Identification of Contaminant Source Characteristics and Monitoring Network Design in Groundwater Aquifers: An Overview

The groundwater system is often polluted by different sources of contamination where the sources are difficult to detect. The presence of contamination in groundwater poses significant challenges to its delineation and quantification. The remediation of a contaminated site requires an optimal decision making system to identify the pollutant source characteristics accurately and efficiently. The source characteristics are generally identified using contaminant concentration measurements from arbitrary or planned monitoring locations. To effectively characterize the sources of pollution, the monitoring locations should be selected appropriately. An efficient monitoring network will result in satisfactory characterization of contaminant sources. On the other hand, an appropriate design of monitoring network requires reliable source characteristics. A coupled iterative sequential source identification and dynamic monitoring network design, improves substantially the accuracy of source identification model. This paper reviews different source identification and monitoring network design methods in groundwater contaminant sites. Further, the models for sequential integration of these two models are presented. The effective integration of source identification and dedicated monitoring network design models, distributed sources, parameter uncertainty, and pollutant geo-chemistry are some of the issues which need to be addressed in efficient, accurate and widely applicable methodologies for identification of unknown pollutant sources in contaminated aquifers.

Preliminary Hydrogeologic Modeling and Optimal Monitoring Network Design for a Contaminated Abandoned Mine Site Area: Application of Developed Monitoring Network Design Software

In abandoned mine sites, i.e., mine sites where mining operations have ended, wide spread contaminations are often evident, but the potential sources and pathways of contamination especially through the subsurface, are difficult to identify due to inadequate and sparse geochemical measurements available. Therefore, it is essential to design and implement a planned monitoring net-work to obtain essential information required for establishing the potential contamination source locations, i.e., waste dumps, tailing dams, pits and possible pathways through the subsurface, and to design a remediation strategy for rehabilitation. This study presents an illustrative application of modeling the flow and transport processes and monitoring network design in a study area hydrogeologically resembling an abandoned mine site in Queensland, Australia. In this preliminary study, the contaminant transport process modeled does not incorporate the reactive geochemistry of the contaminants. The transport process is modeled considering a generic conservative contaminant for the illustrative purpose of showing the potential application of an optimal monitoring design methodology. This study aims to design optimal monitoring network to: 1) minimize the contaminant solute mass estimation error;2) locate the plume boundary;3) select the monitoring locations with (potentially) high concentrations. A linked simulation optimization based methodology is utilized for optimal monitoring network design. The methodology is applied utilizing a recently developed software package CARE-GWMND, developed at James Cook University for optimal monitoring network design. Given the complexity of the groundwater systems and the sparsity of pollutant concentration observation data from the field, this software is capable of simulating the groundwater flow and solute transport with spatial interpolation of data from a sparse set of available data, and it utilizes the optimization algorithm to determine optimum locations for implementing monitoring wells.

Non-derivative solution to nonlinear dynamic optimal design of class two for deformation network monitoring

Based on the nonlinear error equation of deformation network monitoring, the mathematical model of nonlinear dynamic optimal design of class two was put forward for the deformation network monitoring, in which the target function is the accuracy criterion and the constraint conditions are the network’s sensitivity, reliability and observing cost. Meanwhile a new non derivative solution to the nonlinear dynamic optimal design of class two was also put forward. The solving model uses the difference to stand for the first derivative of functions and solves the revised feasible direction to get the optimal solution to unknown parameters. It can not only make the solution to converge on the minimum point of the constraint problem, but decrease the calculating load.

APPLICATION OF SEPARABILITY ORITERION IN DESIGN OF DEFORMATION MONITORING NETWORKS

A monitoring scheme must be so designed that several possible mod-els can be efficiently separated in the stage of analysis of deformation measure-ments.Based on the concept of separability developed by Chen and Chrzanowski,a methodology for the design of monitoring schemes has been developed by the au-thors.In the method a computer simulation technique is employed,into whichsome rules have been elaborated allowing minimal human intervention.In this pa-per the criterion is first presented and the design technique using the step one up-dating procedure is discussed.Finally,design of a simulated monitoring networkis made as a demonstrating example.

