DAO媒介:驱动未来社会算法化与自组织的元媒介

DAO媒介是以区块链算法等技术为基础,支持数字社群协同自治的媒介,具有区块链、智能合约与投票等功能特性和要素确权、技术信任、规则构架以及场景聚合等价值禀赋。对于数字生态显露的各种问题,“算法化”是重构数字生态、降解社会系统复杂性的关键机制,DAO媒介是支撑“自组织式”算法化的元媒介。DAO媒介与数字文明时代喷发的微粒个体、微资源、微价值、微需求、微场景等相匹配,能够深度匹配人的个性与自我,形成有效的趣缘连接,进而极大地释放数字文明的生产力。DAO媒介将深刻影响社会系统的构造,将微粒个体与相关社会要素“包裹”为闭环子系统,支持其准开放的系统边界、有效的异质性整合、可持续的规则重构、子系统与父级系统的持续分化和快速进化,等等。在数字文明时代,DAO媒介将使“重新部落化”的“地球村”变为现实,其驱动构筑的DAO社会将更加多元、更加富有创造力,不断拓展人类群体实践的自由度,使人类在高度异质性聚合基础上更加和谐有序地整合协同。

The Journey/DAO/TAO of Embodied Intelligence: From Large Models to Foundation Intelligence and Parallel Intelligence

THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].

Buddhist monk Lin Daoren,specialist of traumatology and orthopedics

Buddhist monk Lin Daoren(790-850,from Xi'an,Shaanxi Province)was a specialist of traumatology and orthopedics of the Tang Dynasty.Secrets of Treating Wounds and Rejoining Fractures(Li Shang Xu Duan Fang)written by him is the first extant monography on traumatology and orthopedics in China.According to the preface of the book,he had profound medical knowledge especially about the theory,diagnosis and treatment for wounds and fractures.

Chemosensitizing Effect of Monk Fruit Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

The outcomes of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory with the palpable side effects. We hypothesized that natural products might help improve chemotherapy with few side effects. Recently, we came across the bioactive extracts of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) with anticancer activity. We then investigated if these extracts might have chemosensitizing effect to improve the efficacy of drugs clinically used today. Four different drugs, cisplatin (CPL), carboplatin (CBL), mitomycin C (MMC), and gemcitabine (GEM), were used in this study. Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with each drug itself or drug combined with either LLE or MOG (two types of monk fruit extracts). Cell viability was determined to assess anticancer effect and also explored the anticancer mechanism of such combinations, focusing on the status of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromatin structure. Cell viability test showed that all drugs had anticancer activity, reducing cell viability, but only CPL showed the enhanced anticancer effect when combined with LLE (not with MOG). The rest of three drugs had no such effects with LLE or MOG. The CPL/LLE combination was found to disrupt glycolysis, by inhibiting hexokinase activity, resulted in the decreased ATP synthesis. This combination also blocked the cell cycle progression, due to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the two epigenetic regulators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, were inactivated with the combination, indicating chromatin modifications. Ultimately, these treated cells were found to undergo apoptosis. In conclusion, anticancer activity of CPL can be significantly enhanced with LLE. This chemosensitizing effect is attributed to the glycolysis inhibition, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Thus, certain natural products such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant agent in current chemotherapy, improving the drug efficacy but minimizing side effects.

A Framework Based on the DAO and NFT in Blockchain for Electronic Document Sharing

