Arterial Duct Stenting Versus Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt in Patient with Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Circulation: Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

Objective:Patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary circulation require alternative bloodflow to provide and maintain adequate oxygenation.Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt(MBTS)has been the standard for providing such a result.Currently,less invasive methods such as Arterial Duct(AD)stenting have been performed as alter-natives.This study aims to compare the outcome of AD stenting and MBTS.Method:Systematic research was performed in online databases using the PRISMA protocol.The outcomes measured were 30-day mortality,com-plication,unplanned intervention,oxygen saturation,duration of hospital,and ICU length of stay.Any compara-tive study provided with full text is included.The outcome of each study was analyzed using a trandom effects model with relative risk and mean difference as the effect size.Bias risk assessment was conducted using the New-castle-Ottawa Scale.All analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1.Result:A total of 11 studies with 3154 samples included in this study.There is no significant difference in 30-day mortality between the two groups(p-value=0.10).However,there is significantly less complication(RR 0.53[0.35,0.82];p-value=0.004)and unplanned intervention(RR 0.59[0.38,0.92];p-value=0.02)in the AD stent group.Comparison of the Nakata index showed no significant difference(p-value=0.88).Post-operative oxygen saturation was measured signifi-cantly higher in the AD stenting(MD 1.80[0.85,2.74];p-value=0.0002).However,AD stent group shows sig-nificantly lower long-term oxygen saturation(MD-8.43[-14.38,-2.48];p-value=0.005).Both hospital and ICU length of stay was significantly shorter in the AD stent group(MD-8.30[-11.13,-5.48];p-value<0.00001;MD-5.09[-7.79,-2.38];p-value=0.0002).Conclusion:AD stenting provides comparable outcomes relative to MBTS as it provides less complication and unplanned intervention and higher post-procedural O2 saturation.However,MBTS proved its superiority in maintaining higher long-term oxygen saturation and still became the preferred option to manage complex cases where stenting is either challenging or unsuccessful.

Growth of the Pulmonary Valve Annulus after the Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Background:The surgical outcomes of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)have evolved dramatically and have resulted in lower mortality rate.Currently,the many cardiac centers have a trend to early single-stage complete repair more than a staged repair.However,the patients who have an early primary repair were required transannular patch augmentation of a pulmonary valve frequently.This effect has been developed a chronic pulmonary insufficiency may lead to right ventricular dilation,dysfunction.In this era,the aim of treatment of TOF is attempted to preserve pulmonary valve annulus for prevent right ventricular dysfunction in the future.The systemic to pulmonary artery shunt is a palliative procedure or known as staged repair for symptomatic patients with TOF.The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt(mBTS)is the most useful systemic to pulmonary shunt and perform as an initial procedure before complete repair.The mBTS can provide increase pulmonary blood flow as well as improve oxygenation and also promote pulmonary artery(PA)growth.However,the effect of this procedure to promote growth of a pulmonary valve annulus is still debate.Objectives:To compare a growth of pulmonary valve annulus between after staged repair and primary repair in patients with TOF(without pulmonary atresia).Methods:A retrospective case-control study,review of patients with TOF underwent total repair at our hospitals from January 2005 and December 2017 was performed,a total number of 112 patients underwent TOF repair.Twenty-nine patients(26%)underwent a staged repair(mBTS group)and 83(74%)underwent total repair only or primary repair(PR group).We evaluated diameter of pulmonary valve annulus by using echocardiography at the time of first diagnosis and before complete repair on both groups.Results:The age of diagnosis of mBTS group were younger than PR group(p=0.011).Therefore,pulmonary valve annuls were smaller in mBTS group.(Z-score,−2.93±1.42 vs.−1.89±0.97;p=0.001).However,the growth potential of pulmonary valve annulus was increase more than PR group significantly(Z-score,−1.46±1.02 vs.−2.11±1.19;p=0.009)Even though a patent ductus arteriosus was found commonly in PR group(p=0.018).Conclusions:Our results suggest the systemic to pulmonary shunt or mBTS can promote growth of pulmonary valve annulus in patients with TOF.

