Performance of Prototype Pneumatic Boxing Gloves under Two Different Conditions of Target Padding

The impact damping capabilities of four different boxing gloves were assessed under two different conditions of target padding to determine whether target characteristics might influence previous conclusions concerning potential for impact mitigation through novel glove design. A conventional 10?oz glove (Std 10?oz), a conventional 16?oz glove (Std 16?oz), a prototype pneumatic glove with a sealed bladder (SBLI) and a prototype pneumatic glove with a bladder allowing air exchange with the external environment (ARLI) were each dropped three times on to a force plate from six heights ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 metres. The force plate was covered by a 50 mm thick mat of EVA material and results obtained were compared with those of an earlier experiment involving use of a similar protocol but a 25 mm thick EVA force plate covering. The thicker mat greatly reduced peak impact forces for all gloves, with values for the Std 10?oz glove becoming much closer to those reported by other researchers for punches delivered by elite boxers to crash test manikins. Peak rates of force development were also substantially decreased. Protective effects provided by the ARLI glove relative to the Std 10?oz glove were diminished but still in the order of 17%?-?22% for peak impact force and 27%?-?49% for peak rate of force development across the range of drop heights. With the 50 mm mat thickness, the SBLI glove was as effective as the ARLI glove in reducing peak impact force, whereas this was not the case with the 25 mm mat. It was, however, always inferior to the ARLI glove in decreasing peak rate of force development. The ability of the ARLI glove to afford protection across a spectrum of impact conditions could yield important practical advantages.

Effect of Pneumatic Boxing Gloves on Impact Kinematics and Their Relationship to Impact Forces

This study was aimed at improved understanding of the mechanisms of previously reported protective effects of a pneumatic boxing glove. A Motion Capture System was used to obtain velocity data from four different boxing gloves dropped on to a force plate from nine heights ranging from 1 to 5 metres. Two gloves were of the conventional type but differed in mass. The other two were prototype pneumatic gloves. One of these (SBLI) had a sealed bladder while the other (ARLI) incorporated a port allowing air exchange with the external environment. The pneumatic gloves decelerated more slowly than the conventional gloves following impact and compressed through a greater absolute distance. Consequently, they took longer to reach zero velocity. As drop height increased, these trends became more pronounced for the ARLI glove than the SBLI glove. Increase in velocity during rebound was also slower for the pneumatic gloves. The ARLI glove had a lower coefficient of restitution than any of the other gloves at low to moderate drop heights but not at high drop heights. The SBLI glove had a higher coefficient of restitution than the other gloves at all drop heights from 2 metres upwards. This indicated that, overall, the ARLI glove was the most effective, and the SBLI glove the least effective, in dissipating the kinetic energy of impact through conversion to other energy forms. For all gloves at all drop heights, peak positive acceleration at the beginning of rebound was of lower absolute magnitude than peak negative acceleration at the end of compression. The influence of drop height on an index characterising this relationship differed between the conventional and pneumatic gloves, possibly reflecting structural changes to gloves as impact energy increased. The conventional and pneumatic gloves differed regarding temporal alignment between key kinematic and kinetic events, and there were some differences between the two pneumatic gloves in this respect. Nevertheless, peak glove deceleration correlated highly with peak impact force, not only for each glove individually but also when data for all gloves were combined. The findings confirmed the potential practical utility of the ARLI glove and identified air cushion thickness, glove compressibility and capacity for air release and subsequent reuptake as critical aspects of its design.

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

A conventional boxing glove and a prototype pneumatic glove were each fitted to a mechanical fist and dropped 253 times from a height of 3 metres on to a force plate covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mat. Impact dynamics were measured and modelled. From the outset, peak impact force and peak rate of force development (loading rate) were lower for the pneumatic glove. For both gloves, these variables displayed upward drift during the drop series, but the drift was smaller for the pneumatic glove. Consequently, the magnitude of the protective effect provided by the pneumatic glove increased with the number of impacts. For the conventional glove, change in peak force showed a close inverse relationship to force plate contact time (R2?>?0.96) and the time from first contact of the glove with the force plate to attainment of peak force (R2?=?0.85). These relationships were much weaker for the pneumatic glove (R2?=?0.09 and 0.59 respectively), suggesting the possibility of a more complex impact damping mechanism. Following the 253 drops of the pneumatic glove, the EVA mat covering the force plate was replaced, and another 10 drops then performed. Peak force readings were immediately reduced to an extent suggesting that 26%?-?34% of the increase that had occurred over the 253 drops was attributable to impact-induced change in mat properties. This has implications for future experimental designs. Overall, the findings provided further evidence of the potential of pneumatic gloves to enable safer boxing.

改良型防抓手套在颅脑损伤躁动患者中的应用价值

目的:探讨改良型防抓手套在颅脑损伤躁动患者中的应用价值。方法:选取本院2016年2月-2018年1月颅脑损伤躁动患者90例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各45例。对照组采用常规的模式进行护理,观察组采用改良型防抓手套进行护理,比较两组护理满意度、舒适度、安全感和活动度评分,护理前后生活质量和焦虑情绪评分,以及非计划拔管、皮肤不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组颅脑损伤躁动护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x^2=11.250 0,P=0.000 8)。护理前两组生活质量及焦虑情绪评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,观察组生活质量及焦虑情绪评分均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后观察组舒适度、安全感和活动度评分均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组非计划拔管和皮肤不良反应发生情况均明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(x^2=3.920 0、3.920 0,P=0.0477、0.0477)。结论:颅脑损伤躁动患者行改良型防抓手套护理疗效肯定,可有效减少非计划拔管发生率、皮肤不良反应发生率,改善生存质量,提高舒适度和安全感,减轻焦虑感,提高患者的满意度。

铜改性聚酯纤维抗菌针织手套的制备

文章探讨了铜改性纤维制备技术,并使用铜改性聚酯纤维纱线开发了抗菌针织手套,按照FZ/T 73047-2013《针织民用手套》对其进行检测,发现该手套无表面疵点;色牢度较好,达到合格品等级。按照GB/T 20944.2—2007《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第2部分:吸收法》对其抗菌性进行了评价,发现其对大肠杆菌的抑菌率大于98%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率大于95%,对白色念珠菌的抑菌率大于93%,抗菌效果较好。