In the information age,electronic documents(e-documents)have become a popular alternative to paper documents due to their lower costs,higher dissemination rates,and ease of knowledge sharing.However,digital copyright infringements occur frequently due to the ease of copying,which not only infringes on the rights of creators but also weakens their creative enthusiasm.Therefore,it is crucial to establish an e-document sharing system that enforces copyright protection.However,the existing centralized system has outstanding vulnerabilities,and the plagiarism detection algorithm used cannot fully detect the context,semantics,style,and other factors of the text.Digital watermark technology is only used as a means of infringement tracing.This paper proposes a decentralized framework for e-document sharing based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO)and non-fungible token(NFT)in blockchain.The use of blockchain as a distributed credit base resolves the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional centralized systems.The e-document evaluation and plagiarism detection mechanisms based on the DAO model effectively address challenges in comprehensive text information checks,thereby promoting the enhancement of e-document quality.The mechanism for protecting and circulating e-document copyrights using NFT technology ensures effective safeguarding of users’e-document copyrights and facilitates e-document sharing.Moreover,recognizing the security issues within the DAO governance mechanism,we introduce an innovative optimization solution.Through experimentation,we validate the enhanced security of the optimized governance mechanism,reducing manipulation risks by up to 51%.Additionally,by utilizing evolutionary game analysis to deduce the equilibrium strategies of the framework,we discovered that adjusting the reward and penalty parameters of the incentive mechanism motivates creators to generate superior quality and unique e-documents,while evaluators are more likely to engage in assessments.

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

脓毒症预后不良患者血清I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac水平变化及其危险因素探讨

目的 探讨脓毒症预后不良患者血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸(D-Lac)水平变化及其危险因素。方法 收集2017年7月至2020年3月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的454例脓毒症患者临床资料,根据患者预后情况将其分为预后良好组(273例)和预后不良组(181例),统计脓毒症患者预后不良发生现状及其单因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者预后不良的危险因素。结果 454例脓毒症患者预后不良共181例,预后不良发生率为39.87%。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组与预后良好组年龄、平均动脉压(MAP)、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、感染相关器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、外周血白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、总胆红素(TBil)、前白蛋白(PAB)、I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac、D-二聚体(D-d)水平及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄较大、MAP较低、APACHEⅡ评分较高、SOFA评分较高、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平较高、PT、APTT较长均为脓毒症患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 脓毒症患者预后不良发生率较高,同时其危险因素与患者年龄、MAP、APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平、PT、APT有关。

去中心化理念对传统组织法的冲击与再造——以“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)为中心的考察

传统组织法以单一的中心化假设为指引的模式,已经难以满足当下投资者的经济民主化诉求,在去中心化理念的冲击下,其适应性存疑。传统组织法应当适度接纳去中心化理念,而“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)由于具备商业上的可行性以及与传统法的可兼容性,是去中心化组织法研究的理想样本。将去中心化理念融入组织法,需要着重解决中心化节点权责配置错位问题,构建实控成员减轻信义义务框架以完善信义体系。还应进一步完善作为组织法支撑的通证监管框架,逐步实现“从通证化证券到证券通证”的设想。当然,也不应排除缔造“中心化—去中心化”二元组织法架构的可能性。

What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence

THE well-known ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu(老子)or Laozi(6th~4th century BC during the Spring and Autumn period)started his classic Tao Teh Ching《道德经》or Dao De Jing(see Fig.1)with six Chinese characters:"道(Dao)可(Ke)道(Dao)非(Fei)常(Chang)道(Dao)",which has been traditionally interpreted as“道可道,非常道”or"The Dao that can be spoken is not the eternal Dao".

探讨瓜蒌大黄汤对重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者血SP-A、DAO、炎症因子影响及临床疗效

目的 基于“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索以宣肺通腑法为指导,在瓜蒌大黄汤干预下,对肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)及炎症因子等影响,揭示瓜蒌大黄汤治疗重症肺炎的作用机制及疗效。方法 筛选诊断为重症肺炎,中医辨证为肺热腑实证患者62例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各31例,两组又依据肺炎病情严重程度分为中高危亚组、极高危亚组。对照组给予常规西医治疗,试验组在对照组基础上加用瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠,观察并记录治疗前及治疗第7、14天两组患者血SP-A、DAO、胃动素(MTL)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞比率(NEUT%)水平及中医证候评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)、临床肺部感染评分(CPIS评分)、急性胃肠损伤评分(AGI评分)、临床疗效、28 d病死率、机械通气时间、ICU住院天数。结果 中高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组SP-A、DAO、WBC、NEUT%、TNF-α、IL-6指标水平明显低于对照组,治疗第7、14天时试验组MTL指标水平均明显高于对照组,P<0.05;治疗第7、14天时试验组AGI评分、CPIS评分均明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组APACHE Ⅱ评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组以上指标比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。中高危亚组中,治疗第7、14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组喘息、腹胀评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。中高危亚组中,试验组显效率明显高于对照组,机械通气时间明显低于对照组,P<0.05;中高危亚组和极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组ICU住院天数、28 d病死率比较差异均无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论 重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者给予瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠能明显改善胃肠道症状,能改善中高危重症肺炎患者呼吸困难等临床症状,促进肺、肠黏膜屏障修复,减轻炎症反应,缩短呼吸机的上机时间,但不能改变预后。

