Discrepancies between targets and achievements in industrial forest production and export in Tanzania

It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.

China Plastics Industry （2006）

介绍了2006年我国塑料工业的发展状况，包括塑料加工业整体经济技术指标、塑料制品产销量及进出口情况、合成树脂产销量及进出口情况、塑料机械产销量及进出口状况等；同时还指出了我国塑料工业存在的问题和今后发展的一些建议。

Water pollution footprints induced by industrial import and export in China

With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints(WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors,such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.

China Light Industrial Products Export Trade and China Light Industrial Products I/E Corp.

Under the impact of the reform and opening policy, China’s foreign economic and trade undertakings are increasingly flourishing, and light indus-

Beijing Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation

The Beijing Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation is under the Beijing Municipal Foreign Economic and Trade Commission. It is a state-owned specialized foreign trading corporation founded in 1964. Through constant development and growth, the corporation has established business relations with over 2,000 customers in over 100 countries and regions worldwide. Domestically,

Liaoning Light Industrial Products lmport&Export Corporation

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CGE Model Measures Carbon Duty's Impact on China's Exports

Carbon-motivated border tax adjustment is a unilateral international trade policy aimed at compensating for the loss ofcompetitiveness of carbon-intensive products due to carbon dioxide abatement actions.It violates fundamental principlesof the UNFCCC and potentially conflicts with the core WTO principle of non-discrimination as reflected in the GATTArticle Ⅰ and Article Ⅲ.Based on an analysis of carbon emissions embodied in China’s industrial exports,this paperevaluates with a recursive dynamic CGE model the potential impacts of the carbon duty on China’s industrial production,exports and employment.The results of a simulation show that with a tariff rate of US＄30 or US＄60 per ton of carbon,theoutput of China’s industrial sectors would decline by 0.62-1.22 percent,exports by 3.53-6.95 percent,and employment by1.22-2.39 percent.The authors suggest several measures of alleviating the impacts of carbon duty and put forward a carbonduty policy based on carbon consumption per capita as a countermeasure.

China Plastics Industry (2010)

The comprehensive situation of plastics industry in China in 2010 was reviewed,including output/sales and export/import of various plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery,and additives.Some problems occurring during the development of the industry were pointed out and a few suggestions for its development during the 12th Five-year Plan period were made.

China Plastics Industry (2009)

General situation of China plastics industry in 2009 was reviewed,including the output/sales and export/import of plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery and additives.

China Plastics Industry （2012）

介绍了2012年我国塑料工业的发展状况，包括各种塑料制品产销量及进出口情况、合成树脂产销量及进出口情况、塑料机械产销量及进出口情况等，并介绍了一些主要经济指标，包括塑料制品的工业总产值、产量和利润等。分析了塑料制品在2012年的市场状况，同时展望了我国塑料工业在2013年的发展趋势。

Industrial Policy,Product Switching,and Export Performance

Industrial policy can promote economic growth and industrial upgrading by encouraging enterprises to adopt product switching.By utilizing comprehensive industrial policies and customs trade databases from 2000 to 2015,this paper found that firms with product ranges within policy-supported areas were more active in product switching.Among all the enterprises that adopted the product switching,those with nonmain products in policy-supported areas were more inclined to adjust their main product.They tended to transform nonmain product to main product as opposed to introducing new main product in order to effectively leverage their export experience and established technology.Whereas,for enterprises whose main product was within the policy-supported areas,their tendency to switch products significantly decreased.Mechanism analysis suggested that policy support,by alleviating industry distress and mitigating excessive market competition,encouraged firms to switch products to areas with policy backing.Moreover,we estimated trade performance after product switching from the perspective of product unit price and export product quality.We found that for firms whose main product was in policy-supported areas,such switching was more likely to result in“low price,high quality”exports,whereas for firms with nonmain products in supported areas,such switching was more likely to lead to“high price,low quality”exports,which indicates that firms switching to policy-supported areas need to continuously develop their core competencies and operate effectively to improve their production performance.

高端装备制造业贸易强度如何影响出口技术复杂度?——基于中国-东盟样本数据的分析

文章基于2010-2020年中国与东盟国家高端装备制造业贸易网络,运用高维固定效应模型考察高端装备制造行业贸易强度对出口技术复杂度的影响。研究结果显示:中国与东盟国家间的贸易强度对一国高端装备制造业出口技术复杂度的提升具有显著的正向影响,且贸易开放、技术创新是重要的作用机制。相较于轨道交通装备行业,贸易强度对航空装备、卫星及应用等其他领域的高端装备出口技术复杂度的提升效果更为显著。由此提出合理布局区域贸易网络、深化贸易开放和重视技术创新等对策建议,为推动我国高端装备制造业技术升级提供思路借鉴。

重点产业政策与中国企业出口产品组合调整

本文利用中国工业企业数据和海关数据,考察了重点产业政策对多产品企业出口产品组合调整的影响。研究结果发现,重点产业政策促进了企业出口产品集中度的提高和出口产品范围的扩大。这种促进作用在民营企业、外资企业、一般贸易企业和东部地区企业中更为突出。重点产业政策通过缓解企业融资约束和激励企业技术创新等渠道影响企业出口行为的调整,同时,激烈的国内同业竞争和目的地市场竞争进一步强化了产业政策效应。除了影响受支持企业的出口行为,重点产业政策还能通过融资和创新的溢出效应带动相同二位码行业内非重点企业调整出口产品组合,培育其竞争优势。

服务要素投入、行业生产率与中国制造业国际循环——基于出口视角

基于2000—2014年中国18个制造业行业向41个国家的出口数据,构建一个包含服务要素投入、企业学习效率和行业进入门槛的理论模型,从行业视角检验服务要素投入对制造业出口的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:服务要素投入显著促进了中国制造业的出口增长,对中间品的促进作用显著强于最终品,且这一效应主要由供给侧的制造业服务化推动,需求侧的影响不明显。机制检验结果表明:引入服务要素投入能够显著提升行业生产率,从而扩大出口规模,并且服务要素投入能与制造业生产率形成互补效应,进一步促进出口增长。异质性检验结果表明:与服务化水平较低的出口目的国相比,当目的国服务化水平较高时,服务化对出口扩张的促进效果更加显著;从服务业行业异质性的角度看,金融保险服务、专业研发服务和运输仓储服务等服务行业的投入显著提升了制造业生产率,进一步扩大了出口规模,对制造业“走出去”起到积极作用。

自由贸易试验区、产业集聚与企业出口产品质量

建设自由贸易试验区是我国深化改革、扩大开放的重要战略举措,对构建新发展格局具有重要意义。以沪津粤闽四大自贸区为例,利用2011—2016年中国海关进出口数据和A股上市企业数据,分析自由贸易试验区设立对我国企业出口产品质量的影响和作用机制。结果显示:自由贸易试验区设立显著提升了企业出口产品质量。进一步分组检验表明,这种促进效应主要存在于非国有企业、成熟企业、资本技术密集型行业和非垄断性行业。机制分析发现,产业集聚是自由贸易试验区设立推动企业出口产品质量提升的重要渠道。此外,自由贸易试验区设立存在空间溢出效应,显著促进了周边100公里内城市企业出口产品质量。因此,可以通过进一步扩大自由贸易试验区的试点范围,推广自由贸易试验区建设的成功经验,以促进产业集聚,发挥提升企业出口产品质量的作用,增强企业核心竞争力,推动贸易高质量发展。

新质生产力发展对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响

新质生产力为提升中国制造业附加值和竞争力提供了重要机遇与动力,其中对出口技术复杂度的影响对中国制造业发展具有重要意义。基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,通过中介效应检验深入探究了中国新质生产力发展对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响。结果表明,新质生产力发展对制造业出口技术复杂度具有正向影响,新质生产力发展水平越高,制造业出口技术复杂度水平就越高,这种正向作用在东部、中部地区及高收入经济水平地区尤为显著;优化产业结构、提高贸易竞争力在新质生产力发展对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响过程中存在中介效应。中国应善用新质生产力发展对制造业出口技术复杂度的正向影响,通过优化产业结构和提高国际贸易竞争力来不断提升制造业出口技术复杂度。

生产性服务进口技术复杂度、贸易补偿与制造业出口竞争力

制造业的转型问题亟待解决,而制造业与生产性服务业融合可能是有效解决途径。选取2005—2019年30个样本国家的相关面板数据,从异质性层面和整体层面进行探讨。研究结论为:整体看,生产性服务进口复杂度与制造业整体出口竞争力之间存在显著的促进作用;异质性层面看,发达国家与发展中国家均有显著正向影响,但发达国家影响程度小于发展中国家;技术复杂度对高技术制造业产生显著的正向影响,但对中低技术制造业的影响为负,根据总体看是正向促进作用,进口技术复杂度显著地促进了高技术制造业的发展,进而弥补了中低技术制造业的负面影响;进口中高技术复杂度的服务可以促进出口竞争力,而低技术复杂度的服务并不能增强出口竞争力;路径机制看,生产性服务进口技术复杂度与制造业出口竞争力由要素重组效应、贸易补偿效应和技术溢出效应所影响。基于上述结论,提出改善进口复杂度比重、推进产业融合、降低进口贸易壁垒及提高自主创新能力等对策建议,以期提高中国制造业出口竞争力。

数字服务贸易网络地位对绿色全要素生产率的影响

基于1995—2018年数字服务贸易数据,利用复杂贸易网络分析方法、双向固定效应模型和中介效应模型,探究数字服务贸易网络地位对绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究显示:(1)全球数字服务贸易网络密度总体增加、平均路径长度减小、贸易关联更密切;(2)一国数字服务贸易网络地位提高显著促进绿色全要素生产率提升,并通过推动产业结构升级与促进创新能力提升两条途径推动绿色全要素生产率提高;(3)数字服务贸易网络地位对绿色全要素生产率的影响存在异质性,相较于发展中国家,数字服务贸易网络地位对发达国家绿色全要素生产率的影响更显著,对核心国家的促进效应更强。

服务业进出口、OFDI和全要素生产率的动态关系研究——基于VAR模型的实证分析

研究服务业贸易、投资与服务业之间的影响关系,对提升我国服务行业国际竞争力、促进其高质量发展具有重要意义。论文使用我国2000—2021年数据,构建VAR模型对服务业进出口、服务业对外直接投资(OFDI)和全要素生产率的动态交互关系进行实证分析。研究结果显示,服务业进出口对服务业对外直接投资具有正相关关系,且长期支持效果明显;服务业进出口对OFDI、全要素生产率提升具有促进作用;在短期内,全要素生产率与OFDI之间存在双向促进作用,从长期来看则存在一定负向影响。基于实证研究结论,文中提出制定政策鼓励服务企业参与国际化竞争、发挥服务业进出口对OFDI的促进效应、提升服务企业自主创新能力等相关对策建议。