A series of thermodynamic parameters in formation of ultrafine monodispersed colloidal particles of Y(OH)CO3 were measured, estimated and calculated. The thermodynamic stability of Y(OH)CO3 colloidal particles was stu...A series of thermodynamic parameters in formation of ultrafine monodispersed colloidal particles of Y(OH)CO3 were measured, estimated and calculated. The thermodynamic stability of Y(OH)CO3 colloidal particles was studied and discussed by phenomenological model. It is suggested that ultrafine monodispersed colloidal particles of Y(OH)CO3 are stable only in a very narrow temporary supersaturation range ( 1<x<1 .08).展开更多
The formation mechanism of monodisperse polymer latex particles in the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizationof methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate with potassium persulfate as initiator was investigated. A multi-...The formation mechanism of monodisperse polymer latex particles in the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizationof methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate with potassium persulfate as initiator was investigated. A multi-step formationmechanism for the monodisperse polymer particles was proposed. The nucleation mechanism is considered to be thecoagulation of the precursor particles by homogeneous nucleation when the primary particles reach a critical size with highsurface charge density and sufficient stability. It had been proved by a special experiment that the early latex particles formedby the coagulation were stable. The primary particles grow by absorbing monomers and radicals in the polymerization systemand then become colloidally unstable again due to the understandable decrease of particle surface charge density, which leadsto the aggregation of the growing particles and the formation of larger latex pedicles therefrom. Aner the nucleation period,the preferential aggregation of the smaller particles in the propagation process leads to the change of the particles towards auniform size and narrower particle size distribution. The coexistence and competition of homogeneous nucleation,coagulation, propagation and aggregation result in the increase of the polydispersity index (U = D_(43)/D_(10)) in the first Stage,then its decrease in the later stage because of the competition of propagation and aggregation, and the gradual formation ofthe monodisperse particles.展开更多
Monodisperse a-Fe2O3 particles with different particle size (ca. 62010 nm or 604 nm) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method in short periods. In this process, the crystal-growing inhibitor (DBS) favor...Monodisperse a-Fe2O3 particles with different particle size (ca. 62010 nm or 604 nm) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method in short periods. In this process, the crystal-growing inhibitor (DBS) favored the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles.展开更多
Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene divinylbenzene) particles were prepared by a two-step swelling method. It was demonstrated that the packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high colum...Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene divinylbenzene) particles were prepared by a two-step swelling method. It was demonstrated that the packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high column efficiency, low interstitial volume and low back pressure to the packings prepared with suspension polymerization method. Using size exclusionchromatography and weak ion exchange chromatography as examples, it was shown that these packings could be modified chemically more easily than poly (styrene divinylbenzene) packings.展开更多
A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethy...A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethylene ethyl ether, were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the structural factor, the amount and feeding mode of the comonomers, the initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the stability of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of a small amount of ZE with potassium persulfate as initiator were investigated. Stable, almost monodispersed MMA/BA/ZE emulsifier-free latex particles were prepared.展开更多
Monodispersed particles of doped yttrium basic carbonates were prepared at aging at elevated temperature corresponding salts solutions in the presence of urea. Coprecipitation in mixed solutions of yttrium, lanthanum ...Monodispersed particles of doped yttrium basic carbonates were prepared at aging at elevated temperature corresponding salts solutions in the presence of urea. Coprecipitation in mixed solutions of yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium salts under similar experimental conditions yielded composite particles of basic carbonates. The content of the three metals in the solids followed closely the initial composition of the reacting solutions. On calcination all prepared solids converted to their corresponding oxides while retaining their particle morphology. The so-prepared powders were characterized by various techniques.展开更多
Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) particles were prepared through the normal emulsion polymerization method by adding crosslinker--divinylbenzene (DVB) into the reaction system after polystyrene (PS) pa...Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) particles were prepared through the normal emulsion polymerization method by adding crosslinker--divinylbenzene (DVB) into the reaction system after polystyrene (PS) particles grew to -80% of the final size. When the amount of crosslinker DVB added was less than 6.17 wt% based on styrene, the prepared CPS particles were spherical and uniform and the size of the CPS particles could be predicted through the normal emulsion method. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepared CPS particles was higher than that of un-crosslinked PS particles and, the more crosslinker that was added, the higher the Tg of CPS Particles. The prepared CPS particles had strong resistance to organic solvents.展开更多
