Dynamic Monitoring and Control Measures of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smmith) in Low Latitude Plateau Sugarcane Areas

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smmith) is one of the major migratory pests warned by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).It has been successfully invaded sugarcane and corn in Jinggu,Longchuan,Gengma,Menghai,Yingjiang,Lancang of Yunan Province,China.In view of the great variety of hosts,wide range of habitats and strong migration ability,S.frugiperda has the potential of causing catastrophic threats to sugarcane production.In this paper,we made a systematic introduction to the morphological and biological characteristics of S.frugiperda,analyzed its occurrence situations and occurrence trends in Yunnan of China and other countries around the world,and proposed the control strategies and measures of ecological regulation and control,natural enemies protection and utilization,biological control,pesticide control and adults trapping based on the outbreak characteristics of S.frugiperda and the actual sugarcane production in low latitude plateau areas.

Study on Division Method of Quality Monitoring Control Area Based on Comprehensive Cultivated Land Attribute

The quality change of cultivated land resources requires the scientific deployment of monitoring areas.In this study,Yuzhou City is taken as an example to divide the quality monitoring control areas through the study of natural quality,utilization level,income level,and utilization characteristics,etc.Compared with the traditional administrative unit division or cultivated land quality division method,the regional homogeneity of this study is stronger,and there are quality differences between regions.It provides precondition and precision guarantee for the monitoring of cultivated land quality.

Practices on rockburst prevention and control in headrace tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station

Rockburst problems induced by high in-situ stresses were prominent during construction of the headrace tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station. The rockbursts occurred in various forms, and it is necessary to take pertinent measures for integrated prevention and control of rockbursts. In view of the rockburst characteristics during tunnel construction of Jinping II hydropower station, the engineering geological conditions were presented, and the features, mechanisms and forms of rockbursts observed during construction were analyzed in detail. A large number of scientific researches, experiments and applications were conducted. Multiple measures were adopted to prevent and control rockbursts, including the prediction and early warning measures, stress relief by blasting in advance, optimized blasting design and optimized tunnel support in the tunnel sections prone to strong rockbursts. The effectiveness of these prevention and control measures was evaluated. Experiences have been accumulated through a great number of helpful explorations and practices for rockburst prevention and control. A comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system has been gradually established.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

WAMS-based monitoring and control of Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems

A method is proposed to monitor and control Hopf bifurcations in multi-machine power systems using the information from wide area measurement systems (WAMSs). The power method (PM) is adopted to compute the pair of conjugate eigenvalues with the algebraically largest real part and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of a power system. The distance between the current equilibrium point and the Hopf bifurcation set can be monitored dynamically by computing the pair of con- jugate eigenvalues. When the current equilibrium point is close to the Hopf bifurcation set, the approximate normal vector to the Hopf bifurcation set is computed and used as a direction to regulate control parameters to avoid a Hopf bifurcation in the power system described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by regulating the reactive power loads in a 14-bus power system.

Performance of the suspension method in large cross-section shallow-buried tunnels

Large cross-section tunnel construction induces ground surface settlements, potentially endangering both subterranean projects and nearby above-ground structures. A novel tunnel construction method, known as the suspension method,is introduced in this paper to mitigate surface settlement. The suspension method employs vertical tie rods to establish a structural connection between the initial tunnel support system and the surface steel beam, thereby exerting effective control settlements. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, systematic numerical simulations were conducted based on the practical engineering of Harbin Subway Line 3. The surface settlement and vault settlement characteristics during construction are investigated. The results show a gradual increment in both surface and vault settlement throughout the construction process, culminating in a stabilized state upon the completion of construction.In addition, compared to the double-side drift method and the Cross Diaphragm Method(CRD) method, the suspension method can obviously reduce the surface settlement and vault settlement. Moreover, the surface settlements and the axial force of tie rods were continuously monitored during the construction process at the trial tunnel block.These specific monitoring measurements are illustrated in comparison to numerical analysis results. The monitored results show great agreement with the numerical predictions, confirming the success of the project. This research can serve as a valuable practical reference for similar projects, offering insights and guidance for addressing ground surface settlements and enhancing construction safety in the domain of large cross-section tunneling.

