Exploration of the Evaluation Method for the Soothing Effect of UV Induced Human Skin Damage Model

To explore the method of evaluating the soothing effect of human skin damage,a human skin damage model was established using UV light induction.Four test areas were set up,namely blank control area,UV damage prevention and soothing area,immediate soothing area after UV damage and soothing area after UV damage.Five skin parameters,including skin melanin,red pigment value,skin pigmentation value,a*value,and skin redness value,were used to characterize skin pigmentation before and after using the sample Changes in properties such as skin erythema and skin pigment.The results showed that the method showed significant changes in the skin condition of volunteers before and after using the sample,and could achieve a soothing effect,which has certain reference significance.

The‘skin effect’of subsurface damage distribution in materials subjected to high-speed machining

This paper proposes the‘skin effect’of the machining-induced damage at high strain rates.The paper first reviews the published research work on machining-induced damage and then identifies the governing factors that dominate damage formation mechanisms.Among many influential factors,such as stress-strain field,temperature field,material responses to loading and loading rate,and crack initiation and propagation,strain rate is recognized as a dominant factor that can directly lead to the‘skin effect’of material damage in a loading process.The paper elucidates that material deformation at high strain rates(>103 s−1)leads to the embrittlement,which in turn contributes to the‘skin effect’of subsurface damage.The paper discusses the‘skin effect’based on the principles of dislocation kinetics and crack initiation and propagation.It provides guidance to predicting the material deformation and damage at a high strain-rate for applications ranging from the armor protection,quarrying,petroleum drilling,and high-speed machining of engineering materials(e.g.ceramics and SiC reinforced aluminum alloys).

Quantification of thermal damage in skin tissue

Skin thermal damage or skin burns are the most commonly encountered type of trauma in civilian and military communities. Besides, advances in laser, microwave and similar technologies have led to recent developments of thermal treatments for disease and damage involving skin tissue, where the objective is to induce thermal damage precisely within targeted tissue structures but without affecting the surrounding, healthy tissue. Further, extended pain sensation induced by thermal damage has also brought great problem for burn patients. Thus, it is of great importance to quantify the thermal damage in skin tissue. In this paper, the available models and experimental methods for quantification of thermal damage in skin tissue are discussed.

Protective Effects of a Novel Preparation Consists of Concentrated Dead Sea Water and Natural Plants Extracts against Skin Photo-Damage

Background: Exposure to solar UV rays has deleterious effects on skin appearance through physiological and structural alterations that eventually lead to skin photo-damage. Aims: To test the photo-protective effect of a novel preparation, Dead Sea Osmoter Concentrate (DSOC), containing high concentration of Dead Sea water. Methods: Human skin organ culture was used as a model to assess the biological effects of UVB irradiation and the protective effect of topical application of DSOC preparation. Skin pieces were analyzed for mitochondrial activity by Alamar blue (resazurin) assay, for apoptosis by caspase 3 assay, for detoxification by proteasome 20S sub-unit activity and for skin hydration by aquaporin 3 (AQP3) membrane channels expression. Human subjects were tested to evaluate the effect of DSOC Serum, a topical formula for facial skin, on skin hydration by a corneometer. Results: UVB irradiation induced cell apoptosis in the epidermis of skin organ cultures and decreased their proteasome activity and AQP3 expression. Topical application of DSOC significantly attenuated all these effects. In human subjects, an elevation in the intense skin moisture, which was higher relatively to subjects’ regular moisturizer, was observed. Moreover, DSOC Serum boosted the hydration effect together with regular moisturizer. Conclusions: The results clearly demonstrate that DSOC preparation can significantly improve the skin capability in coping with UVB rays stress in different cellular functions such as anti-apoptotic properties as well as detoxification and hydration recovery that can attenuate biological effects of skin photo-damage. Topical application of DSOC Serum had contributed to skin appearance by a strong hydration impact, also as a booster.

Protection from Near-Infrared to Prevent Skin Damage

Over half of the solar energy consists of near-infrared, and in addition to natural near-infrared, humans are increasingly exposed to artificial near-infrared from electrical appliances. Thus, we are exposed to tremendous amounts of near-infrared. Despite the wide prevalence of a variety of ultraviolet blocking materials, the necessity to protect against near-infrared has not been well recognized. To clarify the necessity to protect against near-infrared, we assessed cell viability of human fibroblast cells after water-filtered broad-spectrum near-infrared (1100 - 1800 nm together with a water-filter that excludes wavelengths 1400 - 1500 nm) treatment using 2 sets of transparent polycarbonate plates, one to block ultraviolet and the other to block both ultraviolet and near-infrared. The cell viability was significantly decreased after 10 rounds of near-infrared irradiation at 20 J/cm2 in near-infrared treated cells without a protective polycarbonate plate and near-infrared treated cells using the polycarbonate plate to block only ultraviolet. Assuming that the cell viability of the non-irradiated control to be 100, the cell viability of the near-infrared treated cells without any protection was 0.2. The cell viability of the near-infrared treated cells with the polycarbonate plate to block only ultraviolet was 0.3, whereas both ultraviolet and near-infrared protected cells retained a viability of 85.1. The results of this study indicate that protection from not only ultraviolet but also near-infrared should be considered to prevent skin damage.

