Modified constraint-induced movement therapy enhances cortical plasticity in a rat model of traumatic brain injury:a resting-state functional MRI study

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy(mCIMT)has shown beneficial effects on motor function improvement after brain injury,but the exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF)metrics measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of mCIMT in a control co rtical impact(CCI)rat model simulating traumatic brain injury.At 3 days after control co rtical impact model establishment,we found that the mean ALFF(mALFF)signals were decreased in the left motor cortex,somatosensory co rtex,insula cortex and the right motor co rtex,and were increased in the right corpus callosum.After 3 weeks of an 8-hour daily mClMT treatment,the mALFF values were significantly increased in the bilateral hemispheres compared with those at 3 days postoperatively.The mALFF signal valu es of left corpus callosum,left somatosensory cortex,right medial prefro ntal cortex,right motor co rtex,left postero dorsal hippocampus,left motor cortex,right corpus callosum,and right somatosensory cortex were increased in the mCIMT group compared with the control cortical impact group.Finally,we identified brain regions with significantly decreased mALFF valu es at 3 days postoperatively.Pearson correlation coefficients with the right forelimb sliding score indicated that the improvement in motor function of the affected upper limb was associated with an increase in mALFF values in these brain regions.Our findings suggest that functional co rtical plasticity changes after brain injury,and that mCIMT is an effective method to improve affected upper limb motor function by promoting bilateral hemispheric co rtical remodeling.mALFF values correlate with behavio ral changes and can potentially be used as biomarkers to assess dynamic cortical plasticity after traumatic brain injury.

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy alters synaptic plasticity of rat contralateral hippocampus following middle cerebral artery occlusion

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective treatment for neurological and motor impairments in patients with stroke by increasing the use of their affected limb and limiting the contralateral limb.However,the molecular mechanism underlying its efficacy remains unclear.In this study,a middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rat model was produced by the suture method.Rats received modified constraint-induced movement therapy 1 hour a day for 14 consecutive days,starting from the 7^th day after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Day 1 of treatment lasted for 10 minutes at 2r/min,day 2 for 20 minutes at 2 r/min,and from day 3 onward for 20 minutes at 4 r/min.CatWalk gait analysis,adhesive removal test,and Y-maze test were used to investigate motor function,sensory function as well as cognitive function in rodent animals from the 1st day before MCAO to the 21^st day after MCAO.On the 21^st day after MCAO,the neurotransmitter receptor-related genes from both contralateral and ipsilateral hippocampi were tested by micro-array and then verified by western blot assay.The glutamate related receptor was shown by transmission electron microscopy and the glutamate content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.The results of behavior tests showed that modified constraint-induced movement therapy promoted motor and sensory functional recovery in the middle cerebral artery-occluded rats,but had no effect on cognitive function.The modified constraint-induced movement therapy upregulated the expression of glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3(Gria3)in the hippocampus and downregulated the expression of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene Adrb3 and arginine vasopressin receptor 1 A,Avprla in the middle cerebral artery-occluded rats.In the ipsilateral hippocampus,only Adra2 a was downregulated,and there was no significant change in Gria3.Transmission electron microscopy revealed a denser distribution the more distribution of postsynaptic glutamate receptor 2/3,which is an a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor,within 240 nm of the postsynaptic density in the contralateral cornu ammonis 3 region.The size and distribution of the synaptic vesicles within 100 nm of the presynaptic active zone were unchanged.Western blot analysis showed that modified constraint-induced movement therapy also increased the expression of glutamate receptor 2/3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion,but had no effect on Synapsin I levels.Besides,we also found modified constraint-induced movement therapy effectively reduced glutamate content in the contralateral hippocampus.This study demonstrated that modified constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective rehabilitation therapy in middle cerebral artery-occluded rats,and suggests that these positive effects occur via the upregulation of the postsynaptic membrane a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor expression.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University,China(approval No.201802173 S)on March 3,2018.

Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

Constraint-induced movement therapy after cerebral ischemia stimulates axonal growth by decreasing expression levels of Nogo-A,RhoA,and Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)in the ischemic boundary zone.However,it remains unclear if there are any associations between the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK pathway and angiogenesis in adult rat brains in pathological processes such as ischemic stroke.In addition,it has not yet been reported whether constraint-induced movement therapy can promote angiogenesis in stroke in adult rats by overcoming Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling.Here,a stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion.Seven days after stroke,the following treatments were initiated and continued for 3 weeks:forced limb use in constraint-induced movement therapy rats(constraint-induced movement therapy group),intraperitoneal infusion of fasudil(a ROCK inhibitor)in fasudil rats(fasudil group),or lateral ventricular injection of NEP1-40(a specific antagonist of the Nogo-66 receptor)in NEP1-40 rats(NEP1-40 group).Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that,at 2 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK were lower in the ischemic boundary zone in rats treated with NEP1-40 compared with rats treated with ischemia/reperfusion or constraint-induced movement therapy alone.However,at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,expression levels of RhoA and ROCK in the ischemic boundary zone were markedly decreased in the NEP1-40 and constraint-induced movement therapy groups,but there was no difference between these two groups.Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group,modified neurological severity scores and foot fault scores were lower and time taken to locate the platform was shorter in the constraint-induced movement therapy and fasudil groups at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion,especially in the constraint-induced movement therapy group.Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that fasudil promoted an immune response of nerve-regeneration-related markers(BrdU in combination with CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule),Nestin,doublecortin,NeuN,and glial fibrillary acidic protein)in the subventricular zone and ischemic boundary zone ipsilateral to the infarct.After 3 weeks of constraint-induced movement therapy,the number of regenerated nerve cells was noticeably increased,and was accompanied by an increased immune response of tight junctions(claudin-5),a pericyte marker(a-smooth muscle actin),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.Taken together,the results demonstrate that,compared with fasudil,constraint-induced movement therapy led to stronger angiogenesis and nerve regeneration ability and better nerve functional recovery at 4 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.In addition,constraint-induced movement therapy has the same degree of inhibition of RhoA and ROCK as NEP1-40.Therefore,constraint-induced movement therapy promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,at least in part by overcoming the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University,China on December 9,2015(approval No.2015 PS326 K).

Constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute and sub-acute stroke: a meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE： The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in acute and sub-acute stroke. DATA SOURCES： The key words were stroke, cerebrovascular accident, constraint-induced therapy, forced use, and randomized controlled trial. The databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Weipu Information Resources System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Med- line, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched for studies on randomized controlled trials for treating acute or sub-acute stroke published before March 2016. DATA SELECTION： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials that compared constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute or sub-acute stroke with traditional rehabilitation therapy （tradi- tional occupational therapy）. Patients were older than 18 years, had disease courses less than 6 months, and were evaluated with at least one upper extremity function scale. Study quality was evaluated, and data that met the criteria were extracted. Stata 11.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES： Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm, the action research-arm test, a motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement, the Wolf motor function test, and a modified Bar- thel index. RESULTS： A total of 16 prospective randomized controlled trials （379 patients in the constraint-induced movement-therapy group and 359 in the control group） met inclusion criteria. Analysis showed significant mean differences in favor of constraint-induced movement therapy for the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 10.822; 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）： 7.419-14.226）, the action research-arm test （WMD = 10.718; 95% CI： 5.704-15.733）, the motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement （WMD = 0.812; 95% CI： 0.331-1.293） and the modified Barthel index （WMD = 10.706; 95% CI： 4.417-16.966）. CONCLUSION： Constraint-induced movement therapy may be more beneficial than traditional rehabili- tation therapy for improving upper limb function after acute or sub-acute stroke.

Early constraint-induced movement therapy affects behavior and neuronal plasticity in ischemia-injured rat brains

Constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective rehabilitative training technique used to improve the restoration of impaired upper extremity movement after stroke. However, whether constraint-induced movement therapy is more effective than conventional rehabilitation in acute or sub-acute stroke remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to identify the optimal time to start constraint-induced movement therapy after ischemic stroke and to explore the mechanisms by which constraint-induced movement therapy leads to post-stroke recovery. Sixty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-surgery group, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, early constraint-induced movement therapy group, and late constraint-induced movement therapy group. Rat models of left middle cerebral artery occlusion were established according to the Zea Longa line embolism method. Constraint-induced movement therapy was conducted starting on day 1 or day 14 in the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups, respectively. To explore the effect of each intervention time on neuromotor function, behavioral function was assessed using a balance beam walking test before surgery and at 8 and 21 days after surgery. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and Nogo receptor were evaluated using real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay to assess the effect of each intervention time. The results showed that the behavioral score was significantly lower in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group than in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups at 8 days. At 21 days, the scores had significantly decreased in the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups. At 8 days, only mild pyknosis appeared in neurons of the ischemic penumbra in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group, which was distinctly better than in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group. At 21 days, only a few vacuolated cells were observed and no obvious inflammatory cells were visible in late constraint-induced movement therapy group, which was much better than at 8 days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor were significantly higher, but expression levels of Nogo receptor were significantly lower in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group compared with the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups at 8 days. The changes in expression levels at 21 days were larger but similar in both the early constraint-induced movement therapy and late constraint-induced movement therapy groups. Besides, the protein nerve growth factor level was higher in the late constraint-induced movement therapy group than in the early constraint-induced movement therapy group at 21 days. These results suggest that both early(1 day) and late(14 days) constraint-induced movement therapy induces molecular plasticity and facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke, as illustrated by the histology. The mechanism may be associated with downregulation of Nogo receptor expression and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor expression.

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with hemiplegia

Stroke patients with hemiplegia exhibit flexor spasms in the upper limb and extensor spasms in the lower limb, and their movement patterns vary greatly. Constraint-induced movement therapy is an upper limb rehabilitation technique used in stroke patients with hemiplegia; however, studies of lower extremity rehabilitation are scarce. In this study, stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia underwent conventional Bobath therapy for 4 weeks as baseline treatment, followed by constraint-induced movement therapy for an additional 4 weeks. The 10-m maximum walking speed and Berg balance scale scores significantly improved following treatment, and lower extremity motor function also improved. The results of functional MRI showed that constraint-induced movement therapy alleviates the reduction in cerebral functional activation in patients, which indicates activation of functional brain regions and a significant increase in cerebral blood perfusJon. These results demonstrate that constraint-induced movement therapy promotes brain functional reorganization in stroke patients with lower limb hemiplegia.

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes motor function recovery and downregulates phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase expression in ischemic brain tissue of rats

Motor function impairment is a common outcome of stroke.Constraint-induced movement therapy（CIMT）involving intensive use of the impaired limb while restraining the unaffected limb is widely used to overcome the effects of＇learned non-use＇and improve limb function after stroke.However,the underlying mechanism of CIMT remains unclear.In the present study,rats were randomly divided into a middle cerebral artery occlusion（model）group,a CIMT＋model（CIMT）group,or a sham group.Restriction of the affected limb by plaster cast was performed in the CIMT and sham groups.Compared with the model group,CIMT significantly improved the forelimb functional performance in rats.By western blot assay,the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi of cerebral ischemic rats in the CIMT group was significantly lower than that in the model group,and was similar to sham group levels.These data suggest that functional recovery after CIMT may be related to decreased expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase in the bilateral cortex and hippocampi.

太乙针灸联合改良强制性运动疗法治疗脑梗死偏瘫的临床效果

目的回顾性分析太乙针灸联合改良强制性运动疗法(mCIMT)治疗脑梗死偏瘫患者的疗效及对患者肌力、平衡能力、生活质量的影响。方法选取新郑华信民生医院2021年12月至2023年5月收治的82例脑梗死偏瘫患者病历资料,根据不同治疗方案分为两组,各41例。对照组采用mCIMT,联合组行太乙针灸联合mCIMT。对比两组疗效、肌力与平衡能力、踝背肌电图参数[胫前肌、腓肠肌积分肌电值(iEMG)]、功能性步行能力、10 m步行测试(10MWT)及生活质量。结果联合组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组腓肠肌iEMG(52.60±6.37)μV/s低于对照组(47.91±7.26)μV/s,平衡、肌力评分与胫前肌iEMG分别为(35.16±5.72)分、(4.01±0.32)分、(37.62±6.11)μV/s,高于对照组的(29.63±6.14)分、(3.74±0.51)分、(40.51±5.90)μV/s(P<0.05);治疗后联合组功能性步行能力分级改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组步长、步速、步频分别为(0.61±0.13)m、(0.54±0.17)m/s、(76.13±6.39)步/min,高于对照组的(0.54±0.15)m、(0.47±0.12)m/s、(70.16±5.97)步/min,能量消耗指数(0.72±0.21)低于对照组(0.83±0.26),P<0.05;治疗后联合组生活质量评分(195.87±27.23)分高于对照组(168.99±24.71)分(P<0.05)。结论太乙针灸联合mCIMT治疗脑梗死偏瘫疗效确切,可缓解肌肉痉挛,改善肌力、平衡与功能性步行能力,提高生活质量。