Design of 32 kbit one-time programmable memory for microcontroller units

A 32 kbit OTP(one-time programmable)memory for MCUs(micro-controller units)used in remote controllers was designed.This OTP memory is used for program and data storage.It is required to apply 5.5V to BL(bit-line)and 11V to WL(word-line)for a OTP cell of 0.35μm ETOX(EEPROM tunnel oxide)type by MagnaChip.We use 5V transistors on column data paths to reduce the area of column data paths since they require small areas.In addition,we secure device reliability by using HV(high-voltage)transistors in the WL driver.Furthermore,we change from a static logic to a dynamic logic used for the WL driver in the core circuit.Also,we optimize the WD(write data)switch circuit.Thus,we can implement them with a small-area design.In addition,we implement the address predecoder with a small-area logic circuit.The area of the designed 32 kbit OTP with 5V and HV devices is 674.725μm×258.75μm(=0.1745mm2)and is 56.3% smaller than that using 3.3V devices.

A Realistic ICT Network Design and Implementation in the Neighbourhood Area of the Smart Grid

The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. The need to ensure that they can be accomplished together demands a much richer ICT monitoring and control network than the current system. In this paper we particularly investigate the design and deployment of the ICT system in the urban environment, specifically in a university campus that is embedded in a city, thus it represents the Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) level of the Smart Grid. In order to design an ICT infrastructure, we have introduced two related architectures: namely communications network architecture and a software architecture. Having access to the characteristics of a real NAN guides us to choose appropriate communication technologies and identify the actual requirements of the system. To implement these architectures at this level we need to gather and process information from environmental sensors (monitoring e.g. temperature, movement of people and vehicles) that can provide useful information about changes in the loading of the NAN, with information from instrumentation of the Power Grid itself. Energy constraints are one of the major limitations of the communication network in the Smart Grid, especially where wireless networking is proposed. Thus we analyse the most energy efficient method of collecting and sending data. The main contribution of this research is that we propose and implement an energy efficient ICT network and describe our software architecture at the NAN level, currently very underdeveloped. We also discuss our experimental results. To our knowledge, no such architectures have yet been implemented for collecting data which can provide the basis of Decision Support Tools (DSTs).

浅谈盘锦稻区土壤环境的监测、保护与治理

总结近年来盘锦稻区土壤环境监测工作的部分情况,简述稻区土壤环境监测工作的意义,介绍盘锦稻区土壤环境保护、监管与治理的相关进展,并提出强化土肥基础工作、拓宽监测范围、完善数据资料、加强环境监管、强化污染治理、加强相关培训与宣传等建议。

采空塌陷区隧道病害机理与防控研究现状与展望

我国是煤炭生产大国,煤炭开采造成了大量采空塌陷。随着公路铁路网不断加密,在山西等采煤大省,越来越多的交通隧道不得不穿越煤矿采空塌陷区。采空塌陷区岩层破坏剧烈、变形量大且持续时间长,是隧道工程建设与运营的重大安全隐患,系统研究采空塌陷区隧道灾变机理与防控技术是隧道工程建设与运营安全的重要保障。通过分析文献报道的工程案例,总结了采空塌陷区隧道的主要病害类型及其灾变机理,回顾了塌陷区采动岩体长期变形预测方法与隧道灾变预测方法,介绍了塌陷区采动岩体变形控制方法与穿越采空区隧道围岩处治方法。在此基础上,分析了采空塌陷区隧道灾变与防控技术研究中存在的突出问题,并对亟待研究的方向进行了展望。

盾构隧道与雨水管涵上下并行近接施工影响及控制技术

以实际轨道交通盾构区间工程为背景,对比分析采用小直径双洞隧道、大直径单洞隧道2种方案近距离下穿3孔并行雨水管涵群引发的结构受力和变形特征,介绍了施工的相互影响机制,提出雨水管涵变形控制技术,最终通过现场监测数据进行了验证。研究表明:采用小直径双洞盾构掘进方案,先行右线隧道开挖引起雨水管涵竖向位移增大,后行左线隧道开挖加剧右线隧道和雨水管涵的竖向变形。小直径双洞盾构隧道方案与大直径单洞盾构隧道方案对雨水管涵群竖向位移影响差异较小,小直径双洞隧道拱顶竖向位移相比于大直径单洞隧道拱顶竖向位移略大0.5mm,两者均符合设计规范要求,但小直径双洞隧道方案较经济。此外,采用掘进参数控制、外加剂控制、壁后注浆控制及盾尾脱出地表沉降控制等技术可有效降低邻近雨水管涵变形。