Subsection and superposition method for reservoir formation damage evaluation of complex-structure wells

Kinds of complex-structure wells can effectively improve production,which are widely used.However,in the process of drilling and completion,complex-structure wells with long drilling cycle and large exposed area of reservoir can lead to the fact that reservoir near wellbore is more vulnerable to the working fluid invasion,resulting in more serious formation damage.In order to quantitatively describe the reservoir formation damage in the construction of complex-structure well,taking the inclined well section as the research object,the coordinate transformation method and conformal transformation method are given according to the flow characteristics of reservoir near wellbore in anisotropic reservoir.Then the local skin factor in orthogonal plane of wellbore is deduced.Considering the un-even distribution of local skin factor along the wellbore,the oscillation decreasing model and empirical equation model of damage zone radius distribution along the wellbore direction are established and then the total skin factor model of the whole well is superimposed to realize the reservoir damage evaluation of complex-structure wells.Combining the skin factor model with the production model,the production of complex-structure wells can be predicted more accurately.The two field application cases show that the accuracy of the model can be more than 90%,which can also fully reflect the invasion characteristics of drilling and completion fluid in any well section of complex-structure wells in anisotropic reservoir,so as to further provide guidance for the scientific establish-ment of reservoir production system.

The main causes and corresponding solutions of skin pigmentation in the body

The skin's normal color is primarily determined by the quantity and distribution of pigment,the level of hemoglobin in the skin's blood vessels,and various optical factors.Additionally,mechanical damage from clothing renders certain areas of the body more susceptible to hyperpigmentation,such as the elbows and knees.According to research,various factors such as gender and weight have been found to influence skin color.The mechanism of body skin pigmentation has been extensively studied with a particular focus on melanogenesis and related signaling pathways.Therefore,this article primarily focuses on elucidating the mechanisms governing body pigmentation while discussing strategies for managing skin whitening,encompassing influential factors and whitening methods.

Local Proinflammatory Effects of Repeated Skin Exposure to Warfarin, An Anticoagulant Rodenticide in Rats

Objective： To evaluate the effects of epicutaneous application of anticoagulant warfarin, by examining the presence of tissue injury and immune/inflammatory activity in exposed skin. Methods： Rats were exposed to warfarin by applying 10 μg of warfarin‐sodium to 10‐12 cm 2 skin （range 0.8‐1 μg per 1 cm 2 ） for 3 consecutive days. Tissue injury was evaluated by lipid peroxidation, histomorphological changes and signs of reparative activity in skin. T cell infiltration and selected aspects of epidermal cell activity were examined as indicators of immune/inflammatory skin response to warfarin application. Results： Repeated warfarin application exerted no effect on skin metabolic viability, but resulted in tissue injury （increased malondialdehyde, MDA, production, evident histo‐morphological changes in epidermis and dermis depicting cell injury and death）. Increased numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA ＋ ） cells indicated reparative processes in injured skin. Infiltration of CD3 ＋ cells （T lymphocytes） along with the increased production of tumor necrosis factor‐α （TNF‐α） by epidermal cells from warfarin‐treated skin and their co‐stimulatory effect in an in vitro T‐cell activation assay demonstrated immunomodulatory effects of epicutaneous warfarin. Conclusion： Presented data have documented tissue damage associated with immune/ inflammatory activity in skin exposed to warfarin. Observed effects are relevant to immunotoxic potential of this anticoagulant in settings of external exposure.