Integrated Sequential Groundwater Contaminant Source Characterization and Pareto-Optimal Monitoring Network Design Application for a Contaminated Aquifer Site

Accurate and reliable groundwater contaminant source characterization with limited contaminant concentration monitoring measurement data remains a challenging problem. This study presents an illustrative application of developed methodologies to a real-life contaminated aquifer. The source characterization and optimal monitoring network design methodologies are used sequentially for a contaminated aquifer site located in New South Wales, Australia. Performance of the integrated optimal source characterization methodology combining linked simulation-optimization, fractal singularity mapping technique (FSMT) and Pareto optimal solutions is evaluated. This study presents an integrated application of optimal source characterization with spatiotemporal concentration measurement data obtained from sequentially designed monitoring networks. The proposed sequential source characterization and monitoring network design methodology shows efficiency in identifying the unknown source characteristics. The designed monitoring network achieves comparable efficiency and accuracy utilizing much smaller number of monitoring locations as compared to a more ideal scenario where concentration measurements from a very large number of widespread monitoring wells are available. The proposed methodology is potentially useful for efficient characterization of unknown contaminant sources in a complex contaminated aquifer site, where very little initial concentration measurement data are available. The illustrative application of the methodology to a real-life contaminated aquifer site demonstrates the capability and efficiency of the proposed methodology.

ORPOM model for optimum distribution of tree ring sampling based on the climate observation network

Tree ring dating plays an important role in obtaining past climate information.The fundamental study of obtaining tree ring samples in typical climate regions is particularly essential.The optimum distribution of tree ring sampling sites based on climate information from the Climate Observation Network(ORPOM model) is presented in this article.In this setup,the tree rings in a typical region are used for surface representation,by applying excellent correlation with the climate information as the main principle.Taking the Horqin Sandy Land in the cold and arid region of China as an example,the optimum distribution range of the tree ring sampling sites was obtained through the application of the ORPOM model,which is considered a reasonably practical scheme.

Remote Monitoring System of Ship Running State under Wireless Network

In order to improve the stability and safety of ship operation, real-time monitoring to running state of the ship, a ship remote monitoring system, the running state of the design of wireless network system, including ship running state feature acquisition module, AD conversion module, bus transmission module, wireless network communication module, integrated control module and human-computer interaction module, ship communication network uses remote satellite communications and wireless sensor networking technology, SIP session initiation protocol H. 23 protocol based on IETF and wireless network communication for ship design. To focus on the implementation of the multi thread control method for ship running state monitoring instruction, monitoring system application development and integration in cross compiler GCC compiler environment, design software platform monitoring system using heterogeneous and hierarchical middleware technology, network access services and real-time monitoring service ship monitoring system, the system test results show that the designed remote monitoring system of ship running state can monitor the running state characteristics of ship in real time, and the system has good adaptability and reliability.

Seismic Health Monitoring of Foundations Using Artificial Neural Networks

Damage identification plays an important role in structural health monitoring systems. Despite variety in damage identification methods, little attention has been paid to the seismic damage identification of foundations. When shear walls serve as the lateral load resistance system of structures, foundations may subject to the high level of concentrated moment and shear forces. Consequently, they can experience severe damage. Since such damage is often internal and not visible, visual inspections cannot identify the location and the severity of damage. Therefore, a robust method is required for damage localization and quantification of foundations. According to the concept of performance-based seismic design of structures, the seismic behavior of foundations is considered as Force-Controlled. Therefore, for damage identification of foundation, internal forces should be estimated during ground motions. In this study, for real-time seismic damage detection of foundations, a method based on artificial neural networks was proposed. A feed-forward multilayer neural network with one hidden layer was selected to map input samples to output parameters. The lateral displacements of stories were considered as the input parameters of the neural network while moment and shear force demands at critical points of foundations were taken into account as the output parameters. In order to prepare well-distributed data sets for training the neural network, several nonlinear time history analyses were carried out. The proposed method was tested on the foundation of a five-story concrete shear wall building. The obtained results revealed that the proposed method was successfully estimated moment and shear force demands at the critical points of the foundation.