隧道变形自动化监控数据校验与应用分析

以一新建双线盾构隧道近距离下穿既有暗挖隧道为工程依托,通过数值模拟分析既有隧道结构的变形规律,确定变形控制关键区域,布设自动化监测点。将自动化监测值与数值模拟值进行对比分析,及时对异常数据进行去噪处理,必要时调整数值计算模型,确保无人工复测数据验证时自动化监测数据的可靠性。确定监测数据可靠后,再对关键工序(如二次注浆等)既有隧道结构进行高频实时自动化监测,及时分析既有隧道变形情况,调整施工参数,从而实现对既有隧道结构变形的精准控制。

深中通道沉管隧道碎石整平精度控制技术研究

为了提高外海沉管隧道的基础处理精度与承载能力、减小沉管隧道的不均匀沉降,依托深中通道沉管隧道工程,介绍船架分离式整平船水下整平系统的组成、工作原理和适用条件,并分析影响整平精度的2个因素,即料斗口高程变化和料斗内碎石料高度控制;同时,结合ANSYS数值计算方法,分析水下大、小车轨道在自重情况下的变形,以及基架在不同工况组合下的变形,由此提出碎石整平系统精度控制技术,并采用接近式料位传感系统,实现料斗总成内碎石料位高度持续、实时监控和多点监测。该水下碎石整平系统精度控制技术在深中通道沉管隧道E32—E24管节碎石基础铺设中成功应用,其整平平均偏差为15.3 mm,可满足±40 mm的偏差设计要求,实现了设计要求的基础铺设精度控制目标。

基于鸿蒙系统的无人方程式赛车远程监控与数据管理系统开发

为了提高无人方程式赛车运行的安全性,设计了一种基于鸿蒙系统的无人方程式赛车远程监控与数据管理系统。该系统主要包括数据采集软件、远程监控平台、云数据库。数据采集软件使用鸿蒙系统开发,通过使用控制器局域网(controller area network,CAN)总线传输、蓝牙传输、WebSocket协议、HTTP协议,实现对CAN数据的解析、显示、转发。监控系统使用Spring Boot框架开发,实现对无人方程式赛车的远程监控。云数据库使用MySQL数据库开发,实现无人方程式赛车数据的快速存储。测试结果表明,该套系统可以实现对无人方程式赛车的远程监控,实现十万级以上数据量低延迟储存,数据丢失率平均为0.0424%。目前,该套系统已经应用到无人方程式赛车的调试中。

土石交界地层隧道双侧壁导坑法施工围岩压力与变形研究

为探究土石交界地层双侧壁导坑法施工围岩变形与压力分布规律,通过现场监测对白塔山隧道围岩压力与收敛沉降变形进行研究分析。结果表明:下台阶施工易导致拱腰和拱脚围岩压力产生突变,最大增量可达70%,而对拱肩影响较小;相较于岩石地层,黄土层稳定性差,更易受隧道施工扰动影响导致围岩变形大、稳定距离长,黄土层稳定距离比岩石层长4~9 m;土石交界地层围岩压力呈现快速增加→缓慢增加→逐渐稳定的变化趋势,在快速增长阶段岩石层荷载释放率高达80%,大于黄土层荷载释放率;断面围压分布呈现出明显的不对称性,表现为“黄土侧大,岩石侧小”的分布规律。因此,双侧壁导坑法下穿土石交界地层时,建议在下台阶工序交替时保留部分土体进行反压控制,并提高下台阶锚杆布设密度,黄土层应做好超前支护预加固,并提高初期支护强度。