The CUL4A ubiquitin ligase is a potential therapeutic target in skin cancer and other malignancies

Cullin 4A(CUL4A)is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that directly affects DNA repair and cell cycle progression by targeting substrates including damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2(DDB2),xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C(XPC),chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1(Cdt1),and p21.Recent work from our laboratory has shown that Cul4a-deficient mice have greatly reduced rates of ultraviolet-induced skin carcinomas.On a cellular level,Cul4a-deficient cells have great capacity for DNA repair and demonstrate a slow rate of proliferation due primarily to increased expression of DDB2 and p21,respectively.This suggests that CUL4A promotes tumorigenesis(as well as accumulation of skin damage and subsequent premature aging)by limiting DNA repair activity and expediting S phase entry.In addition,CUL4A has been found to be up-regulated via gene amplification or overexpression in breast cancers,hepatocellular carcinomas,squamous cell carcinomas,adrenocortical carcinomas,childhood medulloblastomas,and malignant pleural mesotheliomas.Because of its oncogenic activity in skin cancer and up-regulation in other malignancies,CUL4A has arisen as a potential candidate for targeted therapeutic approaches.In this review,we outline the established functions of CUL4A and discuss the E3ligase’s emergence as a potential driver of tumorigenesis.

Polyneuropathy organomegaly endocrinopathy M-protein and skin changes syndrome with ascites as an early-stage manifestation:A case report

BACKGROUND Polyneuropathy organomegaly endocrinopathy M-protein and skin changes(POEMS)syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by a potential plasma cell tumor.The clinical manifestations of POEMS syndrome are diverse.Due to the insidious onset and lack of specific early-stage manifestations,POEMS syndrome is easily misdiagnosed or never diagnosed,leading to delayed treatment.Neurological symptoms are usually the first clinical manifestation,while ascites is a rare symptom in patients with POEMS syndrome.CASE SUMMARY A female patient presented with unexplained ascites as an initial symptom,which is a rare early-stage manifestation of the condition.After 1 year,the patient gradually developed progressive renal impairment,anemia,polyserosal effusion,edema,swollen lymph nodes on the neck,armpits,and groin,and decreased muscle strength of the lower extremities.The patient was eventually diagnosed with POEMS syndrome after multidisciplinary team discussion.Treatment comprised bortezomib+dexamethasone,continuous renal replacement therapy,chest and abdominal closed drainage,transfusions of erythrocytes and platelets,and other symptomatic and supportive treatments.The patient’s condition initially improved after treatment.However,then her symptoms worsened,and she succumbed to the illness and died.CONCLUSION Ascites is a potential early manifestation of POEMS syndrome,and this diagnosis should be considered for patients with unexplained ascites.Furthermore,multidisciplinary team discussion is helpful in diagnosing POEMS syndrome.

基于YOLOv7通道冗余改进的飞机蒙皮损伤检测

为提高蒙皮损伤检测的自动化程度,提出一种基于改进YOLOv7通道冗余的机器视觉检测方法。首先针对飞机蒙皮损伤数据集背景单一的特点,提出增强型颈部特征融合改进算法,提高了飞机蒙皮损伤的识别精度和检测速度;其次针对主干特征提取网络的卷积通道冗余的问题,引入部分卷积PConv(Partial convolution),提出主干特征提取网络轻量化,减少模型的参数量,同时提高损伤的识别效率。试验部分首先在飞机蒙皮损伤数据集上探索了不同增强型颈部特征融合改进算法,确定了最优的改进方案;接着在飞机蒙皮损伤数据集上做消融和对比试验,改进算法与原YOLOv7算法比较,mAP(Mean average precision)提升了2.3%,FPS(Frames per second)提升了22.1 f/s,模型参数量降低了34.13%;最后将改进的YOLOv7模型与主流目标检测模型对比,证明了改进算法的先进性。

根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生尿路造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤的影响因素

目的探讨根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生尿路造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤(PMASD)的影响因素。方法选取100例行根治性膀胱切除术治疗的膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,根据术后3个月是否发生PMASD分为发生组与未发生组。收集两组患者的一般资料和临床资料,分析根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生PMASD的影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估影响因素的预测价值。结果根治性膀胱切除术后患者PMASD的发生率为32.00%(32/100)。相比于未发生组,发生组的体质指数、造口渗漏次数更高,自我护理能力测定(ESCA)量表评分更低(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,体质指数、造口渗漏次数、ESCA量表评分是根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生PMASD的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,体质指数、造口渗漏次数、ESCA量表评分预测根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生PMASD的曲线下面积分别为0.921、0.622、0.855,体质指数和ESCA量表评分的曲线下面积大于造口渗漏次数的曲线下面积(P<0.05)。结论根治性膀胱切除术后患者PMASD的发生率较高,体质指数、造口渗漏次数、ESCA量表评分为根治性膀胱切除术后患者发生PMASD的影响因素,应针对肥胖及自护能力较弱的根治性膀胱切除术后患者采取针对性措施,以降低PMASD的发生率。

