Integration of traditional,complementary,and alternative medicine with modern biomedicine:the scientization,evidence,and challenges for integration of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using it.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare systems.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine,further termed here as“scientization”.Specifically,we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy,effectiveness,and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine.We also examined the transition from experience-to evidence-based medicine during acupuncture.Furthermore,we explore the development of universal safety and quality control standards.Finally,we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical products.The development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health,resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.

Comprehensive Rehabilitation Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Modern Rehabilitation Training Improves the Spasticity and Motor Function of Hemiplegia after Stroke

Objective:To analyze the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(based on modern rehabilitation training)on the spasticity and motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Seventy-nine stroke and hemiplegia patients admitted to the hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group(39 cases)using modern rehabilitation training,and an observation group combined with comprehensive TCM rehabilitation therapy(40 cases),over 1 month.The clinical index data of the two groups were compared.Results:There were differences in the clinical index data between the two groups.The total effective rate after 2 treatment in the observation group(92.50%)was higher than that of the control group(74.36%)(χ^(2)=4.727,P<0.05).All central sensitization inventory(CSI)and stroke quality of life(PRO)scores in both groups were lower after treatment,with the observation group having lower scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05).The scores of FMA(upper limbs,lower limbs),Barthel index scores,and Functional Ambulation Categories(FAC)scores of both groups increased after treatment,with the observation group having higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive TCM rehabilitation therapy had a significant therapeutic effect on patients with hemiplegia after stroke.It improved the patient’s spasticity,limb movement,and walking function.Their daily living abilities and quality of life were also enhanced.

Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of Chinese materia medica is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.The property of Chinese materia medica(PCMM)is a multi-dimensional expression of the effect of Chinese materia medica(CMM),and it is related to the clinical prescription that fully reflects the clinical effect evaluation of CMM in a holistic,systematic,and scientific way.This paper discusses the source,development,and application of the PCMM by considering not only the five dimensions that constitute the PCMM but also the recognition of the human body and disease as given in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational use and development of CMM.

The Silk Road and Sources of Chinese Medicine Expansion: Part 1 – Materia Medica

The Silk Road stretched over land and across seas connecting Europe,Africa,and Asia.The trade of medicine along these routes has had profound impacts on the populations and traditions they have come into contact with.Chinese Medicine is no exception as it has taken numerous nonnative products and incorporated them into the unique philosophical construct of systematic correspondences that govern its practice.By looking at the four categories of primary source materials and studying the history of medical exchange along the Silk Road,we can determine how and where this information is used in Chinese Medicine.The Materia Medica(ben cao本草)texts are the first source of information for this study that will explore multiple sources to better understand the development of Chinese Medicine in relation to the rest of the world.

Medical Relics Related to Li Shizhen Collected in Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine

This article introduces various editions of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)and displays or collects in the Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),along with many other works on the study of Li Shizhen.Li Shizhen is not only a distinguished physician and pharmacist in the Ming dynasty of China but also a great scientist in human history.The most prominent contribution Li had made was sorting and developing the traditional Chinese herbal medicine,with the compilation of Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),which represented the highest level of pharmaceutical development of TCM from a new starting line.

Adolescence dysfunctional uterine bleeding:perspectives from the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine

Because their endocrine system is not yet developmentally mature,adolescent girls are prone to dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by insufficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.The view of modern medicine is mainly aimed at the secretory function of sex hormones,such as estrogen and progesterone.However,it causes distress to patients because of the susceptibility of their treatment to endocrine system disorders.Traditional Chinese medicine considers the damage to the function of the Conception Vessel and Thoroughfare Vessel as the key to the disease.In this way,we guide the use of traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture and achieve good results.The pathogenesis and management of functional uterine bleeding in adolescence are discussed from two medical perspectives in this article.

Development status and trend of traditional Chinese medicine database

Following the trend of information technology,the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)databases has led to great changes in terms of data.For example,the storage and dissemination medium of data has achieved a shift from paper books to the internet,and the content has expanded from basic information to comprehensive information such as targets and molecular structures of modern medicine.In recent years,the amount of information contained in the TCM databases has grown at an unparalleled rate.However,there are still challenges correlated with the database construction,including insufficient data volume,inconsistent construction standards,and a low level of platformization.Additionally,the prevalence of applications in the field of TCM like network pharmacology,bioinformatics,and artificial intelligence requires a large volume of high-quality data.Generally speaking,the advancements in life science and artificial intelligence technology have outpaced the development of TCM databases.Therefore,this paper compiled the current status of TCM databases,discussed the benefits and drawbacks of various databases,and concluded that the development trend should be comprehensive,platform-based,and tightly integrated with modern life science technology and artificial intelligence technology,so as to provide assistance to the modernization research of TCM.