WF-IoT融合物联网技术在铁路隧道照明中的应用研究

WF-IoT融合物联网技术具有自主组网及无线节点多的优点,在物联系统中应用较多。传统铁路隧道照明系统结构复杂,灯具供电、控制需要分别架设电缆,远程监控也要布设通信网络,照明模式单一,电缆消耗量大、施工周期长。为了克服传统系统不足,以含有WF-IoT协议的LED光源作为隧道照明灯具,每个灯具独立控制,由灯具作为通信节点在隧道内部构成无中心的无线物联网,通过网关与铁路专网连接实现远程监控管理。该系统在隧道内部无需设置照明控制箱、控制线路和通信线缆,不仅能够满足巡检照明的需求,也可实现预设的照明模式。基于灯具节点构建的WF-IoT无线网络还可用于隧道内部其他设备的监控。该技术为铁路隧道照明提供了一种新方案。

软土地区河道开挖对下方地铁隧道变形的影响及其控制措施

[目的]地铁盾构隧道因上方河道开挖卸荷产生隆起变形,可能会影响地铁隧道的正常运行。为此,应就软土地区河道开挖工程对下方地铁隧道的变形影响进行研究,并制定地铁隧道变形控制措施。[方法]介绍了案例工程的概况,采用有限元方法对其实测数据进行分析,验证了土体本构模型及参数的合理性。基于具有典型软土特征的宁波地区地层剖面和土层参数,建立了土体简化模型,依次分析了河道开挖宽度变化对下方地铁隧道变形的影响、河道开挖深度变化对下方地铁隧道变形的影响、软土层埋深对地铁隧道变形的影响。介绍了门架式土体加固措施及门架式梁板加固措施两种变形控制措施,将考虑了控制变形措施的计算模型与基准模型的有限元计算结果进行了比较分析。[结果及结论]在土体加固和河道开挖阶段,下方地铁隧道变形分别表现为沉降和隆起;河道开挖断面面积相同时,减小河道的开挖深度、增加河道开挖宽度,有利于减少下方地铁隧道变形;地铁隧道竖向位移主要由其下方土体回弹变形产生;门架式梁板加固措施对于地铁隧道隆起变形的控制效果明显。

海南滨海粉细砂路基压实工艺与质量控制

海南滨海粉细砂路基的压实及质量检测是施工中的技术难题。结合海南环岛旅游公路项目,提出滨海粉细砂路基的压实质量检测方法,铺筑试验路段,研究滨海粉细砂路基的压实工艺及压实质量。结果表明:滨海粉细砂地基压实适宜采用在碎石土垫层上进行冲压和振压相结合的方式;粉细砂路堤可随挖随填、快速填筑,采用双钢轮压路机压实,压实厚度不宜超过20 cm,振动碾压遍数不宜小于4;压实质量可采用预埋土样盒的检测方法,压实度控制标准为不宜小于88%。试验路段的工程效果良好。

新建蒙华铁路隧道施工监控量测监理工作控制要点分析

为保障隧道施工安全,充分发挥监控量测在指导隧道现场施工、为动态设计提供参考等方面的作用,蒙华公司对现场监控量测工作及管理方面进行了一些改革和创新。通过蒙华铁路隧道监控量测的现场监理工作实践,对隧道施工监控量测的监测准备工作、监测断面和监测点的布设、数据监测、监测值的管理、监测等级管理、预警信息处置及关闭等方面的监理工作控制要点进行了详细阐述。同时介绍了在监控量测实施过程中,监理单位应该采取的监控手段及监理工作方法。

隧道下穿既有高架桥梁施工注浆控制技术研究

以厦门市马青路超浅埋隧道近距离下穿高架桥梁桩基工程为依托,结合现场监测,对比分析复杂条件下隧道下穿桥梁桩基的施工保护与变形控制。结果表明,全断面注浆会引起邻近左、右两线隧道区域发生剧烈的沉降变形,使得高架桥下方地表呈现出“M”型的累计沉降变化特点,以左、右线拱顶由高到低分别向周围递减;地表、高架桥梁桩基、仰拱注浆是城市超浅埋隧道近距离下穿桥梁桩基的关键控制手段;明确现场注浆施工管控要点;超浅埋隧道下穿桥梁桩基施工时,必须着眼于现场的风险监控与管理,在关键部位进行自动化监测,避免安全事故的发生。