Monodisperse nonporous silica particles were prepared by sol-precipitation via seed particle growth method, and the particle size, which varied from 1.0 to 4.7 μm, was strictly controlled in our experiment, The forma...Monodisperse nonporous silica particles were prepared by sol-precipitation via seed particle growth method, and the particle size, which varied from 1.0 to 4.7 μm, was strictly controlled in our experiment, The formation of secondary particles, which resulted in a multimodaI distribution of particle size, was suppressed by changing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentration and reaction temperature. Furthermore, the effect of adding small amounts of electrolyte to the hydrolysis mixture was examined.展开更多
The piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) impedance analyzer was used to monitor in situ the generation of monodisperse silica particles during the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and their adsorption o...The piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) impedance analyzer was used to monitor in situ the generation of monodisperse silica particles during the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and their adsorption onto an Au electrode in alcohol solutions containing water (6-15 mol/L) and ammonia (0 2-2 0 mol/L). The equivalent circuit parameters, the resonance frequencies and the half peak width values of the conductance spectra of the PQC resonance were obtained. The resonant frequency decreased notably while the motional resistance changed very slightly (within 1 Ω) during the hydrolysis reaction, suggesting that the mass effect do^minated the adsorption of generated monodisperse silica particles on the gold electrode in this system. Changes in f 0 indicated that the ammonia concentration affected the hydrolytic reaction obviously, and the influence of water concentration on the reaction was small while the water was significantly excessive. Kinetics of monodisperse silica particle adsorption occurring at the electrode|solution interface was analyzed using a first order reaction scheme. In addition, the electrolyte induced precipitation of the monodisperse silica particles was monitored and discussed. The mean size, the number of adsorbed particles per area and the converge of monodisperse silica particles were obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations.展开更多
1 Results Self-assembling of monodisperse polymeric nanoparticles is a perspective method of obtaining photonic crystalline materials for optoelectronics,telecommunication industry and optosensorics.For tuning optical...1 Results Self-assembling of monodisperse polymeric nanoparticles is a perspective method of obtaining photonic crystalline materials for optoelectronics,telecommunication industry and optosensorics.For tuning optical characteristics of photonic crystals it is advisable to functionalize nanoparticles by dyes absorbing or emitting light in the vicinity of the photonic band gap,which position depends on the nanoparticle diameter.To prepare monodisperse nanoparticles with the dye-functionalyzed surface emu...展开更多
Monodisperse spherical SiO2 particles were successfully synthesized in 2-propanol-H2O-NH3 system by the microwave hydrothermal method using ammonia as catalyst. To investigate the influences on the size of spherical S...Monodisperse spherical SiO2 particles were successfully synthesized in 2-propanol-H2O-NH3 system by the microwave hydrothermal method using ammonia as catalyst. To investigate the influences on the size of spherical SiO2 particles, factors such as ammonia concentration, reaction temperature, stirring intensity and reactants mol ratio have been studied. The orthogonal experiments were carried out. The as-prepared SiO2 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results indicated that the size of SiO2 particles increased greatly with the increase in ammonia concentration, temperature and reactants mol ratio, but increased slightly with the increase in stirring intensity. Monodisperse spherical Si02 particles were amorphous with perfect sphere and uniform size. Hydroxyl was detected in SiO2. Kinetic parameters were calculated, and finally the reaction rate equation of dehydrated hydroxyl was obtained.展开更多
文摘A series of thermodynamic parameters in formation of ultrafine monodispersed colloidal particles of Y(OH)CO3 were measured, estimated and calculated. The thermodynamic stability of Y(OH)CO3 colloidal particles was studied and discussed by phenomenological model. It is suggested that ultrafine monodispersed colloidal particles of Y(OH)CO3 are stable only in a very narrow temporary supersaturation range ( 1<x<1 .08).
文摘The formation mechanism of monodisperse polymer latex particles in the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizationof methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate with potassium persulfate as initiator was investigated. A multi-step formationmechanism for the monodisperse polymer particles was proposed. The nucleation mechanism is considered to be thecoagulation of the precursor particles by homogeneous nucleation when the primary particles reach a critical size with highsurface charge density and sufficient stability. It had been proved by a special experiment that the early latex particles formedby the coagulation were stable. The primary particles grow by absorbing monomers and radicals in the polymerization systemand then become colloidally unstable again due to the understandable decrease of particle surface charge density, which leadsto the aggregation of the growing particles and the formation of larger latex pedicles therefrom. Aner the nucleation period,the preferential aggregation of the smaller particles in the propagation process leads to the change of the particles towards auniform size and narrower particle size distribution. The coexistence and competition of homogeneous nucleation,coagulation, propagation and aggregation result in the increase of the polydispersity index (U = D_(43)/D_(10)) in the first Stage,then its decrease in the later stage because of the competition of propagation and aggregation, and the gradual formation ofthe monodisperse particles.