DAO to HANOI via DeSci: AI Paradigm Shifts from AlphaGo to ChatGPT

From AlphaGo to ChatGPT,the field of AI has launched a series of remarkable achievements in recent years.Analyzing,comparing,and summarizing these achievements at the paradigm level is important for future AI innovation,but has not received sufficient attention.In this paper,we give an overview and perspective on machine learning paradigms.First,we propose a paradigm taxonomy with three levels and seven dimensions from a knowledge perspective.Accordingly,we give an overview on three basic and twelve extended learning paradigms,such as Ensemble Learning,Transfer Learning,etc.,with figures in unified style.We further analyze three advanced paradigms,i.e.,AlphaGo,AlphaFold and ChatGPT.Second,to enable more efficient and effective scientific discovery,we propose to build a new ecosystem that drives AI paradigm shifts through the decentralized science(DeSci)movement based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO).To this end,we design the Hanoi framework,which integrates human factors,parallel intelligence based on a combination of artificial systems and the natural world,and the DAO to inspire AI innovations.

元宇宙中的管理创新:从科层到DAO

DAO(非中心化自治组织)是适应元宇宙的组织方式,将成为企业在数字经济时代的主要管理模式,现有的企业组织形态面临解构和重构,企业管理将出现重大创新。与传统企业中心化的科层组织模式不同,DAO承载的是达成共识的群体自发产生的共创、共建、共治、共享协同行为。本文从DAO的成本、共识、激励和投票机制等方面,通过交易费用理论和案例分析,对比了传统科层组织模式与DAO的优缺点,讨论了DAO的适用场景和限制条件,提出企业利用DAO实现管理创新的主要障碍是企业目标的科层式达成方式和自上而下的企业文化。在现有技术水平之下,DAO仍然存在由底层技术造成的模式缺陷,因而需要设计适合产业特征的解决方案,本文最后对传统企业的转型提出了建议。

高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及 FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平的影响

目的:探究高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及对脂肪酸结合蛋白-2(FABP2)、二胶氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平的影响。方法:选取本院普外科2020年1月—2021年12月收治的高龄消化道穿孔患者89例,随机数字表法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,相应接受开腹修补术、腹腔镜修补术治疗,比较两组疗效及FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平变化。结果:两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量较开腹组更少,术后下床、住院时间及肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气及排便时间较开腹组更短(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率低于开腹组(P<0.05)。术后7d两组FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平均低于手术当天,且腹腔镜组均低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜修补术治疗高龄消化道穿孔可获得较开腹修补术更满意的疗效,可更明显控制FABP2、DAO及D-乳酸水平,值得广泛推广。

Potential Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Extract of Monk Fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) on Human Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cells