基于多传感数据融合的室内空间适老化环境监测系统设计

针对当前多传感数据融合算法性能不够理想导致室内空间适老化环境监测效果较差的问题,提出一种改进的多传感数据融合算法。提出一种变长数据融合算法(VLDFA)来消除冗余数据,对蜻蜓优化算法(DA)进行改进,结合改进DA和改进BP神经网络(BPNN),构建多传感数据融合模型。结果显示,该模型的精度超过98%。在温度误差与湿度误差监测比较中,所提出的模型的温度误差平均值为0.34℃,优于另外2种模型,表明该模型的多传感数据融合效果较为良好,能够很好地调整老年人居住环境。

基于神经网络与遗传算法的离心泵汽蚀性能优化设计

为了研究离心泵发生汽蚀过程时其内部流动规律和对其汽蚀性能的优化设计,在结合传统优化方法的基础上,提出神经网络与遗传算法结合的智能优化方法。通过Plackett-Burman试验设计从离心泵的叶轮进出口直径、进出口安放角、叶片数、叶片包角等7个设计参数中筛选出显著影响的3个优化设计变量。叶片出口宽度、叶片包角和叶轮出口直径3个优化设计变量,其影响汽蚀性能的显著性由大到小。运用拉丁超立方抽样方法抽取30组设计方案,分别进行数值模拟计算,得出相应的汽蚀余量值。建立神经网络模型,结合遗传算法在规定范围内进行寻优,得到最优设计变量组合及最优汽蚀余量值。取优化后的参数进行数值模拟计算,优化后的离心泵在相同工况下汽蚀余量降低了43.1%,说明优化后的离心泵抗汽蚀性能显著提高。

5G无线通信系统在煤矿监控平台的应用

在煤矿井下开采深度不断增大的情况下,复杂环境对开采作业造成的影响越来越大,需要煤矿企业对监控平台进行5G无线通信技术的升级,确保对开采过程具有良好的监控及通信效果。为此,以A煤矿的通信升级为例,在对5G网络有了一定的了解后,提出通信升级方案。对基于5G无线通信系统的监控平台进行了设计,详细分析了网络设计目标、平台整体架构、传输组网设计、应用总体设计等,并且对硬件安装和功能进行了概述。通过试验,系统具有良好的通信能力,利于提高煤炭生产安全性,促进煤矿企业的可持续发展。

地震监测自组网系统的研究与设计

传统观察台网是一种用于观测和监测的网络系统,由多个分区在特定区域的观测点组成,随时收集和传送环境数据、参考数据或其他类型的观察数据,但其在通信范围扩展、网络稳定性和性能效率方面还略显不足。基于Mesh协议的自主网络系统在密集观测台网中具备良好的通信能力和数据控制能力,用于解决密集观测台中的通信问题。该系统通过引入Mesh网络结构和能量感知机制,实现通信范围扩展、网络自主组织和数据控制等功能。该研究为密集观测台网的应用提供一种可行的解决方案,并具有很好的实用性和估值。通过设计无线自组网传输系统与台阵监控管理中心和自组网管理节点相结合可以更好地对系统进行研究。

市域铁路调度中心级路网综合监控系统设计

文章研究了市域铁路调度中心级路网综合监控系统设计,在明确市域铁路特点以及调度功能需求的基础上,从系统总体定位、系统设计原则、系统功能设计、系统主要构成、软硬件设计等方面出发,分析了综合监控系统设计要点,有利于减少路网运行风险,提高线路资源的集中监控和整合利用水平,推动市域铁路实现更高质量的发展。

基于Fuzzing测试的全新网络安全监测系统设计

该文提出了一种基于Fuzzing测试的全新网络安全监测系统设计方案。该系统将Fuzzing测试技术与其他先进算法结合,旨在实时监测网络范围内的用户行为、系统参数等关键信息,及时发现并应对潜在的安全威胁。通过阐述系统的硬件和软件设计,包括监测器、数据处理器、报警器以及各个软件模块的功能与实现方式,展示了该系统的全面性和高效性,以及网络安全监测的准确性和效率,为网络安全领域提供了一种新的防御策略。

