A Book Review on The New Edition of Modern Translation Theory by Miq⁃ing Liu

Based on the earlier work Modern Translation Theory,Mr.Liu Miqing has made a great many modifications in The New Edition of Modern Translation Theory.As the book has exerted a far-reaching influence on the translation field,this paper aims to present a relatively comprehensive review of the book and point out its demerits.

Recent advances of computing coseismic deformations in theory and applications

This paper reviews the recent advances in computing coseismic deformations,and their contributions to seismology and geodesy. At first,an overview on the history of the dislocation theory development is given in the introduction section. Then,emphasis are given on some new developments through few examples in the following sections,such as the new dislocation theory for a 3D Earth model,a new computing scheme on coseismic deflection change of vertical,the relation of dislocation Love number and the conventional Love numbers,the application of dislocation theory applied in satellite gravity observations,the coseismic deformations observed by GRACE,and a new method to determine dislocation Love numbers by GRACE. Furthermore,some advanced theoretical and cases studies are introduced to illustrate how dislocation theory is important in interpret geodetic data,or invert seismic slip for co- and post-seismic processes,using seismic and geodetic data. Final remarks are given in the last section,with discussions,conclusions,comments on existing problems,and expected methods to solve them.

The Dissemination, Influence, and Reception of the Modern Western Translation Theories in China

Modern Western translation theories have exerted a great influence upon the Chinese translation fields. The author of the present paper believes that science has no boundaries and nationality. It is advisable and necessary to learn and absorb what we do not know and then make the best use of the knowledge. The author tries to analyze what the western translation theories have brought to us, the advantages and disadvantage of them, and finally put forward the possible attitude we may take to the western translation theories.

Embedded model control:Reconciling modern control theory and error-based control design

The paper addresses the problem of reconciling the modern control paradigm developed by R. Kalman in the sixties of the past century, and the centenary error-based design of the proportional, integrative and derivative （PID） controllers. This is done with the help of the error loop whose stability is proved to be necessary and sufficient for the close-loop plant stability. The error loop is built by cascading the uncertain plant-to-model discrepancies （causal, parametric, initial state, neglected dynamics）, which are driven by the design model output and by arbitrary bounded signals, with the control unit transfer functions. The embedded model control takes advantage of the error loop and its equations to design appropriate algorithms of the modern control theory （state predictor, control law, reference generator）, which guarantee the error loop stability and performance. A simulated multivariate case study shows modeling and control design steps and the coherence of the predicted and simulated performance.

Fuyan human of 120–80 kya cannot challenge the Out-of-Africa theory for modern human dispersal

Recently,Liu et al.reported a mass collection of human teeth found in Fuyan cave in Hunan province of southern China,dating back to 120–80 thousand years age(kya)[1].Morphological measurement of these samples indicated that they can be unequivo-

Mastering Modern Military Theory

Jiang Zemin, Chairman of thePRC Central Military Commis-sion, said when he receivedofficers above division com-mander level of the army sta-tioned in Chongqing, "It wasn’teasy for Zhang Ke, as a woman,to gain her Master’s degree andget her commission as a deputyregimental commander in acombat troop."

Dualism of the Heisenberg and Schrodinger Approaches to the Quantum States Entering a One-Dimensional Electron Gas

According to quantum mechanics, the commutation property of the energy Hamiltonian with the momentum operator should give the definite values not only for energy but also for the momentum quantum levels. A difficulty provided by the standing-like boundary conditions of the electron gas is that the Hamiltonian eigenfunctions are different than eigenfunctions of the momentum operator. In results the electron momenta are obtained from the correspondence rule between the classical and quantum mechanics given by Landau and Lifshits. As a consequence the statistics of solutions representing not only the energy values but also the electron momenta should be taken into account. In the Heisenberg picture of quantum mechanics, the momenta are easily obtained because the electron oscillators are there directly considered. In fact, the Hamiltonian entering the Heisenberg method can be defined in two different ways each giving the set of the electron energies known from the Schr?dinger’s approach.