文摘Monodisperse a-Fe2O3 particles with different particle size (ca. 62010 nm or 604 nm) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method in short periods. In this process, the crystal-growing inhibitor (DBS) favored the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles.
文摘Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene divinylbenzene) particles were prepared by a two-step swelling method. It was demonstrated that the packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high column efficiency, low interstitial volume and low back pressure to the packings prepared with suspension polymerization method. Using size exclusionchromatography and weak ion exchange chromatography as examples, it was shown that these packings could be modified chemically more easily than poly (styrene divinylbenzene) packings.
文摘A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethylene ethyl ether, were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the structural factor, the amount and feeding mode of the comonomers, the initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the stability of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of a small amount of ZE with potassium persulfate as initiator were investigated. Stable, almost monodispersed MMA/BA/ZE emulsifier-free latex particles were prepared.
文摘Monodispersed particles of doped yttrium basic carbonates were prepared at aging at elevated temperature corresponding salts solutions in the presence of urea. Coprecipitation in mixed solutions of yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium salts under similar experimental conditions yielded composite particles of basic carbonates. The content of the three metals in the solids followed closely the initial composition of the reacting solutions. On calcination all prepared solids converted to their corresponding oxides while retaining their particle morphology. The so-prepared powders were characterized by various techniques.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No:2006CB932601)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholar,Ministry of Education
文摘Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) particles were prepared through the normal emulsion polymerization method by adding crosslinker--divinylbenzene (DVB) into the reaction system after polystyrene (PS) particles grew to -80% of the final size. When the amount of crosslinker DVB added was less than 6.17 wt% based on styrene, the prepared CPS particles were spherical and uniform and the size of the CPS particles could be predicted through the normal emulsion method. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepared CPS particles was higher than that of un-crosslinked PS particles and, the more crosslinker that was added, the higher the Tg of CPS Particles. The prepared CPS particles had strong resistance to organic solvents.
文摘Monodisperse nonporous silica particles were prepared by sol-precipitation via seed particle growth method, and the particle size, which varied from 1.0 to 4.7 μm, was strictly controlled in our experiment, The formation of secondary particles, which resulted in a multimodaI distribution of particle size, was suppressed by changing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentration and reaction temperature. Furthermore, the effect of adding small amounts of electrolyte to the hydrolysis mixture was examined.
文摘The piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) impedance analyzer was used to monitor in situ the generation of monodisperse silica particles during the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and their adsorption onto an Au electrode in alcohol solutions containing water (6-15 mol/L) and ammonia (0 2-2 0 mol/L). The equivalent circuit parameters, the resonance frequencies and the half peak width values of the conductance spectra of the PQC resonance were obtained. The resonant frequency decreased notably while the motional resistance changed very slightly (within 1 Ω) during the hydrolysis reaction, suggesting that the mass effect do^minated the adsorption of generated monodisperse silica particles on the gold electrode in this system. Changes in f 0 indicated that the ammonia concentration affected the hydrolytic reaction obviously, and the influence of water concentration on the reaction was small while the water was significantly excessive. Kinetics of monodisperse silica particle adsorption occurring at the electrode|solution interface was analyzed using a first order reaction scheme. In addition, the electrolyte induced precipitation of the monodisperse silica particles was monitored and discussed. The mean size, the number of adsorbed particles per area and the converge of monodisperse silica particles were obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations.
文摘1 Results Self-assembling of monodisperse polymeric nanoparticles is a perspective method of obtaining photonic crystalline materials for optoelectronics,telecommunication industry and optosensorics.For tuning optical characteristics of photonic crystals it is advisable to functionalize nanoparticles by dyes absorbing or emitting light in the vicinity of the photonic band gap,which position depends on the nanoparticle diameter.To prepare monodisperse nanoparticles with the dye-functionalyzed surface emu...
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2007CB613603)
文摘Monodisperse spherical SiO2 particles were successfully synthesized in 2-propanol-H2O-NH3 system by the microwave hydrothermal method using ammonia as catalyst. To investigate the influences on the size of spherical SiO2 particles, factors such as ammonia concentration, reaction temperature, stirring intensity and reactants mol ratio have been studied. The orthogonal experiments were carried out. The as-prepared SiO2 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results indicated that the size of SiO2 particles increased greatly with the increase in ammonia concentration, temperature and reactants mol ratio, but increased slightly with the increase in stirring intensity. Monodisperse spherical Si02 particles were amorphous with perfect sphere and uniform size. Hydroxyl was detected in SiO2. Kinetic parameters were calculated, and finally the reaction rate equation of dehydrated hydroxyl was obtained.