语言(system modeling language,SysML)和对象过程方法(object process method,OPM)分别是目前MBSE研究领域中最受欢迎的建模语言和建模方法;将MBSE方法与本体进行结合是规范MBSE模型表达的重要手段,将MBSE与信息物理系统、数字孪生、并行工程领域进行融合研究是MBSE的重要发展方向。所提研究为使用WordCloud文本分析技术来探索当前的MBSE研究提供了技术路线参考,有助于对MBSE的未来发展态势进行预测。

MBSE在直升机航材支持场景建模中的应用

介绍了基于Rhapsody的直升机航材支持场景建模与开发的流程与方法;通过模型的方式建立用例图、活动图、顺序图和可用于执行验证的状态机来描述航材支持场景;指导直升机航材支持方案设计过程中的需求分析、功能分析和设计综合;探索MBSE方法在直升机运营保障领域的指导作用,为直升机用户航材支持提供初始建议。

A Perspective on Smart Process Manufacturing Research Challenges forProcess Systems Engineers

The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.

基于MBSE的民机飞行控制系统架构设计

基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)已被广泛应用于复杂系统设计之中。通过构建功能、行为和结构之间的关系,提出一种基于MBSE的多层级递进式架构设计流程。随后,以高度控制需求为导向,对民机飞行控制系统进行了示例化建模。结果表明,基于MBSE的民机飞行控制系统多层级递进式架构设计能够充分发挥数字模型可重用的优势,保证需求与功能、逻辑和物理架构的紧密结合,提高系统设计的可追溯性,可为后续领域层阶段模型设计提架构参考。

The Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering to Rural Healthcare System Disaster Planning:A Scoping Review

Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.

基于MBSE的鱼雷全电子安全系统安全性与任务可靠性分析

随着武器装备研究的深入推进,传统方法难以满足复杂系统安全性与可靠性分析的需求;为提升系统研发与评估效率,以形式化的系统建模语言分析鱼雷全电子安全系统的安全性、可靠性成为必然趋势;文章在传统安全性与可靠性分析的基础上,基于系统工程开展安全系统建模过程,以功能需求、系统架构、活动视图以及时序逻辑控制作为安全性与作用可靠性分析的构成元素,对系统功能模型进行故障传播建模;最后以安全建模语言构建事故树模型得出安全性与可靠性的影响因素,为引信系统的安全性与可靠性分析工作提供一定参考价值。

基于MBSE的柴油机系统设计建模方法

随着国防武器装备对动力要求越来越高,柴油机系统复杂度急剧提升,传统的以文档为核心的系统工程方法已经无法有效满足柴油机高效、准确、可靠的研制需求,为此,在柴油机研发过程中引入基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法。提出了基于RFLP的MBSE的柴油机系统建模流程,及支撑该流程运行的柴油机模型体系,在此基础上,以柴油机某研制任务为例,以模型为核心,给出了基于MBSE系统建模过程及模型实例,对柴油机需求分析建模、柴油机功能建模、柴油机系统架构分析与综合进行了阐述,体现了基于模型的设计方法在柴油机研制过程需求早期验证、功能快速仿真、数据可追溯方面的优势,从而有效提高研发设计效率。

基于MBSE模型的武器装备质量工作规范化研究

针对武器装备质量工作的规范化问题,建立了适应海军装备现代化发展趋势和装备质量控制工作的“MBSE”结构模型;采用“V”型技术分析质量存在的问题,设计了影响质量的系统模型及递归图,进行了系统动力学仿真,制订了符合装备质量工作规范化的模型方案,提升各级装备管理统筹装备建设、提高军代室谋划装备管理和军代表“T”人才质量工作。结果表明,该方法对装备质量规范化工作具有实际应用价值和指导意义。

基于MBSE的对流层飞艇运行概念研究

面向对流层飞艇起降过程复杂、气象适应能力弱等特殊性,传统基于文本的运行概念分析方法具有设计一致性较差、设计无法有效追溯、验证困难等局限性。基于此,提出了基于模型的系统工程的对流层飞艇运行概念设计方法。首先,建立系统用例与利益攸关者需求的关联关系,保证了设计可追溯性。然后,基于活动图、时序图与内部块图建立对流层飞艇运行场景模型,详细梳理了飞艇运行的执行逻辑与外部交互关系。通过执行状态机对飞艇运行概念模型进行验证,并进一步补充完善利益攸关者需求。最后,通过执行状态机验证了该无人飞艇系统能够满足任务飞行、飞行控制和应急情况响应等利益攸关者的需求。

基于MBSE的核电厂应急预案系统的顶层需求分析与接口设计研究

在核电领域,任何意外情况都可能引发严重的后果,因此,制定科学、有效的应急预案系统是保障核电安全不可或缺的一环。作为一种先进的系统工程方法,基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)以其系统化、模型化、可视化的优势,为核电应急预案系统的设计与实施提供了新的思路和方法。探讨了MBSE在核电厂应急预案系统设计中的初步应用,分析了核电应急体系的关键要素以确定其与MBSE方法论的契合度,利用MBSE方法论进行了顶层需求的承接。针对应急体系接口问题,构建了核电应急体系各组成部分之间的交互模型。结果表明,MBSE可以提高核电厂应急预案系统设计便利性和开发效率。