基于智能防窃电终端的新型配电系统可靠性提升研究

本文提出了基于智能防窃电终端的新型配电系统可靠性提升设计。首先分析了防窃电工作的必要性。随后介绍了基于网络感知的防窃电系统的设计,包括系统架构、网络拓扑和系统集成接口。进一步详细描述了基于网络感知的反窃电监测终端的设计原理、功能概述以及适用场景,特别是针对专变用户和光伏发电系统的监测和诊断。最后,通过应用分析,论证了系统在专变用户异常分析、线路异常监控分析和光伏专变用户发电上网监测方面的有效性。文章结论指出,基于网络感知的智能防窃电终端系统设计能够实时监测电力系统中的窃电行为,提高了窃电行为的检测效率,有助于保障配电网络的正常运行,并提出了进一步完善系统的建议。

网络设备集中监控系统的架构设计与实现

本文提出了网络设备集中监控系统的架构设计与实现方法,旨在应对现代网络管理因设备数量庞大和复杂性增加而面临的挑战。该系统采用四层架构,包括基础工具层、公共管理组件层、应用管理组件层和用户接口层,以实现高效、模块化和可重用的网络管理功能。该系统具备实时监控网络设备和服务的状态与性能、自动触发事件以及保存和分析监控数据等核心功能,能够为网络管理员提供全面的网络状态和服务性能信息。在监控实现方面,系统利用SNMP协议进行监控数据的获取,确保监控的通用性和可扩展性。通过为每个监控项定义独立的监控任务,并使用任务调度器定时启动任务,系统能够准确及时地获取监控数据。同时,系统的模块化设计使得功能扩展和升级变得简单便捷,能够满足不断变化的网络环境和业务需求。

基于变形监测成果的基坑支护设计稳定性评价

采用粒子群算法、广义回归神经网络和差分自回归移动平均模型实现基坑变形预测,评价基坑施工过程中的稳定性,以佐证基坑支护措施的有效性。基坑区地质条件、近接条件均较为复杂,需采用刚度大的支护结构来控制基坑变形,因此,将基坑支护形式确定为桩锚支护结构,且为确保基坑支护体系的经济性,还进行了分区支护措施设计。在基坑稳定性评价过程中,现阶段条件下的沉降变形的变化范围为12.68~21.42 mm,均值为17.84 mm,水平位移的变化范围为15.08~22.49 mm,均值为18.68 mm,得出两类变形均小于变形控制值,说明基坑目前的变形在变形控制值范围内,其稳定性较好;通过变形预测,得出基坑后续变形具收敛趋势,后续的变形值范围为21.35~23.58 mm,也小于变形控制值,说明基坑后续的变形控制也较好,基坑稳定性较优。

数字化电力运营监控平台设计模型

为有效提升电力企业的工作效率和市场竞争力,提出了数字化电力运营监控平台的设计方案。基于K均值聚类算法对电力异常数据进行检测,并通过图形展示异常数据检测结果,红色的深浅表示预警的等级。提出了基于灰色神经网络的用户需求预测模型,并将灰色神经网络模型和灰色模型、BP神经网络模型对比,验证了灰色神经网络预测模型具有更高的预测精度。采用灰色神经网络模型预测了某地区用户电量需求,为电力系统的高效调度提供了数据支撑。所设计的数字化电力运营监控平台对提升电力企业市场竞争力具有一定的实用价值。

电力监控系统设计研究

随着信息技术的快速发展和智能电力系统的广泛应用,电力监控系统在电力生产、传输以及配送过程中起着关键作用。以电力监控系统的设计和研究为中心,从电力监控系统的含义及其重要性展开分析,详细论述了电力监控系统的整体结构,对电力监控系统的硬件设计和软件设计进行了分析,明确了电力监控系统安全防护的原则,以及优化电力监控系统设计的策略和思路。

网络技术应用于空调监控系统的设计与实现研究

信息化、网络化时代的当下,网络技术的应用已成为各行各业发展壮大、提高效率的重要手段。特定环境下的温度和湿度控制对网络技术的应用有重要影响,如计算机房、科研实验室等,其对环境温湿度有着严格要求。空调监控系统作为该环境下温湿度调控的关键设施,其功能是否完善、运行是否稳定,直接关系到整体网络环境的稳定性和效率。基于此,对网络技术应用于空调监控系统的设计与实现进行了研究,以期为相关研究者和从业者提供参考。