改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术在老年脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢康复护理干预中的应用

目的探讨改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术在老年脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢康复护理干预中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1—12月广东医科大学附属第三医院门诊收治的84例老年脑卒中上肢偏瘫患者,采用随机数表法分为常规组(n=42)和联合组(n=42),其中常规组患者采用新Bobath疗法进行康复治疗,联合组采用改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术进行干预。比较干预前后的改良Ashworth分级评定表、改良Barthel指数、简式Fugl-Meyer评分表、临床神经功能缺损程度评定量表的得分。结果干预后联合组的改良Ashworth分级评定疗效优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组改良Barthel指数评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组简式Fugl-Meyer评分表评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后联合组临床神经功能缺损程度评定量表评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良强制性运动疗法联合新Bobath技术更能有效改善老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的上肢功能,提高日常生活质量。

Therapies for children with cerebral palsy A Web of Science-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in three therapies for children with cerebral palsy. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on therapies for children with cerebral palsy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on botulinum toxin, constraint-induced movement therapy, or acupuncture for children with cerebral palsy indexed in Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and （c） publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Number of publications on the three therapies; （2） annual publication output, distribution by journals, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on botulinum toxin; （3） annual publication output, distribution by journal, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on constraint-induced movement therapy; （4） annual publication, distribution by journal, distribution by institution, and top-cited articles on acupuncture. RESULTS： This analysis, based on Web of Science articles, identified several research trends in studies published over the past 10 years of three therapies for children with cerebral palsy. More articles on botulinum toxin for treating children with cerebral palsy were published than the articles regarding constraint-induced movement therapy or acupuncture. The numbers of publications increased over the 10-year study period. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on neurology, such as Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology and Journal of Child Neurology.Research institutes publishing on botulinum toxin treatments for this population are mostly in the Netherlands, the United States of America, and Australia; those publishing on constraint-induced movement therapy are mostly in Australia and the United States of America; and those publishing on acupuncture are mostly in China, Sweden and the United States of America.CONCLUSION： Analysis of literature and research trends indicated that there was no one specific therapy to cure cerebral palsy. Further studies are still necessary.

经颅直流电刺激联合改良强制性使用技术在脑卒中患者中的疗效观察

目的:探索经颅直流电刺激联合改良强制性使用对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法:84名脑卒中患者随机分为A、B、C3组,A组采取常规康复方案,B组在A组基础上增加改良强制性使用技术,C组在B组基础上增加经颅直流电刺激,对3组患者在治疗前(T1)、治疗2周(T2)、治疗4周(T3)、出院后1个月(T4)、出院后2个月(T5)时进行改良Barthel指数(MBI)、Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评估表(FMA-UE)和Wolf运动功能评分(WMFT)并进一步分析。结果:3组患者MBI、FMA-UE、WMFT结果显示组别与时间存在交互作用(F=28.96,F=16.64,F=56.11,均P<0.01)。3个结局指标中各组组间比较显示:B组较A组,在T1、T2时差异无统计学意义,在T3、T4、T5时,B组3项评分均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组较A组,在T1时差异无统计学意义,在T2、T3、T4、T5时,C组3项评分均高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组较B组,在T1、T2时差异无统计学意义,在T3、T4、T5时C组3项评分均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经颅直流电刺激联合改良版强制性使用技术能有效改善脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和日常生活能力,且疗效在疗程结束后可以继续保持。