医疗失效模式及效应分析在腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤管理中的应用

目的探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析(health care failure mode and effect analysis,HFMEA)在腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤(moisture associated skin damage,MASD)中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样法,选取我院2023年1-7月外科病房术后放置腹部引流管的患者360例。其中1-3月应用前的180例患者为对照组,4-7月应用后的180例患者为观察组。根据HFMEA质量改进方法,成立外科腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤管理流程改进小组,并对其流程进行失效模式及潜在的原因分析,比较改进前后引流管管周MASD的发生率,引流管管周MASDⅢ+Ⅳ度的发生占比以及主要失效模式风险指数(risk priority number,RPN)值。结果实施医疗失效模式与效应分析管理后,引流管管周MASD的发生率下降(P<0.05),Ⅲ-Ⅳ度引流管管周MASD的发生减少(P<0.05),14项RPN比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFMEA管理模式有利于规范引流管管周MADS管理流程,规避护理风险。

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶联合蒙脱石散对婴幼儿尿布疹的疗效观察与研究

目的探究重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rbFGF)凝胶联合蒙脱石散对婴幼儿尿布疹的临床效果。方法选取2019年12月至2020年6月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的72例婴幼儿尿布疹患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与实验组,每组36例。对照组给予rbFGF凝胶干预,实验组在对照组基础上联合蒙脱石散干预,比较两组干预效果、恢复情况、皮肤损伤程度、血清学指标及不良反应发生情况。结果实验组治疗总有效率为94.44%,高于对照组的72.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组皮肤发红、皮肤破裂面积及皮肤侵蚀程度评分均低于干预前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为5.56%,低于对照组的25.00%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组尿布疹消退时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平均低于干预前,干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平高于干预前,且实验组TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10水平低于对照组,IFN-γ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论rbFGF凝胶联合蒙脱石散应用于婴幼儿尿布疹的疗效显著,可减轻皮肤损伤程度,改善机体炎症反应,缩短尿布疹消退时间,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。

预防性回肠造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤情况及影响因素分析

目的:分析预防性回肠造口术后患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤(Peristomal Moisture-Associated Skin Damage,PMASD)的发生现状及影响因素,以期为早期预防PMASD的发生发展,并采取预见性、针对性的护理措施提供指导。方法:采用便利抽样法选取2022年3月—12月于杭州市2所三级甲等医院接受预防性回肠造口术的388例患者为研究对象。研究者联合面对面访问、电话及云平台对患者进行调查、随访,并由伤口造口专科护士结合询问情况及患者或照护者上传的照片诊断有无发生PMASD。采用单因素分析及Logistic回归分析预防性回肠造口PMASD影响因素。结果:预防性回肠造口患者PMASD发生率为36.3%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、BMI、造口处手术伤口、坐位时造口周围皮肤褶皱、更换照护者、造口袋类型、造口袋更换周期是预防性回肠造口患者发生PMASD的影响因素。结论:预防性回肠造口PMASD发生率高,医护人员应向患者提供造口伤口和周围皮肤褶皱、造口产品等方面的个性化护理干预指导,积极鼓励患者提高造口自我护理能力,以预防PMASD发生。

飞机蒙皮材料的研究现状

文章从材料、成型工艺及影响因素、力学性能等方面综述了飞机蒙皮材料的研究进展,旨在为其进一步研究提供参考。

一种可溶性微晶抗皱眼贴的安全及功效评价

运用光干断层扫描技术(OCT)观察可溶性微晶抗皱眼贴在眼下40 min左右完全溶解,同时敷贴2 h后的角质层形态和血流的结果中未见明显的损伤痕迹。在人体安全及功效测试中,试验组在使用4周、12周及停用4周后,皮肤皱纹显著减轻,皮肤弹性显著升高。试验组皱纹参数R_(max)的数据结果仅在使用12周显著优于对照组,其余皱纹参数及皮肤弹性的数据结果都显著优于对照组。2组受试者均未出现任何皮肤不良反应。测试的可溶性微晶抗皱眼贴在改善皱纹、提升皮肤弹性方面具有优势性的效果,同时相对也是安全的。