A Brief History of the Development of Hui Medicine

The Hui Medicine in China, as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history. It originated from the unique medical knowledge and practices of the Hui ethnic group and impacted the health of people of all ethnic groups in the whole nation. Over time, it has continuously absorbed and integrated the essence of various medical systems. In ancient times, Hui doctors made important contributions with their superb medical skills. They passed on their medical wisdom from generation to generation. In modern times, with the development of science and technology, Hui Medicine has also been constantly evolving and innovating, combining modern medical concepts and technologies. It has played an active role in protecting people’s health and promoting medical progress in China. Although facing challenges, it still strives to inherit and develop, showing strong vitality.

Textual Research on Dioscorides and De Materia Medica

The Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica is one of the greatest works in the history of Greek-Arabic Traditional Medicine, and also is an essential medical textbook and pharmacological standard in Europe. This paper studied the historical background, academic characteristics, editions, and significant contributions to traditional medicine of De Materia Medica and Dioscorides. It was concluded that the book has substantial scientific importance and remarkable cultural attributes. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides has both nourished world traditional medicine and promoted the communication and development of medicinal knowledge worldwide. It is significant for us to explore further the related understanding of traditional medicine, history, society, and culture.

The Silk Road and Sources of Chinese Medicine Expansion:Part 2-Formularies

Medicines have been traded along the Silk Road from antiquity until modern times.These products and their associated knowledge have been transferred over the land and sea between Asia,Europe,and Africa.Numerous texts that contain formulas and treatments passed along the Silk Road.Collections of these formulas and treatment methods called formularies contain unique information that informs this transfer of medicine.The texts and information flowed in both directions along these routes and while Chinese medicine influenced foreign medical practices both in history,and today,the incorporation of non-Chinese medicine and information also continues to influence Chinese medicine.

Survey of dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica

The research on the dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica is delayed due to the complexity of its composition, multi-efficacy, multi-targeting and other factors. Many experts put forward relevant research ideas and methods and worked out more and more research results in literature, experimental and clinical categories because of the progress of statistical methods and scientific and technological means in recent years. In this paper, these results were preliminarily combed to show the basic situation of dose-effect relationship research in Chinese materia medica.

Thoughts on the treatment of cancer pain under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine

Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a feature of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of major diseases.Cancer pain is one of the main clinical symptoms of cancer patients,especially those with advanced cancer,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.At present,the principle of three-step analgesic ladder is mainly used in the treatment of cancer pain.However,the side effects such as constipation,nausea and vomiting caused by long-term use of analgesic drugs are often limited by patients'tolerance,meanwhile the pain is not effectively controlled.The mechanism of cancer pain is extremely complex.To fully understand the pathogenesis and syndromes of cancer pain in traditional Chinese,medicine is an important basis for effectively alleviating the symptoms of cancer pain.Chinese medicine has unique advantages in treating cancer pain,such as addiction,drug resistance and side effects.Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer pain,this paper discusses the application of different classifications of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancer pain.

A Review of Study of Yellow Water Disease in Tibetan Medicine Theory

Based on the Tibetan medical theory,the relevant information and diagnosis and treatment ideas of yellow water disease are discussed,and Mongolian medicine also takes its own basic medical theory as the starting point to discuss and explain,while traditional Chinese medicine has made less theoretical description of this disease,but there are also some understandings and treatment guidelines.This paper mainly discusses the cognitive aspects of this disease,starting from the essence,analyzes the relationship between this disease and traditional Chinese medicine diseases as well as modern medicine,and makes a theoretical description for a better understanding of the yellow water disease.

Tacit Knowledge Mining:The Key Traditional Chinese Medical Inheritance

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and a gift to the world.TCM tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge and experiences formed in the process of learning and practice of TCM.The objective of this study is to discuss the importance of TCM tacit knowledge in the inheritance and education of TCM.As the essence of the TCM,TCM tacit knowledge has the characteristics of massive,complicated,relativistic,highly individualized,constantly innovative,the dependence of cultural background and the regional environment,as well as difficult to explicate.It exists in every aspect of the TCM theory and the process of dialectical treatment.Besides the traditional master‑apprentice,family‑based,school‑based,and inheritance and education methods,together with the inheritance based on the books,images,and network platforms,in the process of TCM modernization,a variety of modern theoretical models and computing techniques have also been used in the mining of the TCM tacit knowledge.In this study,we introduced the usage of SECI model,complexity adaptive system,latent variable model,and some of the data mining technologies in the TCM tacit knowledge mining.An accurate and efficient inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge is the key to maintain the vitality and innovative development of TCM.Under the reasonable application and combination of the traditional education methods,modern mining methods,and further the artificial intelligence,the explicit and inheritance of TCM tacit knowledge will get tremendous development,and it could extremely improve the efficiency and accuracy of the TCM inheritance and the TCM modernization.

