本课取材于广州版小学英语第三册Module5 Unit14 《Is This a Car？》给定的情景是外星人Billy造访地球,与几个孩子围绕交通工具展开问答。这样的情境若按照传统教学,可能会由句型操练,到播放课件,到跟读课文,再制作一个外星人头饰,分...本课取材于广州版小学英语第三册Module5 Unit14 《Is This a Car？》给定的情景是外星人Billy造访地球,与几个孩子围绕交通工具展开问答。这样的情境若按照传统教学,可能会由句型操练,到播放课件,到跟读课文,再制作一个外星人头饰,分角色表演。学生对此没有太多兴趣,教师也常常苦于情境创设的艰难,这就给白板提供了用武之地。展开更多
人教版Module5 Unit1Great scientists Using Language中有这样一个句子：
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定...人教版Module5 Unit1Great scientists Using Language中有这样一个句子：
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。展开更多
教学目标: 1.认识和了解房间的英文名称。 2.通过参与任务型活动学习课文内容,使用句型Where are you?和Are they in…?进行询问并做出相应的回答。 3.培养学生的创新精神,提高学生用英语做事情的能力。 教学重点:准确认读运用有关房间...教学目标: 1.认识和了解房间的英文名称。 2.通过参与任务型活动学习课文内容,使用句型Where are you?和Are they in…?进行询问并做出相应的回答。 3.培养学生的创新精神,提高学生用英语做事情的能力。 教学重点:准确认读运用有关房间的词汇及句型Where are you?Are they in… 教学难点:两会单词:diningroom,lounge,bathroom,bedroom,kitchen,sleep(sleeping) 教学用具:CAI、图画纸、房间等词汇图片。展开更多
在桂林市教育局举办的2014年争当＂教学能手＂劳动竞赛活动中,唐娜老师展示了一节初中英语听说课——教学外研版八年级上Module5 Lao She Teahouse Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera一课。该课课堂教学设计新颖,突破了传统的...在桂林市教育局举办的2014年争当＂教学能手＂劳动竞赛活动中,唐娜老师展示了一节初中英语听说课——教学外研版八年级上Module5 Lao She Teahouse Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera一课。该课课堂教学设计新颖,突破了传统的听说课教学模式,受到了专家评委的一致好评,最终荣获本次竞赛一等奖。为了展示作者设计革新的思路,本刊特约唐娜老师结合自己的试教、磨课经历,在展示获奖课例教学过程的同时,分析初中英语听说课教学中的常见问题,并就初中英语听说课的有效教学提出教学建议。展开更多
Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis...Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura(ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase,in rice(Oryza sativa)immunity and its associated regulatory network.We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M.oryzae strain or to chitin treatment.OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases,as well as chitin-triggered immunity.Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module,which enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae.The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation,preventing its negative effect on rice immunity.This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.展开更多
Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHO GENIC1(COP1)and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs(PIFs)are negative regulators,and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5)is a positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenic development.Here,we...Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHO GENIC1(COP1)and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs(PIFs)are negative regulators,and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5)is a positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenic development.Here,we report that SICKLE(SIC),a proline rich protein,acts as a novel negative regulator of photomorphogenesis.HY5 directly binds the SIC promoter and activates SIC expression in response to light.In turn,SIC physically interacts with HY5 and interferes with its transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes.Moreover,SIC interacts with PIF4 and promotes PIF4-activated transcription of itself.Interestingly,SIC is targeted by COP1 for 26S proteasomemediated degradation in the dark.Collectively,our data demonstrate that light-induced SIC functions as a brake to prevent exaggerated light response via mediating HY5 and PIF4 signaling,and its degradation by COP1 in the dark avoid too strong inhibition on photomorphogenesis at the beginning of light exposure.展开更多
Background Methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （Dipyrone）, an antipyretic and analgesic drug, has been demonstrated to improve cerebral ischemia through the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death cascades. The aim of t...Background Methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （Dipyrone）, an antipyretic and analgesic drug, has been demonstrated to improve cerebral ischemia through the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death cascades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential photoprotective activity of methanesulfonic acid sodium salt in a model of light-induced retinopathy. Methods One hundred mice were assigned