Hyperacute experimental model of rat lung transplantation using a coronary shunt cannula

BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.A rodent model is an inexpensive way to collect biological data from a living model after lung transplantation.However,mastering the surgical technique takes time owing to the small organ size.AIM To conduct rat lung transplantation using a shunt cannula(SC)or modified cannula(MC)and assess their efficacy.METHODS Rat lung transplantation was performed in 11 animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group.We devised a method of rat lung transplantation using a coronary SC for coronary artery bypass surgery as an anastomosis of pulmonary arteri-ovenous vessels and bronchioles.The same surgeon performed all surgical proce-dures in the donor and recipient rats without using a magnifying glass.The success rate of lung transplantation,operating time,and PaO2 values were com-pared after 2-h reperfusion after transplantation.RESULTS Ten and 12 lungs were successfully transplanted in the SC and MC groups,respectively.In the SC group,one animal had cardiac arrest within 1 h after reperfusion owing to bleeding during pulmonary vein anastomosis.The opera-ting time for the removal of the heart-lung block from the donor and preparation of the left lung graft was 26.8±2.3 and 25.7±1.3 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.21).The time required for left lung transplantation in the recipients was 37.5±2.8 min and 35.9±1.4 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.12).PaO2 values at 2 h after reperfusion were 456.2±25.5 and INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.Many immune and non-immune mech-anisms in lung transplantation are highly complex,and post-transplant complications such as infections and primary and chronic lung allograft dysfunction must be reduced to improve survival.Therefore,there is a need for immunological and pathophysiological analyses using animal lung transplantation models.The rat lung transplantation model was first reported in 1971[1],followed by the Mizuta Cuff model[2]in 1989.Since then,various improvements in surgical techniques,cuffs,and instruments have been reported[3-7].The advantage of using a rodent model is that it permits inexpensive collection of biological data from a living model after lung transplantation.Although trained surgeons can perform the transplantation procedure,mastering the surgical technique takes time due to the small size of the organs.The risks associated with this technique include damage to the vulnerable pulmonary artery(PA)and pulmonary vein(PV)vessel walls during anastomosis,as well as stenosis of the anastomotic site.We developed an anastomotic technique using a coronary shunt cannula(SC)for cardiac coronary artery bypass surgery as an alternative to the previously reported cuff method[2-6].This method enables anastomosis by inserting and ligating a cannula into the lumen of the PA,PV,and bronchus(Br),which is simpler and more reliable than conventional methods.This study aimed to determine problems with rat lung transplantation using the SC,develop an improved cannula,and investigate its utility.RESULTS After creating 11 lung transplantation model animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group,all animals underwent reperfusion.One animal in the SC group had cardiac arrest 1 h after reperfusion due to hemorrhage caused by vessel wall injury during PV anastomosis.Two hours after reperfusion,we visually confirmed the maintenance of recipient hemody-namics and blood flow in the graft pulmonary cannula in 10 animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group.The operating time for the removal of the heart-lung block from the donor and graft lung creation was 26.8±2.3 min in the SC group and 25.7±1.3 min in the MC group(P=0.21,Table 1).The duration for left lung transplantation into the recipient was 37.5±2.8 min in the SC group and 35.9±1.4 min(P=0.12,Table 1)in the MC group.Although no significant difference was found between the SC and MC groups,animals in the MC group experienced a slightly shorter operating time,smoother surgical technique,and less stressful procedure for the surgeons compared with those in the SC group.The graft lung coloration(Grade 1/2/3)after reperfusion was 0/2/8(SC group)and 0/2/10(MC group),and all grafts were reported to be successful,except in one animal in the SC group that had cardiac arrest(Table 2).The PaO2 values after 2 h of reperfusion were 456.2±25.5 mmHg in the SC group and 461.2±21.5 mmHg in the MC group(P=0.63,Table 3),showing no significant difference between the groups.