mCIMT疗法对老年脑卒中偏瘫患者神经功能、上肢功能障碍及氧化应激水平的影响

目的探索改良限制-诱导运动(mCIMT)疗法对老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的应用价值。方法选取荥阳市人民医院2020年11月至2021年10月收治的129例老年脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为管理组和改良组。管理组64例在不限制健侧的前提下患肢每天进行团体作业治疗及自我管理活动,改良组65例则给予mCIMT,对比两组神经功能、上肢功能、氧化应激反应。结果两组干预8周末美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)、临床神经功能缺损程度量表(NDS)、改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分较干预前降低,改良组低于管理组(P<0.05)。两组干预8周末Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、上肢动作研究量表(ARAT)、运动活动日志-动作完成质量(MAL-QOM)和运动活动日志-患手使用频率(MAL-AOU)评分较干预前升高,改良组高于管理组(P<0.05)。两组干预8周末晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)水平较干预前降低,改良组低于管理组;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平较干预前升高,改良组高于管理组(P<0.05)。结论mCIMT可调节脑卒中偏瘫患者氧化应激反应,改善神经功能,调节上肢功能。

改良和传统强制性运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能疗效的临床观察

目的观察改良强制性运动疗法和强制性运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者手功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法选取58例符合入选标准的脑卒中偏瘫患者,随机分为改良组(27例)和强制组(31例)。强制组和改良组采用限制健侧肢体动作,在治疗期间要求患者穿戴吊带和夹板,每天清醒时固定时间不少于90%,强制组每日6 h,每周训练5d,连续2周;改良组在治疗环境中进行,每日2 h,每周3次,其它时间在日常生活活动中进行训练,连续10周。治疗前、后分别采用简易上肢机能检查量表(STEF)和Barthel指数(BI)评价患者的上肢运动功能。结果两组患者在治疗前,STEF和Barthel指数中的10项评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过治疗后,组内评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,STEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),BI差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论改良强制性运动疗法和强制性运动疗法可以有效提高偏瘫患者上肢的灵活性和运动速度。改良强制性运动疗法在改善日常生活活动能力方面明显优于强制性运动疗法。

改制强制性运动疗法对脑卒中上肢运动功能的影响

目的研究改制的强制性运动疗法(mCIMT)对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能障碍的疗效。方法选取脑卒中偏瘫患者30例,分成mCIMT组和对照组,每组15例。mCIMT组不限制健手的使用,患肢接受重复、密集的行为再塑的技术强化训练,6h/d,5d/周,连续训练2周。对照组采用常规治疗方法进行训练。疗效评测使用运动活动日志(MAL)和简易上肢功能检查(STEF),分别于治疗前、治疗后2周、1个月和3个月进行疗效评定。结果两组治疗2周后MAL指数和STEF分数均明显高于治疗前(P<0.01);mCIMT组在治疗结束1个月和3个月的MAL指数和STEF分数较治疗前均明显提高(P<0.01);治疗组与对照组疗效比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);对照组治疗后1和3个月的MAL指数和STEF分数与治疗前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论mCIMT能显著提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的上肢运动功能,其疗效明显优于常规康复方法。

改良强制性运动疗法在脑卒中后上肢功能恢复中应用的研究进展

改良强制性运动疗法(m CIMT)是在强制性运动疗法(CIMT)基础上改进而来,用于偏瘫患者功能训练与康复的方法。它对适用对象有功能和年龄方面的要求,训练方案较CIMT更灵活。训练动作、强度、训练及限制时间与频率构成训练方案的主要内容。m CIMT也被用来与其他康复手段联合使用。上肢运动功能评定方法很多;可采用"行为合同"和"运动日志"等方法保证m CIMT疗效。

改良强制性运动疗法治疗脑卒中后下肢运动功能障碍

目的:研究改良强制性运动疗法对脑卒中后下肢运动功能障碍的康复效果。方法:稳定型脑卒中偏瘫患者96例,随机分为强化组和对照组各48例,均在常规治疗基础上,强化组给予改良强制性运动疗法,对照组给予常规康复治疗。治疗前后2组均采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评价平衡能力;简式Fugl-Meyer评价法(FMA-L)评价下肢功能;Holden步行功能分级量表(FAC)评价行走能力,独立功能量表(FIM)评价ADL。结果:治疗8周后,2组FMA-L、BBS、FAC及FIM评分与治疗前比较均有明显上升(P<0.05,0.01),且强化组较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后2组能独立步行的比例较治疗前明显提升,强化组更高于对照组(72.9%与54.2%,P<0.05)。结论:配合改良强制性运动疗法能够最大程度促进脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能的恢复。

改良强制性运动对老年帕金森病患者运动功能的影响

目的探讨改良强制性运动对于老年帕金森病患者运动功能的影响。方法将39例原发性帕金森病老年患者随机分为治疗组（20例）和对照组（19例），均按常规神经内科治疗，并接受试验前、后两次康复讲座和咨询，治疗组进行8W的改良强制性运动训练。试验前后对两组患者进行简易上肢机能检查和Berg平衡量表评价。结果两组患者简易上肢机能检查评分均有改善，治疗组评分提高（20．7±15．17），对照组评分提高（6．69±9．99），差异有统计学意义沪〈0．01）。Berg平衡量表评分两组均有改善，治疗组评分提高（5．7±4．5）分，对照组提高（2．1±2．5）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论改良强制性运动对帕金森病患者上肢运动功能和下肢平衡协调能力提高有较好的疗效。

改良强制性使用运动疗法对急性期脑卒中患者上肢功能的影响

目的观察改良强制性使用运动疗法（CIMT）对急性期脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的康复疗效。方法选择自2009年4月~2010年2月住院的急性期脑卒中伴上肢功能障碍患者25例,随机分为改良强制性使用运动治疗组（改良组,13例）及常规康复治疗组（常规组,12例）。改良组给予改良强制性使用运动疗法治疗,仅在治疗时间内给予健侧上肢配带限制性手套限制,同时给予集中强化的塑形训练;常规组给予主被动关节活动、神经发育疗法及功能性电刺激等治疗,两组均每天治疗4 h,每周5 d,连续2周。两组在治疗前后采用简式Fugl-M eyer运动评价表（FMA）、上肢动作研究量表（ARAT）及改良Barthel指数（MB I）进行评分。结果常规组治疗后FMA、ARAT及MB I评分较治疗前有明显提高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,改良组治疗后ARAT、FMA及MB I评分较治疗前显著提高（P〈0.01）;改良组治疗后各项评分较常规组明显提高（P〈0.05）。结论改良强制性使用运动疗法对急性期脑卒中患者上肢功能恢复具有积极的治疗作用,可提高患者偏瘫上肢运动功能,改善日常生活活动能力,提高生活质量。

基于虚拟反馈技术的改良强制性运动疗法在脑卒中恢复期患者上肢功能恢复中的临床应用

目的:观察基于虚拟反馈技术的改良强制性运动疗法在脑卒中恢复期患者上肢功能恢复中的临床应用。方法:采用随机数字表法将40例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为观察组及对照组,每组20例。2组患者均给予常规上肢功能训练和病房监督指导训练,观察组患者在此基础上辅以基于虚拟反馈技术的改良强制性运动训练,治疗周期为4周。于治疗前、治疗4周后对2组患者Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表上肢评测部分(FMA-UE)、简易上肢机能检查(STEF)及运动活动记录表(MAL)中的患肢使用数量(MAL-AOU)和患肢活动质量(MAL-QOM)进行评估对比。结果:治疗后2组患者FMA-UE、STEF、MAL-AOU和MAL-QOM评分均较治疗前明显提高(均P<0.05),且治疗组患者治疗后各项评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在常规上肢康复干预基础上辅以基于虚拟反馈技术的改良强制性运动训练,能进一步促进脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者上肢功能的改善,对提高患者生活质量具有重要意义。

拮抗针法结合改良强制性运动疗法对脑梗死后上肢痉挛状态的影响

目的:研究拮抗针法结合改良强制性运动疗法对脑梗死患者上肢痉挛状态的影响。方法:将符合纳入标准100例脑梗死上肢痉挛状态患者随机分为拮抗针法结合改良强制性运动疗组(治疗组)和巴氯芬组(对照组),各50例。采用改良Ashworth分级评定法和Fugl Meyer运动功能(FMA)评分法评价临床疗效。结果:治疗组治疗后Ashworth及FMA评分优于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:拮抗针法结合改良强制性运动疗法能显著改善脑梗死后的上肢痉挛状态,综合临床疗效优于巴氯芬。