randomly into vehicle （V）, methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （D）, light damage model plus vehicle （MV） and light damage model plus methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （MD） groups （n=25 each）. In the MD group, methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （100 mg/kg） was administered by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before light exposure. Twenty-four hours after light exposure, hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used for histological evaluation. The thickness of the outer plus inner-segment and outer nuclear layer was measured on sections parallel to the vertical meridian of the eye at a distance of 1000 I^m from the optic nerve. Electroretinography （ERG） test was performed to assess the functional change. The morphology of mitochondria was also revealed by TEM. Finally, the expression of cytochrome c （CytC） and the relative apoptotic proteins were detected by Western blotting, and the interaction between mitochondrial proteins was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. Results The photoreceptor inner and outer segments of the MV group were significantly disorganized than the MD group. The thicknesses of the outer plus inner-segment layers and the outer nuclear layer, and the amplitudes of the a and b waves of the scotopic ERG response markedly decreased in the MV group compared to those in the MD group （P 〈0.05）. TEM examination revealed that the mitochondria of the MV group were distinctly swollen and contained disrupted cristae. In contrast, the morphology of mitochondria in the MD group was unaffected. Western blotting analysis showed that CytC, apoptosis proteinase activating factor-1 （Apaf-1）, caspase 3, p53, p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis （PUMA）, Bax, and Bad were increased, whereas the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were significantly decreased in the MV group than the MD group. Co-immunoprecipitation detection revealed that PUMA immunoreactivity precipitated by Bcl-XL decreased, whereas Bax immunoreactivity precipitated by Bcl-XL increased in the MD group compared to those in the MV group. Conclusion Methanesulfonic acid sodium salt is an effective photoprotective agent against light-induced retinopathy through the inhibition of CytC-mediated mitochondrial impairment.展开更多
Oligomer (OMPA) with N(O,Odiisopropyl) phosphoryl arginine (DIPPArg) has been synthesized and its structure has been identified by IR, 1H NMR,31P NMR, and elemental analysis. The functional conversion ratio of this re...Oligomer (OMPA) with N(O,Odiisopropyl) phosphoryl arginine (DIPPArg) has been synthesized and its structure has been identified by IR, 1H NMR,31P NMR, and elemental analysis. The functional conversion ratio of this reaction was found to be about 30%. The effect of OMPA on the 5hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor was studied by a functional test of constriction in rat blood vessels. The results showed that OMPA inhibited 5HT receptorinduced blood vessels constrictions with pD2 values of 565±021 (OMPA) and 745± 030 (DIPPArg) and exhibited significant pharmacological action of antagonism effect on the 5HT receptor.展开更多
文摘本课取材于广州版小学英语第三册Module5 Unit14 《Is This a Car？》给定的情景是外星人Billy造访地球,与几个孩子围绕交通工具展开问答。这样的情境若按照传统教学,可能会由句型操练,到播放课件,到跟读课文,再制作一个外星人头饰,分角色表演。学生对此没有太多兴趣,教师也常常苦于情境创设的艰难,这就给白板提供了用武之地。
文摘人教版Module5 Unit1Great scientists Using Language中有这样一个句子：
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
文摘教学目标: 1.认识和了解房间的英文名称。 2.通过参与任务型活动学习课文内容,使用句型Where are you?和Are they in…?进行询问并做出相应的回答。 3.培养学生的创新精神,提高学生用英语做事情的能力。 教学重点:准确认读运用有关房间的词汇及句型Where are you?Are they in… 教学难点:两会单词:diningroom,lounge,bathroom,bedroom,kitchen,sleep(sleeping) 教学用具:CAI、图画纸、房间等词汇图片。
文摘在桂林市教育局举办的2014年争当＂教学能手＂劳动竞赛活动中,唐娜老师展示了一节初中英语听说课——教学外研版八年级上Module5 Lao She Teahouse Unit 1 I wanted to see the Beijing Opera一课。该课课堂教学设计新颖,突破了传统的听说课教学模式,受到了专家评委的一致好评,最终荣获本次竞赛一等奖。为了展示作者设计革新的思路,本刊特约唐娜老师结合自己的试教、磨课经历,在展示获奖课例教学过程的同时,分析初中英语听说课教学中的常见问题,并就初中英语听说课的有效教学提出教学建议。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072403 and 31871945)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100600).