改良Blalock-Taussig分流术与右心室流出道支架植入术姑息性治疗法洛四联症的比较

目的:对于不适合一期根治或手术风险高的法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)患者,经导管右心室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)支架植入术是一种安全有效的姑息干预方式。本研究旨在探讨RVOT支架植入术和改良Blalock-Taussig分流术(modified Blalock-Taussig shunt,mBTS)在TOF新生儿和婴儿期患者中的治疗效果,并比较2种姑息干预方式对患儿动脉血氧饱和度及肺动脉发育的影响。方法:回顾性收集中南大学湘雅二医院于2011年3月至2021年3月收治的32例TOF患者的临床资料。根据接受的手术方式,将患者分为行RVOT支架植入术的支架植入组(n=15)和行mBTS术的mBTS组(n=17),评估和比较2组患者的动脉血氧饱和度、术后并发症发生率、病死率、再干预率等,根据超声心动图结果,使用z-评分评估患者的肺动脉干、右肺动脉及左肺动脉的发育情况。结果:与mBTS组相比,支架植入组患儿的年龄较小,体重较低(均P<0.05)。与术前相比,支架植入组术后患儿的动脉血氧饱和度明显升高[(75±17)%vs(96±3)%,P=0.026],肺动脉干[(−2.82±1.27)分vs(0.86±0.77)分,P=0.014]、右肺动脉[(−1.88±0.59)分vs(−0.28±0.71)分,P=0.011]及左肺动脉[(−2.34±0.36)分vs(−1.67±0.36)分,P=0.036]的z-评分明显增加。而mBTS组患儿术前与术后的动脉血氧饱和度以及肺动脉z-评分的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:RVOT支架植入术对低出生体重、伴有严重合并症的TOF患儿具有良好的手术效果;与mBTS相比,RVOT支架植入术术后患儿的动脉血氧饱和度更高且肺动脉发育更好。

Comparison of the Modified Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy Technique with the Conventional Carotid Endarterectomy Technique: Early Results

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare early results of the modified eversion carotid endarterectomy technique with the conventional carotid endarterectomy technique. The modified eversion carotid endarterectomy technique consisted of a longitudinal arteriotomy that was begun from the common carotid artery proximally to the origin of external carotid artery. We also avoided applying a carotid shunt during surgery in both techniques. Methods: Each patient was evaluated for coronary artery stenosis and valve replacement indications. Diagnosis of significant coronary artery stenosis or valve disease directed us to a combination of CEA and cardiac surgery (CABG/Valvular). We generally had a tendency to perform these two surgical procedures separately. Patients which had surgery for both at the same session were excluded in this study. As a result, our study included 120 patients and 137 carotid interventions. We performed the modified eversion carotid endarterectomy technique in 61 patients (68 carotid interventions) (Group A) and the conventional CEA technique in 59 patients (69 carotid interventions) (Group B). At follow-up, the patients were evaluated by physical examination and color Doppler USG. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data. Statistically significant difference was observed in one operative parameter between Group A and Group B;patchplasty requirements during surgery (12 carotid interventions in group B and 4 carotid interventions in group A, p = 0.036). We recorded temporary tongue deviation in five cases, facial asymmetry in eight cases, hoarseness in four cases, neurocognitive impairment in three cases and transient neurologic in two cases with no significant difference between the groups. There was in one case of permanent neurologic deficit (1 in group B). There were two postoperative deaths (1 in group A and 1 in group B). The death in group A occurred because of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the death in group B occurred because of myocardial infarction. After 6 month follow-up, no restenosis occurred in group A. Restenosis occurred in three patients of group B. Conclusion: The modified eversion technique for carotid endarterectomy decrease the incidence of patchplasty applications and postoperative restenosis by avoiding internal carotid artery manipulation and sewing. Besides, it is easy and possible to remove plaques completely from internal carotid artery via the modified arteriotomy line.

先天性心脏病患儿改良Blalock-Taussig分流术后死亡原因分析及对策探讨

目的分析先天性心脏病患儿改良Blalock-Taussig分流术后围术期死亡原因,探讨相关护理对策。方法在文献分析结合专家意见基础上,回顾性分析94例接受改良Blalock-Taussig分流术的先天性心脏病患儿的病例资料,采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析围术期死亡的危险因素。结果 94例患儿中死亡18例,死亡率19.1%。单因素分析结果显示:体质量、身高、人造血管直径、手术年龄、术前酸中毒、延迟关胸、再手术是术后患儿死亡的危险因素。Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前酸中毒是术后患儿死亡的独立危险因素。结论完善术前风险评估,预防术前酸中毒,加强术后监护,防治人造血管管道狭窄与堵塞,围术期持续营养支持,加强新生儿围术期监护,是降低先天性心脏病患儿Blalock-Taussig分流术后死亡率的主要对策。