Our Insights into Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine

This article will present the result of 35 years of studies andresearch initiated by two teachers:Professor Leung KokYuen(China)and Professor Truong Thin(Vietnam).This article will briefly introduce the systems of traditional Chinese medicine,such as Jing(精),Xue(血),Qi(气),Shen(神)and Jin Ye(津液)compared with various systems in modern medicine.

East to west:research progress in traditional Chinese medicine for antiaging strategies

Delaying the onset of aging is considered an important tool for dealing with the global crisis of the aging population.Accordingly,several antiaging studies have been conducted using strategies of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this review,we summarize the current state of antiaging research related to both modern medicine and TCM and provide suggestions for further research.Various theories related to the aging process have been proposed,including the free radical theory,mitochondrial DNA damage theory,telomere theory,cross-linking theory,and intestinal flora theory,and a number of antiaging chemical treatments have been developed using modern medicine.These theories and achievements have resulted in major advancements in antiaging research.TCM is based on practical experience and has a long history with unique advantages in antiaging research.Some antiaging practices such as moderate diet consumption,acupuncture,Tai Chi(a traditional Chinese martial art that can relax the nerves to slow down the aging process),and Wuqin Xi(a traditional Chinese exercise to strengthen the body)have been adopted to maintain health.Several TCMs and prescriptions,particularly those related to medicine food homology,have been used in antiaging treatment,and their antiaging properties have been demonstrated to be effective based on pharmacological experiments and clinical applications.

Production of Chinese Medicinal Herbs in North America:Challenge and Reconciliation

As the practice of traditional Chinese medicine developed in the United States since the 1970s,evidence has accumulated suggesting that an undetermined number of the herbs of the Chinese Materia Medica could be produced in North America.While some attempts have been made to establish production,growers are inhibited by lack of access to capital and technical support.The evidence in support of US domestic production–including(1)historical,(2)sociological,(3)ecological,and(4)agronomic factors–is reviewed.Economic obstacles to this type of production are described,as directly experienced by the farmers,Chinese herbal medicine practitioners,and organizers involved.When analyzed in reference to current trends,however,these economic obstacles appear,at least potentially,as temporary.Because popular demand supported the rise of traditional Chinese medicine practice and the growth of organic food production,these social movements could expand and promote conditions that favor domestic production of Chinese herbs.

Analysis of the Application of“Jing(精)”in Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲自〉Compendium of Materia Medica)

Taking the Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)(Jinling edition金陵本)as the research object and“Jing”as the search term,this article summarizes the quantity of medicinals containing“Jing”in Ben Cao Gang Mu,analyzes the connotation and application of“Jing”in traditional Chinese medicine,and finds that the application of“Jing”in medicine does not deviate from the original meaning of“Jing,”but endows it with the concepts of medicine and pharmacy,and expands the application scope of“Jing.”This study is helpful to understand and use spermicide more reasonably.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF 80 CASES OF PROLAPSE OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC BY COMBINATION OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MEDICINE

cases of prolapse of lumbar intervetebral disc were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. 80 cases in treatment group were treated with combination of acupuncture, oral administration of Chinese medicinal herbs, traction, point injection and intravenous drip of energy dehydration mixture; 70 cases in control group were managed by combination of acupuncture, oral administration of herbal medicines, traction, acupoint injection (without energy dehydration mixture). The results showed that the curative rate and the total effective rate of the treatment group were 91.25% and 98.75% separately, while those of the control group 62.86% and 92.86% respectively. Comparison of the curative rate between the 2 groups showed a remarkable significance (P<0.01). The observation demonstrated that combined treatment of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc with traditional Chinese and Western medicine is an effective approach.

Characterization and Comparison Analysis of WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants and Iso Standards of Chinese Materia Medica

Medicinal plants or Chinese materia medica(CMM)are now attracting worldwide attention as they have increasingly prominent advantages over chemical drugs in disease treatment and healthcare.Since the 1990s,World Health Organization(WHO)and International Organization for Standardization established the Technical Committee of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249)have carried out the development of quality standards on medicinal plants or CMMs respectively,and a considerable number of monographs and international standards have been published.Since the two international organizations adhere to different principles,the standards they develop naturally have different emphasis.Driven by market demand and international trade,ISO mainly takes quality,efficacy and safety into consideration when developing standards,while WHO pays more attention to clinical practice,quality control and medication guidance.Up to now,there is a lack of comparative analysis on the records,background,principles,basic content,and main requirements of quality standards on medicinal plants or CMMs respectively published by WHO and ISO.Therefore,based on international standards of CMM developed by ISO/TC 249 platform and WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants,this paper systematically compares the purposes,selected principles,standard-developing process,basic content,and main quality requirements to summarize their similarities and differences,and find their merits,aiming to serve as a reference to the development of international standards for CMMs that helps them go global.