Prostate and bladder cancers are the two prevalent urological cancers, and several therapeutic options are currently available but the outcomes have not been satisfactory. To find the better therapeutic option, we investigated if the bioactive extracts of monk fruit, mogrosides, with potential anticancer activity might have anticancer effect against prostate and bladder cancer cells. Four of commercial products made of mogrosides known as Lakantoò (LKT) products, LK1, LK2, LLE, and MOG, were then tested. A dose-dependent study at given concentrations of four products showed that LK1 and LK2 had little effects, while LLE and MOG showed a significant cell viability reduction in both PC-3 and T24 cells. To explore the anticancer mechanism of such products, cell cycle analysis was first performed. Such analysis revealed that LLE and MOG, not LK1 and LK2, led to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Potential induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was next examined because it is known to be linked to a cell cycle arrest. The three key regulators involved in ER stress were all up-regulated with LLE or MOG, indicating induction of ER stress. As ER stress is also known to induce apoptosis, this possibility was tested. The two apoptotic regulators were modulated in a specific manner with LLE or MOG, indicating induction of apoptosis. Lastly, to validate anticancer effect of LLE or MOG, anticancer effect of four chemotherapeutic drugs was also assessed in comparison with that of LLE/MOG. None of drugs had any effects but two products showed significant anticancer effect. In conclusion, two monk fruit products, LLE and MOG, demonstrated anticancer activity against PC-3 and T24 cells, significantly reducing cell viability and ultimately inducing apoptosis. Therefore, these two LKT products with few side effects may have clinical implications in the treatment of urological cancers.

针刺治疗对AGI患者的血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的影响

目的观察针刺治疗对急性胃肠损伤(AGI)危重症患者的血清脂肪酶(LPS)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)水平的影响。方法将64例患者按照随机数字表法随机分成两组,常规组32例,给予西医抗炎、抑酸护胃常规治疗;针刺组32例,在常规治疗基础上予针刺治疗,疗程为7 d。两组均在治疗第1、4、7天采集静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的水平,比较两组患者在治疗第1、4和7天LPS、DAO、I-FABP的变化。结果治疗第1天,两组各项指标间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗第4、7天,针刺组的LPS、DAO、I-FABP均较常规组下降明显(P<0.05)。结论针刺联合常规西医治疗,可明显降低LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平,可能通过改善LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平促进肠康复。

作为技术物的融合电影:DAO、WEB3.0与物质性

当下,电影本体研究转向了对电影进行物质性的比较与阐释。作为WEB3.0技术体系之下诞生的新互联网技术物,DAO提供了重要的比较维度与新型文本。根据海德格尔等理论家的“物质性”理论,这两种看似不同的技术物都具有集群性、非触觉实体、数字化、光子化的特征,徐冰、池田亮司、Pak等艺术家的电影装置作品鲜明地显现出这一点。因此,电影与DAO等新数字文化结构之间的相互转化与融合生成,正是技术物之间的物质性流动的绝佳体现。

Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

The Inheritance and Deviation of the Subjective Construction“You Bei X Dao(有被X到)”

Sentence“bei”(“被”字句)and“bei xx”(被xx)provide syntactic and semantic basis for the generation of the construction“You Bei X Dao(有被x到)”.They are in a continuum and have family similarity.The sentence“bei”is a typical member,while“bei xx”is an atypical member.Because the construction“You Bei X Dao”has a single function and less attention,it is at the edge of the continuum and is a marginal member.However,it has certain research value in the inheritance and innovation of“bei”and“bei xx”.

金岳霖融通中西的形而上学之道

金岳霖《论道》的写作目的,是为了实现中西哲学的融通,建构一个既能够体现中国哲学精神传统又能吸收西方哲学的形而上学之道的哲学体系。金岳霖的形而上学作为一种元哲学,其问题意识来源于西方哲学,其论证方式来自西方哲学与逻辑学。但是,由于“道”在中国人的思想世界及价值信仰方面居于核心地位,金岳霖建构的形而上学之道显然是立足于中国哲学的。金岳霖坚持以中国哲学特别是宋明理学的思维方式、价值观念、哲学范畴为基础,通过一系列西方逻辑体系的论证,最终建构了一个以传统中国哲学范畴为基本框架、吸收了西方哲学的现代中国哲学体系。不能仅仅将金岳霖的《论道》理解为民族文化、情感归属的需求,他同时也是站在时代和人类的哲学思考高度,通过融通中西哲学以解决现代形而上学重建的问题,其形而上学之道具有回应人类普遍哲学问题的世界现代哲学意义。