改良Blalock-Taussig分流术在危重紫绀型先天性心脏病中的应用

目的 探讨改良Blalock Taussig分流术在危重紫绀型先天性心脏病中的应用,并对手术效果进行评价。方法 运用回顾性分析法,总结2 0 0 0年10月—2 0 0 4年4月本院2 5例患儿行改良Blalock Taussig分流术的临床经验。其中男15例,女10例,年龄3d～3岁,平均(3.0 7±3.4 3)月,新生儿8例,体重1.5～12kg ,平均(4.14±1.84 )kg。结果 术后死亡2例,死亡率8% (2 / 2 5 ) ,患儿动脉血氧饱和度由术前4 0 %～70 % (5 8.8%±10 .1% )上升至术后75 %～85 % (78.4 %±4 .3% ) ,有明显改善(P <0 .0 5 )。随访6～32月,平均14 .8月,紫绀明显减轻,活动耐量增加。6例患儿已行二期手术。结论 改良Blalock Taussig分流术作为姑息性手术可改善缺氧,促进肺血管发育,为二期施行双心室矫治及双向腔肺分流术或房坦手术(Fontan)赢得时机,减少死亡率。

Ductus Arteriosus Stent Compared with Surgical Shunt for Infants with Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ductus arteriosus stent(DAS)compared with surgical systemic-pulmonary artery shunt(SPS)in patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow.A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception to December 2020.Two reviewers independently screened the articles,evaluated the quality of the articles,and collected the data.Meta-analyses were conducted using fixed and random effects models.We used the I-square(I2)test to examine heterogeneity and the funnel plot Egger’s test was used to test for publication bias.We analyzed nine studies including 842 patients were included in the present study(DAS:n=295;SPS:n=547).There was a benefit in favor of DAS group for medium-term mortality(RR,0.63;95%CI,[0.40,0.99];P=0.91,I^(2)=0%).DAS group demonstrated a reduced risk for complications compared with SPS(RR,0.46;95%CI,[0.29,0.72];P=0.78,I^(2)=0%).There was an increased risk for unplanned reintervention for DAS(RR,1.77;95%CI,[1.42,2.20];P=0.61,I2=0%).DAS demonstrated shorter mean intensive care unit length of stay(MD,–5.12;95%CI,[–7.33,–2.91];P=0.005,I^(2)=76%).There was also demonstrated higher postprocedure oxygen saturation for SPS over DAS(MD,1.78;95% CI,[0.92,2.64];P=0.46,I2=0%).There was no difference between the two groups in terms of mortality within 30 days,Nakata Index,and hospital length of stay.Conclusions:In terms of initial palliative surgical in the ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow,DAS demonstrated a lower risk of medium-term mortality,lower risk of complications,higher risk of unplanned reintervention,shorter ICU length of stay,and higher postprocedure oxygen saturation compared with SPS.

改良Blalock-Taussig分流术中应用膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管的效果与组织相容性分析

背景:改良Blalock-Taussig分流手术被普遍应用于严重的紫绀型先天性心脏病,该手术需要根据解剖结构及心肺发育的情况建立新的心内外血液循环通路,此时合适的血管替代物不可或缺。目的:评价膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管在改良Blalock-Taussig分流术中的应用效果与组织相容性。方法:选择2009年6月至2019年12月北部战区总医院收治的复杂性先天性心脏病患者62例,年龄3个月至15岁,均采用膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管进行改良Blalock-Taussig分流手术。根据住院及随访期间是否发生死亡分组,存活组57例,死亡组5例,对比两组并发症发生情况,采用二元Logistic回归分析造成死亡的危险因素;对于存活者,随访观察膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管的组织相容性。结果与结论:(1)62例患者术毕Sa O2即刻升高至80%以上,紫绀显著改善,术中发生严重低心排出量综合征和心律失常8例(12.9%),其中死亡组5例均为围术期死亡,其余57例患者均完成术后1年随访;两组术后早期的床旁透析、血红蛋白尿、灌注肺发生情况比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)二元Logistic回归分析显示,患者低体质量、术中严重低心排出量综合征是改良Blalock-Taussig分流术后患者死亡的危险因素(P<0.05);(3)随访期间,改良Blalock-Taussig分流手术改善了患者左心室和肺动脉发育,无人工管道断裂或撕脱、溶血、排斥反应、非结构性功能障碍及结构性损伤等生物学和解剖学不良反应发生;(4)结果提示,改良Blalock-Taussig分流手术治疗复杂性先天性心脏病可明显缓解症状,促进左心室与肺动脉发育,术中应用的膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管具有良好的短期组织相容性。