Built Heritage Conservation and Contemporary Urban Development:The Contribution of Architectural Practice to the Challenges of Modernisation

An insight into the shared history of built heritage and urban development along the 20th century reveals different attempts to solve the dialectic conflict between conservation and modernisation from the discipline of architecture.This paper makes a review of the nature,aims and results of these attempts,highlighting the contributions to the discussion that originated from Italy between the 1950s and 1980s.It points to the challenges brought by the 1972 World Heritage Convention and the extent of social,economic and urban changes that have contributed to raise awareness about urban heritage in the present time.The article departs from a value-centred framework in order to describe current architectural,cultural,economic and social issues concerning the contribution of architecture and urban planning to heritage conservation in the age of globalization.This insight will delineate new conservation practices,strategies and methodologies,especially relating to the 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation and its declared goal for sustainable urban development.

Valley piezoelectricity promoted by spin-orbit coupling in quantum materials

Quantum materials have exhibited attractive electro-mechanical responses,but their piezoelectric coefficients are far from satisfactory due to the lack of feasible strategies to benefit from the quantum effects.We discovered the valley piezoelectric mechanism that is absent in the traditional piezoelectric theories yet promising to overcome this challenge.A theoretical model was developed to elucidate the valley piezoelectricity in 2D materials as originating from the strong spin-orbit coupling.Consistent analytical and density-functional-theory calculations validate the model and unveil the crucial dependence of valley piezoelectricity on valley/spin splitting and hybridization energy.Up to 50%of electro-mechanical responses in our tested twodimensional systems are attributed to the valley piezoelectric mechanisms.Rational strategies including doping,passivation,and external strain are proposed to optimize piezoelectricity,with a more than 127%increase in piezoelectricity demonstrated by density-functional-theory simulations.The general valley piezoelectric model not only opens an opportunity to achieve outstanding piezoelectricity via optimizing intrinsic variables but also makes the large family of valley materials promising for piezoelectric sensing and energy harvesting.

Spontaneous ferroelectricity in strained low-temperature monoclinic Fe3O4： A first-principles study

As a single-phase multiferroic material, Fe3O4 exhibits spontaneous ferroelectric polarization below 38 K. However, the nature of the ferroelectricity in Fe3O4and effect of external disturbances such as strain on it remains ambiguous. Here, the spontaneous ferroelectric polarization of low-temperature mon- oclinic Fe3O4 was investigated by first-principles calculations. The pseudo-centrosymmetric FeB42- FEB43 pair has a different valence state. The noncentrosymmetric charge distribution results in fer- roelectric polarization. The initial ferroelectric polarization direction is in the -x and -z directions. The ferroelectricity along the y axis is limited owing to the symmetry of the Cc space group. Both the ionic displacement and charge separation at the FeB42-FeB43 pair are affected by strain, which further influences the spontaneous ferroelectric polarization of monoclinic Fe3O4. The ferroelectric polarization along the z axis exhibits an increase of 45.3% as the strain changes from 6% to -6%.

The Legacy of Alois Riegl: Material Authenticity of the Monument in the Digital Age

The Austrian art historian Alois Riegl(1858-1905)revolutionised the European concept of the monu­ment and paved the way towards the codification of the historicity of artefacts at the international level.Today,conservation work and relevant terminology still build upon the principles first outlined in his work Der moderne Denkmalkultus(1903)more than a hundred years ago.And yet,modern information/communication technologies have long challenged the idea of‘age value’(Alterswert),of a monument possessing value simply because it shows‘signs of age’(Altersspuren),through their ability to digitally recreate historical architecture in its original form and thereby to transcend the boundaries of time and space.This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for monument preservation in the 21st century in the light of Riegl’s thoughts on how to perceive(‘visualise’)the past.It investigates the validity of Riegl’s theories in the context of today’s virtual reality/ies at a theoretical level,and their potential for advancement in preservation theory,expanding on historical thoughts rooted in 18th and 19th century preservation theories.By analysing Riegl’s commemorative values,stratigraphic picturing of history’s mate­rial debris,and fear of formlessness,this paper explores digitisation as the driving force for change in attitude from traditional,restrictive thinking to a modern way of thinking which is receptive to new technological developments,including,for example,exploring augmented and virtual realities as a means of achieving the sensory aesthetic ex­perience required by age value.