草乌甲素4种皮肤屏障模型家兔在体透皮吸收对比研究

目的对比研究草乌甲素凝胶贴在正常家兔正常皮肤、正常家兔破损皮肤、病理损伤正常皮肤、病理损伤破损皮肤4种皮肤屏障模型在体透皮吸收。方法采用肌肉注射50%甘油的方法获得病理损伤模型家兔,采用1号砂纸包裹木棒轻轻摩擦皮肤表面至变为浅红的方法制备破损皮肤。4种皮肤屏障模型经皮给予草乌甲素凝胶贴,正常皮肤于给药后1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h、6 h、8 h、10 h采血,破损皮肤于给药后1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、5 h、6 h、8 h、10 h、12 h、24 h、36 h采血,HPLC-MS/MS检测4种模型家兔草乌甲素给药后不同时间点血浆药物浓度,采用DAS 3.2.0计算药代参数,SPSS 23.0进行组间药代参数统计。结果AUC(0-t)、AUC(0-∞)、Cmax 3个药代参数在4种皮肤屏障模型家兔的变化趋势一致,大小分别为:正常家兔破损皮肤>病理损伤破损皮肤>病理损伤正常皮肤>正常家兔正常皮肤。皮肤外环境不同对草乌甲素透过率产生较大影响,破损皮肤透过率明显高于正常皮肤(P<0.05);单纯病理损伤(内伤),皮肤状态一致,草乌甲素的吸收、消除的程度和速度均无明显影响(P>0.05);模拟外伤所致正常家兔破损皮肤、内外伤的病理损伤破损皮肤与正常家兔正常皮肤相比,草乌甲素吸收程度大幅提高、消除能力明显降低(P<0.05)。结论皮肤角质层的屏障功能是草乌甲素透皮吸收的主要限制因素,外伤或内外伤状态下,可能导致草乌甲素在体内蓄积,影响用药安全。在进行经皮给药制剂试验研究时,应同时进行正常和模拟外伤所致的破损皮肤或内外伤的病理损伤破损皮肤模型对比研究,模拟临床肌肉、皮肤受到内外伤的情况下透皮吸收,将有助于更加全面准确地评价经皮给药制剂药效、药代和毒理特性。

银屑平丸调节cGAS-STING信号通路对银屑病小鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨银屑平丸调节GMP-AMP合成酶(cGAS)-干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)信号通路对银屑病小鼠的保护作用。方法:取C57BL/6小鼠以咪喹莫特(IMQ)诱导银屑病模型,随机分为模型组、银屑平丸组、联合组,每组10只,另取10只C57BL/6小鼠作为对照组。用银屑平丸和RocA分组干预小鼠,检测其银屑病症状。HE染色检测小鼠皮肤组织病理变化;免疫组化染色检测各组小鼠皮肤组织中性粒细胞浸润情况;检测小鼠血清促炎因子与抗炎因子水平;免疫印迹法检测小鼠皮肤组织cGAS-STING通路蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组小鼠皮肤组织发生明显病理损伤,银屑病皮损面积及严重程度指数(PASI)、抓痒次数、皮肤表皮层厚度、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)阳性表达,IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、IL-23及cGAS与STING蛋白表达升高,IL-4、TGF-β、IL-10水平降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与模型组比较,银屑平丸组小鼠皮肤组织病理损伤减轻,PASI、抓痒次数、皮肤表皮层厚度、MPO阳性表达、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、IL-23水平及cGAS与STING蛋白表达降低,IL-4、TGF-β及IL-10升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。楝酰胺可减弱银屑平丸对银屑病小鼠的作用。结论:银屑平丸通过阻止cGAS-STING信号通路激活传导而减轻银屑病小鼠免疫炎症,改善其皮肤组织损伤症状,发挥保护作用。

Ultraviolet radiation-induced non-melanoma skin cancer:Regulation of DNA damage repair and inflammation

Exposure to ultraviolet(UV)radiation is associated with approximately 65%of melanoma cases,and 90%of non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSC),including basal cell carcinoma(BCC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).While the incidence of most other malignancies has either stabilized or declined,that of NMSC has increased and is developing even in younger age groups.NMSCs account for nearly 15,000 deaths,3.5 million new cases,and more than 3 billion dollars a year in medical costs in the United States alone,representing a major public health concern.As sun protection efforts have not been proven effective,targeted chemoprevention strategies are much needed.Skin carcinogenesis by DNA damage is considered a predominant paradigm for UV toxicity.Exposure to UV radiation can activate various oncogenes while inactivating tumor suppressor genes,resulting in inappropriate survival and proliferation of keratinocytes that harbor these damages.Moreover,increasing evidence demonstrate that inflammatory responses by the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment also contribute significantly to skin tumorigenesis.Initiation and progression of skin carcinogenesis mediated by UV radiation involve complex pathways,including those of apoptosis,proliferation,autophagy,DNA repair,checkpoint signaling,metabolism,and inflammation.In this review,we highlight the recent advances in two of these key molecular processes that result in UV-mediated skin carcinogenesis.In particular,we discuss 1)pathways that regulate DNA damage repair and 2)the regulation of the inflammatory process its crosstalk with DNA repair potentially leading to non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis.