Argа-Bilig theory in traditional Mongolian medicine:a theoretical and practical perspective

The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body.

Current Status of Mongolian Medicine Treatment for Breast Hyperplasia

Through literature and clinical research,the current status of Mongolian medicine treatment for breast hyperplasia is discussed,such as oral administration of Mongolian medicine for treatment,oral administration of Mongolian medicine combined with external application for treatment,combination of Mongolian medicine acupuncture therapy and oral administration of Mongolian medicine for treatment,integrated treatment of Mongolian and Western medicine,and combination therapy of Mongolian and traditional Chinese medicine,providing new ideas and choices for clinical research.

Basic philosophy of three essences theory in traditional Mongolian medicine

Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)integrates Tibetan and Chinese medicine with indigenous Mongolian practices,focusing on the balance of three core essences:Khii,Shar,and Badgan,derived from the Five Elements-earth,water,fire,wind,and space.These essences regulate both physical and psychological processes,and their imbalance,often caused by diet,behavior,or environment,leads to disease.TMM utilizes holistic diagnostic methods such as pulse diagnosis,visual inspection,and lifestyle evaluation to identify imbalances of three essences.Treatments include herbal remedies,dietary adjustments,behavior modification,and accessory therapies like moxibustion and massage to restore balance.This mini review examines the philosophical underpinnings,diagnostic techniques,and therapeutic strategies to Khii,Shar,and Badgan,highlighting their importance in both traditional and modern integrative healthcare.

Potential of non-Western medicines in chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer

This editorial explores the potential integration of non-Western medicine into radiotherapy for cervical cancer.While radiotherapy remains a radical treatment for cervical cancer,its associated toxicity and decline in quality of life can significantly impact patients’lives.Currently,most treatments are supportive,with no specific treatment options available in Western medicine.Non-Western medicine,often less toxic and easier to administer,has shown promising results when used alongside radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Despite these potential benefits,challenges such as limited evidence and restricted application areas persist.While non-Western medicines may offer potential improvements in chemoradiotherapy outcomes for cervical cancer,further research is necessary to substantiate these benefits.

Molecular mechanism and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system,ranking second in incidence worldwide.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine,shows unique advantages in cancer treatment.Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of multiple ingredients and involves multiple signaling pathways,which showed function of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells,arresting the cell cycle,inhibiting invasion and metastasis,reducing drug resistance,and regulating immune function.Physical therapy is also an important treatment of TCM.Currently,Physical therapy such as acupuncture or Tai Chi and Qigong are gaining increased recognition in the management of PCa,particularly in addressing issues like urinary incontinence and bone metastasis-related pain.This article reviews the TCM treatment and therapy of PCa,in order to provide new research avenues and treatment options for the treatment of PCa with TCM and improve the quality of life of patients.

Cohort study on the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer with integrated Chinese and western medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.

History,current situation,and future development of Mongolian medicine

Mongolian medicine is an important branch of traditional Chinese medicine.The history,current situ-ation,characteristics,advantages,and future development of Mongolian medicine are summarized in this article.The historical background,origin,and application of Mongolian medicine are introduced.The rapid development of Mongolian medical education after the founding of the People's Republic of China is also briefly mentioned.Finally,the developmental prospects of Mongolian medicine in the future are discussed from two aspects,taking advantage of modern science and technology,and updating Mon-golian herbal medicine and therapeutic instruments.

Bitter components related to alleviating intestinal obstruction in traditional Mongolian medicine

Intestinal obstruction is a blockage that keeps digesta from passing through upper or lower intestine.Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)has been proven to be efficacious in the clinical treatment of intestinal obstruction.However,the mechanism of its treatment has not been studied.The bitter taste receptors(T2Rs)are highly expressed in the extra-oral digestive system,such as gastrointestinal tract,which can regulate gastrointestinal peristalsis and contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.In the respiratory system,T2Rs can relax the airway smooth muscle and effectively alleviate asthma symptoms.In this review,the theory and clinical applications of bitter herbs in TMM were discussed and the functional expression of T2Rs and bitter taste signal transduction pathway were analyzed to investigate whether bitter Mongolian medicine may play an effective role in promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis.Therefore,the scientific connotation of the theory of bitter medicinal property of TMM was interpreted by combining T2Rs research and application of modern technology.This new research approach may enrich and improve the basic theory and accelerate the modernization of TMM.

Clinical Research Progress of Mongolian Medicine in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation

The clinical methods of Mongolian medicine in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation include acupuncture therapy,massage therapy,bloodletting therapy,tea and alcohol therapy and so on.Mongolian medicine has the advantages of less trauma and high safety in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.This article reviews the research progress of Mongolian medicine in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

Progress in the Application of Network Pharmacology in Mongolian Medicine Research

This paper summarizes the status quo of Mongolian medicine research,the basic research ideas and contents of network pharmacology,the latest development of network pharmacology technology in the field of Mongolian medicine research,the application progress,future development direction and existing problems in the research of Mongolian medicine,so as to provide new ideas and new methods for the scientific research of traditional medicine.

History, philosophy and modern research of traditional Mongolian medicine

The Mongolian nationality is a legendary ethnic group with a long history.In the long history process,Mongolians have developed broad,profound and gorgeous cultural patterns in many aspects,such as living,diet,clothing,language,writing,dance,art,medicine and health,which has accumulated tremendous achievements and formed its unique tradition.Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)is one of the most important ethnic medicines with systematic theories that has been developed over thousands of years among Mongolian people.The study of TMM has the potential to aid in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases,as well as the provision of more effective medical services across the world.This paper reviews the key literature concerned with the origin and history,main theoretical philosophies and the modern research status of TMM.It provides a reference for the study of traditional medicine.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Mongolian Medicines Shoushen and Naishoushen

[Objectives] To systematically identify and analyze pharmacognostical features of Mongolian medicine Shoushen and Naishoushen( dairy tablets) to provide scientific basis for the establishment and identification of its quality standard. [Methods] According to relevant methods specified in Appendix to 2010 Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the water content,total ash,and extracts of Shoushen and Naishoushen were detected,and thin layer chromatography( TLC) was applied to make qualitative identification. Gastrodin was used as the reference substance,extracted with 70% methanol,and then sprayed with ethyl acetate-formic acid-water( 9∶ 1∶ 0. 2) as the developing solvent,and then sprayed with 10% phosphomolybdic acid ethanol solution and heated at 105℃ to clear spot color. UV-Visible spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) were used to analyze the content of polysaccharides and gastrodins in Shoushen and Naishoushen. The chromatographic column was a ZOBB AX eclipse XDB-C_(18)( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 cm) column with the methanol-0. 04% phosphoric acid solution( 8∶92) as the mobile phase,the flow rate of 1. 0mL/min,the detection wavelength of 222 nm,and the column temperature of 30℃.[Results]In the thin-layer chromatography test,spots of the same color appeared at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance. Gastrodin eluted under high pressure reached baseline separation. Gastrodin had a good linearity in the concentration range of 0. 009-0. 09 mg/m L. The regression equation was Y = 586 866 X + 425 821( R^2= 0. 999 6),and the average recovery rate was100. 1%. Precision test,reproducibility test,and stability test conformed to the requirements. The results of extracts of three batches of samples were 26. 13%-42. 58%,water content was 3. 47%-5. 31%,and total ash was 5. 43%-6. 33%. [Conclusions] The quality control method has high reliability,high sensitivity,high specificity,high accuracy,and high stability. The results are expected to provide a scientific basis for the identification,resource utilization,and improvement of quality standard for Shoushen and Naishoushen.

Protective Effects of Mongolian Medicine Borantunggal on Rats with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

[Objectives]To observe the protective effects of Mongolian medicine Borantunggal on rats with chronic renal insufficiency.[Methods]Male Wister rats were gavaged with 50 mg/kg/d adenine for 12 consecutive weeks,and were intervened with positive control drug Niaoduqing and three groups of different doses of Mongolian medicine Borantunggal.The rats general state,such as body posture,hair color,activity status,renal function,thyroid gland,adrenal gland,and gonadal hormone levels,expression levels of inflammatory mediators,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and nuclear factor-κB(P65)in renal tissue,and histopathological changes of rat kidney were observed before and after treatment.[Results]The recovery of the general state of rats with chronic renal insufficiency in the low dose group after intervention with Mongolian medicine Borantunggal was the most obvious.Compared with the model group,the level of CRE in the low dose Mongolian medicine group decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,the 24-h urinary protein in the low dose Mongolian medicine group had a declining trend,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The urea level in low,medium and high dose Mongolian medicine groups showed a declining trend,and the effect of low dose Mongolian medicine was better.Compared with the model group,the feed intake of the low dose Mongolian medicine group had an increasing trend,while P and TCHO also had a declining trend.Compared with the model group,the levels of LH and COR in the low,medium and high dose Mongolian medicine groups decreased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of T,T3 and T4 were significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the effect of low dose Mongolian medicine was better.Compared with the model group,the levels of IL-6,TNF-αand HIF-1 in the low,medium and high dose Mongolian medicine groups were significantly reduced,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of TGF-β1 and Ang II in the low dose Mongolian medicine group were significantly reduced,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The level of TGF-β1 in the medium and high dose Mongolian medicine groups decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of NF-κB P65 andα-SMA proteins in the low dose Mongolian medicine group showed a declining trend,which was better than Niaoduqing.[Conclusions]Mongolian medicine Borantunggal has significant protective and preventive effects on rats with adenine-induced chronic renal insufficiency.In particular,the dose of 0.31 kg/d had the most significant protective effect.Its action mechanism may be related to regulating hormone levels in the body,improving renal function,reducing renal inflammatory response,reducing the"three highs"in the kidney,and inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cell-to-mesenchymal transition and deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM).

Practicability Evaluation and Improvement of Bloodletting Model Mold in Mongolian Medicine Teaching

According to the problems such as low level and depth of experimental teaching research of Mongolian medicine in higher vocational colleges, lack of applicable teaching model mold, lack of students practical operation in time, and single teaching, the development direction and ideas of bloodletting model mold in Mongolian medicine in vocational Mongolian medicine teaching were proposed to provide valuable reference for the experimental teaching reform of traditional therapy of Mongolian medicine and the teaching reform and development ideas of Mongolian medicine and other traditional medicine.

Advances in Basic Theory Research of Mongolian Medicine and Prospects of Its Combination with Systems Biology Research

This paper sorted out the relevant literature on the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,explored the research methods and ideas of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,and elaborated the idea of combining systems biology to study part of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine.Through searching classic works and research papers in academic journals,this paper sorted out and summarized the research progress of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine and the existing problems in the current research,analyzed its characteristics,combined with systems biology methods to systematically explain some content in the basic theory,reveal its scientific connotation,and provide a basis for further research.

Preliminary Discussion on Sand Therapy in Mongolian Medicine

Sand therapy of Mongolian medicine is one of traditional Mongolian medical treatments.It conducts heat energy to the human body through natural hot sand applied on the body,achieving the effect of preventing and curing disease.It is an external treatment method,characterized with easy operation,obvious curative effect and small side effects.Referring to the relevant literature of sand therapy in Mongolian medicine and combined with actual situation,the functions and use of sand therapy are summarized in this article,thereby providing theoretical basis and reference for research on sand therapy.

Application of Molecular Biology Technology in Identification of Modern Mongolian Medicine

The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.

Protective Effect of Mongolian Medicine Youning Bawei Powder on Liver Injury Induced by CCl4 in Mice

[Objectives]To study the protective effect of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in mice.[Methods]The experimental mice were divided into 5 groups:normal group,model group,positive control group,low-dose group and high-dose group of Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder.The model group was induced by CCl_(4),the positive control group was treated with liver-protecting tablet,and the Mongolian medicine group was treated with Youning Bawei Powder for one month.The liver tissue injury of mice in each group was observed by HE staining,and the levels of serum ALT,AST,SOD and MDA were detected.[Results]Mongolian medicine Youning Bawei Powder significantly improved the pathological liver injury induced by CCl_(4),significantly decreased the content of ALT,AST and MDA in serum of mice with CCl_(4) liver injury,and significantly increased the activity of serum SOD.[Conclusions]Youning Bawei Powder,a Mongolian medicine,has a protective effect on liver injury induced by CCl_(4) in mice.

Discussion on Professor Ba Jigemude's Research Methods of the History of Mongolian Medicine

The research methods of the history of Mongolian medicine refer to the general and special methods used in the understanding and research of the history of Mongolian medicine,as well as the methods of expression and compilation of the research achievements of the history of Mongolian medicine.There are not only analysis and generalization,abstractness and concreteness,deduction and induction,historical and logical methods,but also traditional philology methods such as textual research,exegesis and collation,as well as new methods such as field investigation method,empirical method,measurement method,comparison method,and oral account method.In the actual research process,a variety of methods are often used comprehensively.This paper mainly discusses the methods used by Professor Ba Jigemude in the study of the history of Mongolian medicine,and uses specific cases to analyze and summarize the formation and development of the history of ancient traditional medicine.

Incorporating Ideological and Political Teaching Methods into the Course of Mongolian Medicine History

School education shoulders the great mission of cultivating people by virtue,and has an unshirkable responsibility in students ideological and political education.In addition to the main channel of ideological and political theory courses,it is also necessary to make ideological and political education permeate other professional courses,so as to realize moral education.The integration of Mongolian Medicine History and ideological and political education has unique advantages in terms of content and scientific attributes.However,when the two are organically integrated,it is an important step to successfully carry out ideological and political theories teaching in the course by choosing suitable cases,digging out the ideological and political meaning behind each case,and finally exerting a subtle influence on students thoughts.