文摘Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity,with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process.Here,we report the functions of OsATL32,a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura(ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase,in rice(Oryza sativa)immunity and its associated regulatory network.We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M.oryzae strain or to chitin treatment.OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases,as well as chitin-triggered immunity.Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module,which enhances rice immunity against M.oryzae.The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation,preventing its negative effect on rice immunity.This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670288)the Talent Support Program of Henan Agricultural University(to H.Z)。
文摘Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHO GENIC1(COP1)and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs(PIFs)are negative regulators,and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5)is a positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenic development.Here,we report that SICKLE(SIC),a proline rich protein,acts as a novel negative regulator of photomorphogenesis.HY5 directly binds the SIC promoter and activates SIC expression in response to light.In turn,SIC physically interacts with HY5 and interferes with its transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes.Moreover,SIC interacts with PIF4 and promotes PIF4-activated transcription of itself.Interestingly,SIC is targeted by COP1 for 26S proteasomemediated degradation in the dark.Collectively,our data demonstrate that light-induced SIC functions as a brake to prevent exaggerated light response via mediating HY5 and PIF4 signaling,and its degradation by COP1 in the dark avoid too strong inhibition on photomorphogenesis at the beginning of light exposure.
文摘Background Methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （Dipyrone）, an antipyretic and analgesic drug, has been demonstrated to improve cerebral ischemia through the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death cascades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential photoprotective activity of methanesulfonic acid sodium salt in a model of light-induced retinopathy. Methods One hundred mice were assigned randomly into vehicle （V）, methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （D）, light damage model plus vehicle （MV） and light damage model plus methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （MD） groups （n=25 each）. In the MD group, methanesulfonic acid sodium salt （100 mg/kg） was administered by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before light exposure. Twenty-four hours after light exposure, hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used for histological evaluation. The thickness of the outer plus inner-segment and outer nuclear layer was measured on sections parallel to the vertical meridian of the eye at a distance of 1000 I^m from the optic nerve. Electroretinography （ERG） test was performed to assess the functional change. The morphology of mitochondria was also revealed by TEM. Finally, the expression of cytochrome c （CytC） and the relative apoptotic proteins were detected by Western blotting, and the interaction between mitochondrial proteins was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. Results The photoreceptor inner and outer segments of the MV group were significantly disorganized than the MD group. The thicknesses of the outer plus inner-segment layers and the outer nuclear layer, and the amplitudes of the a and b waves of the scotopic ERG response markedly decreased in the MV group compared to those in the MD group （P 〈0.05）. TEM examination revealed that the mitochondria of the MV group were distinctly swollen and contained disrupted cristae. In contrast, the morphology of mitochondria in the MD group was unaffected. Western blotting analysis showed that CytC, apoptosis proteinase activating factor-1 （Apaf-1）, caspase 3, p53, p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis （PUMA）, Bax, and Bad were increased, whereas the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were significantly decreased in the MV group than the MD group. Co-immunoprecipitation detection revealed that PUMA immunoreactivity precipitated by Bcl-XL decreased, whereas Bax immunoreactivity precipitated by Bcl-XL increased in the MD group compared to those in the MV group. Conclusion Methanesulfonic acid sodium salt is an effective photoprotective agent against light-induced retinopathy through the inhibition of CytC-mediated mitochondrial impairment.
文摘Oligomer (OMPA) with N(O,Odiisopropyl) phosphoryl arginine (DIPPArg) has been synthesized and its structure has been identified by IR, 1H NMR,31P NMR, and elemental analysis. The functional conversion ratio of this reaction was found to be about 30%. The effect of OMPA on the 5hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor was studied by a functional test of constriction in rat blood vessels. The results showed that OMPA inhibited 5HT receptorinduced blood vessels constrictions with pD2 values of 565±021 (OMPA) and 745± 030 (DIPPArg) and exhibited significant pharmacological action of antagonism effect on the 5HT receptor.