复杂发绀型先天性心脏病应用改良Blalock-Taussig分流术治疗的临床效果探讨

目的探讨改良Blalock-Taussig分流术在复杂发绀型先天性心脏病患者中的临床治疗效果。方法对来该院诊治的80例患者入院资料进行分析,将其随机分为两组。对照组采用常规方法治疗,实验组采用改良Blalock-Taussig分流术治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果该研究中,实验组机械辅助通气（5-96 h）、患者治疗后2例死亡,死亡率为5%,1例患者出现不良反应,不良反应发生率为2.5%,低于对照组（P〈0.05）;患者治疗后SaO2为（78.4±4.3）%,高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论复杂发绀型先天性心脏病发病率较高,死亡率也相对较多,临床上采用改良Blalock-Taussig分流术治疗效果理想,值得推广使用。

改良部分性脾动脉栓塞术治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝性脑病的临床研究

目的观察改良部分性脾动脉栓塞术(MPSE)治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)术后肝性脑病的效果。方法回顾性分析采用MPSE治疗的TIPS术后肝性脑病患者10例患者的资料。比较术前与术后3、6个月患者肝功能指标、门静脉主干血流速度、分流道血流速度。结果所有患者均成功完成MPSE,术后1例出现腹痛症状,其他患者均无明显手术相关症状及并发症。术后随访6个月,仅1例肝性脑病未得到控制。术后3、6个月谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)及门静脉主干血流速度与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3、6个月分流道血流速度与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MPSE可降低TIPS术后分流道血流速度,起到限流作用,从而有效控制肝性脑病。

维生素C联合奥曲肽在改良经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压急性上消化道出血患者中的临床疗效

目的探讨维生素C联合奥曲肽在改良经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗门静脉高压急性上消化道出血患者中的临床疗效。方法选取2019年6月至2021年6月于本院行改良TIPS治疗的54例门静脉高压急性上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,按照给药方案不同分为对照组和实验组,每组27例。对照组给予单纯奥曲肽治疗,实验组给予维生素C联合奥曲肽治疗,比较两组止血有效率、凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)]及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组止血有效率为100.00%,高于对照组的74.07%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3 d后,实验组PT、TT、APTT均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为18.52%,高于对照组的11.11%,但差异无统计学意义。结论维生素C联合奥曲肽应用于改良TIPS治疗门静脉高压急性上消化道出血患者中效果显著,可改善患者凝血功能,降低机体氧化应激反应,且不增加不良反应,值得临床推广应用。

改良穿刺套件对肝硬化门静脉高压合并门静脉海绵样变上消化道大出血的疗效

目的探讨改良穿刺套件对肝硬化门静脉高压合并门静脉海绵样变(CTPV)急性上消化道大出血的临床疗效。方法收集2016年7月至2021年3月解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院收治的34例肝硬化门静脉高压合并CTPV急性上消化道大出血患者的临床资料,所有患者均行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS),采用改良穿刺套件穿刺门静脉并植入直径均为8 mm的覆膜支架和裸支架,建立分流道后测量门静脉压力,观察患者的术中、术后情况,比较TIPS手术前后门静脉主干压力。通过随访复查彩色多普勒超声,观察患者的再出血、支架通畅性、肝性脑病及患者生存情况等。结果34例患者的手术成功率为94.1%(32/34),其中,32例患者均采用改良穿刺套件顺利完成手术。32例患者中,成功穿刺门静脉右支11例,成功穿刺门静脉左支21例,其余2例患者因门静脉完全闭塞而无法进行手术;24例CTPV患者均采用穿刺定位球囊的方法成功完成穿刺;25例患者同时行胃冠状静脉栓塞术,术中未出现手术相关并发症。TIPS术后门静脉主干压力明显低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后造影检查结果显示,分流道腔内血流通畅,侧支循环消失,24 h内消化道未再次出血,住院期间无患者死亡。术后3个月,32例患者均行彩色多普勒超声检查,分流道腔内血流通畅。术后6个月,1例患者失访,5例患者术后出现分流道狭窄或阻塞,支架狭窄程度为30%~50%,经球囊扩张治疗后支架内血流恢复通畅,其余26例患者术后分流道内血流通畅,临床疗效良好。结论采用改良穿刺套件治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并CTPV所致的急性上消化道大出血的近期、中期疗效较好,安全可靠。