基于MBSE的船舶动力工程总体设计方法研究

为提升船舶动力工程的总体正向设计能力,研究船舶动力系统工程的数字化设计方法。将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法理论与系统工程方法进行融合,基于自主研发的V-Dats软件平台和图形化的SysML语言,从发电机组辅助系统的需求、行为、结构和参数4个维度进行建模,完成了系统需求—功能—逻辑—物理的过程分析,得到了系统需求架构、功能架构及物理架构模型,并在系统层级开展了闭环验证和确认。通过总结船舶动力工程总体设计流程的体系顶层框架,提出了基于MBSE的总体正向设计方法,研究成果可有效支撑船舶动力工程总体论证与设计。

火星维护与管理装置的MBSE架构建模

为了适应未来大型复杂系统设计与功能分析需求,在火星维护与管理装置设计中引入了基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering,MBSE)方法。首先,基于MagicDraw系统建模工具,利用SysML建模语言,以火星表面维护与管理装置为例,从概念层、逻辑层和物理层逐层分解,对火星维护与管理装置进行总体设计,提出火星车和智能机器人两种物理实现方案。随后,为对设计方案进行追溯性验证,建立了从用户需求到系统逻辑架构和指标能力的需求精化映射矩阵。结果表明,火星维护与管理装置的MBSE功能架构设计方法充分保证了用户需求和装置功能架构的紧密结合,提高了系统设计的可追溯性,可为MBSE方法在航天器总体设计提供应用参考。

基于MBSE的运载火箭上升段逃逸救生策略

为提高运载火箭上升段逃逸救生策略的覆盖性和有效性,采用基于模型的系统工程(model-based system engineering,MBSE)方法开展设计。首先,进行运载火箭逃逸救生任务分析,识别相关系统及其任务需求,建立任务需求模型。然后,根据运载火箭飞行程序,建立不同时刻的主要故障模型,研究提出不同故障的可能应对策略,形成功能需求模型。最后,在逻辑仿真中调用弹道仿真程序,验证了逃逸救生策略的可行性,实现了需求的闭环验证。通过采用该方法,完成了运载火箭上升段逃逸救生任务需求模型化,奠定了全任务周期数字化设计的基础,可为工程实践提供参考。

基于MBSE的核电厂仪控系统设计方法研究

核电厂仪控系统作为大型的复杂系统,其运行场景繁多、逻辑功能和接口关系复杂。以往基于文档的仪控系统设计存在诸多弊端,需通过大量的时间和人力来保证方案的整体性和完整性。通过对核电厂仪控系统设计现有业务流程的研究,结合基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法的特点,应用正向设计的逻辑,提出了一种基于MBSE的仪控系统设计方法。该方法描述了核电厂仪控系统的MBSE模型框架,将仪控系统模型分为两层模型架构,即仪控系统总体设计模型和仪控子系统设计模型。各层模型均按照MBSE方法的运行分析、系统分析、逻辑架构设计和物理架构设计的层级进行建模。两层模型之间相互关联。对各层级建模的主要分析和设计要点进行了研究,形成了完整的仪控系统设计模型建模方案。该方案能够指导核电厂仪控系统设计,实现从设计需求到设计实现的完整性。

Harmony SE在民用飞机设计中的应用

随着民用飞机技术精细化和产品复杂性的提高,民用飞机设计已从传统的基于文档的系统工程转变为基于模型的系统工程,系统表达也从以文档为中心转变为以模型为中心。为进一步提高民用飞机设计中系统建模的模型质量与正确性,进而缩短设计的开发周期与成本,探究以模型驱动及验证为主导的系统工程方法在民用飞机设计领域的适用性,建立民用飞机设计的系统工程框架,用以支持民用飞机的可靠设计与高效交付。以Harmony SE建模方法为切入点,介绍其工作流程和建模思想;分析民用飞机在系统工程实践中出现的突出问题,说明Harmony SE方法在民用飞机系统工程领域的适用性,建立民用飞机设计的系统工程实践体系;以油箱增压组件为研究对象,应用实践体系开展组件级系统工程实践。结果表明,文中所提出的民用飞机设计系统工程体系和方法能够正确合理地分配设计需求并建立完整的系统模型,有助于提升现阶段民用飞机设计的效率与准确性。

MBSE使能动车组高压系统领域智能高效生成方案

针对采用基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)思想进行产品创新性设计中存在的问题,如需要额外增加大量的建模工作量、难以重用已有的企业丰富设计经验、设计方案生成效率低等,以动车组高压系统为研究对象,提出一套完整的系统架构智能高效生成流程,使能动车组高压系统智能创新设计,具体内涵为:基于MBSE思想,扩展系统建模语言元模型,构建动车组高压系统领域功能知识库和组件库,复用已有设计经验,定义一套完整可行的动车组功能到组件映射规则,设计一个高效的候选设计方案生成算法.以中国标准的250 km/h动车组高压系统为实验对象,提出的方法针对给定的动车组功能模型能够自动生成5个有效的候选系统架构,并从功能性、鲁棒性、风险性、成本、整体性能5个维度评价每种候选系统架构,提升动车组设计师系统建模效率,启发设计师创新过程.

基于模型的系统工程统一架构建模语言的标准体系构建

标准化是基于模型的系统工程的基础,随着多架构建模语言已经被应用于多领域、全周期、多层级的架构建模,多架构建模语言的标准化体系也逐渐受到重视。基于国家标准计划《系统与软件工程基于模型的系统工程统一架构建模语言》,提出架构建模语言的标准规范框架,重点阐述两种核心语言规范、支撑规范及领域规范。最后,提出标准的未来发展路径,进而推动多架构建模语言、工具及方法论的标准化进程。