体肺循环分流术在法洛四联症外科治疗的应用

目的总结对左心室发育不良的法洛四联症患者采用先期体肺循环分流后再行根治术的临床经验。方法回顾分析2004年11月至2007年6月间行19例法洛四联症体肺分流手术，其中改良Blalock—Taussing 2例、Centre 2例、改良Waterston 15例。结果围手术期死亡1例（心包填塞？），无远期死亡，1例分流术后18个月后成功行根治术。结论对左心室肺动脉发育不良的法洛四联症患者，采用改良体肺分流术分期治疗，可降低低心排发生率，改善缺氧状态，促进左心室及肺动脉发育，并为Ⅱ期根治术提供条件。

发绀型先天性心脏病改良体-肺动脉分流术中血流动力学变化

目的:使用压力记录分析法(PRAM)监测发绀型先天性心脏病患儿改良体-肺动脉(m BT)分流术中血流动力学的变化,分析其临床应用价值,并以此作为选择容量治疗或强心治疗的依据。方法:选择28例择期行m BT分流术的先天性心脏病患儿,主要诊断法洛四联症19例,肺动脉狭窄+室间隔缺损6例,肺动脉闭锁+室间隔缺损3例,月龄2~24个月,中位月龄10.6(6.2,18.9)个月,体质量(10.5±5.1)kg,Nakata指数平均(125±41)mm^2/m^2。在切皮前(T0)、切心包1 min(T1)、部分阻断肺动脉1 min和10 min(T2、T3)、部分阻主动脉后(T4)、人工血管开放通血1 min和10 min(T5、T6)、术毕(T7),记录循环周期效率(CCE)、心排血指数(CI)、心每搏指数(SVI)、收缩压(SBP)、重脉压与舒张压差值(Pdic-a)、压力升支最大斜率(dp/dt_(max))、体循环阻力指数(SVRI)、脉压变异度(PPV)。结果:各时间点dp/dt_(max)的平均值均>1.0 mm Hg/ms(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)。人工血管通血前(T0-T4),T3点CCE、CI、SVI均处于最低点,其中CCE_(T3)明显低于CCE_(T0-T1)(P均<0.05),CI_(T3)明显低于CI_(T0-T2)(P均<0.01),SVI_(T3)明显低于SVI_(T0-T2)(P<0.01,P<0.01和P<0.05);Pdic-a_(T4)处于最低点,显著低于Pdic-a_(T0-1)(P<0.01和P<0.05);SVRI_(T3)处于最高点,明显高于SVRI_(T0)(P<0.01)。人工血管通血后(T5-T7),T5点CCE、CI、SVI、Pdic-a均处于最低点,其中CCE_(T5)明显低于CCE_(T7)(P<0.05),CI_(T5)明显低于CI_(T6-T7)(P均<0.05),SVI_(T5)明显低于SVI_(T6-T7)(P均<0.05),Pdic-aT5明显低于Pdic-aT6-7(P<0.01);PPVT5明显高于PPVT6-T7(P<0.01)。在T6和T7点,PPV与Pdic-a呈显著负相关(r=-0.51,r=-0.53,P均<0.01)。结论:m BT术中血流动力学维护重点,在人工血管通血前以强心为主,应用正性肌力药维护心功能,在人工血管通血后通过扩容维护有效循环血容量。通过CCE、CI、SVI、dp/dt_(max)、PPV、Pdic-a等血流动力学监测指标,精准判断液体治疗和应用正性肌力药治疗的权重,从而积极防治患儿术中低氧血症,稳定血流动力学状态。

用改进的Tabu搜索方法优化补偿电容器分档投切的研究

对基本的 Tabu搜索方法进行了改进 ,将“改进遗传算法”中的优化编码技术引入 Tabu搜索方法 ,并在此基础上引入动态管理退出迭代判定条件、动态管理 Tabu表深度和动态管理邻域搜索规模等 ,用以处理补偿电容器分档投切的组合优化问题 。

发绀型先天性心脏病患儿改良体-肺动脉分流术中局部脑氧饱和度的变化

目的探讨发绀型先天性心脏病患儿改良体-肺动脉分流术(MBTS)中局部脑氧饱和度(rScO_(2))的变化特征及相关因素。方法选择2019年1月至2020年12月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院择期行MBTS的发绀型先天性心脏病患儿42例。所有患儿术中均连续监测rScO_(2)及血流动力学相关参数,并分别于切皮前(T_(1))、打开心包(T_(2))、阻断术侧肺动脉5 min(T_(3))、人工血管通血3 min(T_(4))、术毕(T_(5))5个时点,记录rScO_(2)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_(2))、收缩压、舒张压、心脏指数、脉压变异度等指标,并计算血管活性药物评分(VIS)。结果T_(3)时点rScO_(2)、SpO_(2)、P_(ET)CO_(2)均显著低于其他时点,T_(4)时点rScO_(2)显著高于T_(1)时点[(77±9)%比(75±9)%],T_(5)时点rScO_(2)[(74±8)%]显著低于T_(4)时点(均P<0.05)。T_(4)时点SpO_(2)显著高于T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(5)时点[(92±4)%比(86±6)%、(89±5)%、(88±5)%](均P<0.05)。T_(4)、T_(5)时点P_(ET)CO_(2)显著高于T_(1)、T_(2)时点,T_(3)时点收缩压低于T_(2)、T_(5)时点,T_(4)时点舒张压低于T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(5)时点,T_(4)时点心脏指数低于T_(1)、T_(2)时点,T_(5)时点脉压变异度低于其他各时点(均P<0.05)。VIS在T_(3)时点显著高于其他各时点(均P<0.05),在T_(4)、T_(5)时点开始降低,且两时点间差异有统计学意义,但T_(4)时点VIS仍高于T_(1)、T_(2)时点(均P<0.05)。rScO_(2)与SpO_(2)术中整体变化趋势有相关性(r=0.339,P=0.001);T_(4)时点rScO_(2)与P_(ET)CO_(2)、舒张压、VIS均有相关性(r=0.571、0.563、0.456,均P<0.05)。结论发绀型先天性心脏病患儿的发绀严重程度和MBTS术中阻断肺动脉是影响患儿rScO_(2)的重要因素;人工血管通血后,积极扩容并逐渐降低血管活性药物输注剂量,脑氧合明显改善;术毕不能盲目通过提高SpO_(2)增加rScO_(2)。

改良动静脉转流术动物实验模型的建立

目的建立改良动静脉转流术动物实验模型。方法选用18只新西兰大白兔，平均分成三组，将前肢分别做成A，B，C三种离断模型。A型：仅保留两组动脉供血；B型：仅保留一组动、静脉供血；C型：仅保留两组动脉供血，其中将一条非优势动脉于起点处结扎。观察三组肢体成活及骨折愈合情况。结果B型及C型肢体成活，A型肢体坏死。B型及c型骨折于术后6周摄X片示有骨痂生长。结论动静脉转流术可为离断肢体提供有效的供血及静脉回流，对指尖及末节手指离断再植中静脉回流的建立有重要意义。

改良Sugiura手术联合脾腔分流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的评估改良Sugiura手术联合限制性脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的疗效。方法对行改良sugiura手术联合限制性脾腔静脉分流术治疗的30例门静脉高压症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后自由门静脉(FPP)较术前平均下降(9.98±7.33)cm H2O(P<0.01),门静脉直径(PVD)由术前明显增粗(1.6±0.18)cm H2O逐渐恢复正常(1.4±0.14)cm H2O。门静脉最大血流速度(PVm ax)及血流量(PVF)明显降低。间置人造血管通畅,无明显血栓形成。本组30例无手术死亡和近期再出血。结论改良Sugiura手术联合人造血管间置限制性脾腔静脉分流术止血效果确切,可以使分流、断流术止血方面的优点相加,同时有效地防治了门静脉高压性胃病,并减少了肝性脑病的发生,而手术的难度和风险并未增加,因此不失为目前门脉高压症外科治疗的理想术式。

分布式联网型配电网无功补偿装置及控制策略

分布式、联网型的配电网无功补偿装置可提高系统供电质量并降低网损。其系统构成和装置原理:以通信网络为基础,将各个补偿装置连成一个补偿系统,充分利用系统信息进行补偿电容的分组投切,从而提高了对用户的供电质量,降低了网损;在此硬件系统的基础上,阐述了配电网无功补偿的控制策略和在线控制算法。该算法考虑了配电网的负荷特性,对基于Tabu方法的电容器分组投切优化算法进行了改进,提高了计算速度。