The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affec...The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affected or initiated by many factors,including chronic hepatitis B virus infection,hepatitis C virus infection,metabolic disorders or alcohol consumption.Liver function,tumor stage and the performance status of patients affect HCC clinical outcomes.Studies have shown that targeted treatment of tumor microenvironment disorders may improve the efficacy of HCC treatments.Cytokines derived from the innate immune response can regulate T-cell differentiation,thereby shaping adaptive immunity,which is associated with the prognosis of HCC.Therefore,it is important to elucidate the function of the MPS in the progression of HCC.In this review,we outline the impact of HCC on the MPS.We illustrate how HCC reshapes MPS cell phenotype remodeling and the production of associated cytokines and characterize the function and impairment of the MPS in HCC.展开更多
The mononuclear phagocyte system （MPS）, which con-sists of monocytes, dendritic cells （DCs）, and macro-phages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is effcie...The mononuclear phagocyte system （MPS）, which con-sists of monocytes, dendritic cells （DCs）, and macro-phages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is effcient in evading the host immunity, thereby facilitating its devel-opment into chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired im-mune response was regarded as the key factor to era-dicate HCV. However, innate immunity can regulate the acquired immune response. Innate immunity-derived cytokines shape the adaptive immunity by regulating T-cell differentiation, which determines the outcome of acute HCV infection. Inhibition of HCV-specific T-cell responses is one of the most important strategies for im-mune system evasion. It is meaningful to illustrate the role of innate immune response in HCV infection. With the MPS being the important factor in innate immunity, therefore, understanding the role of the MPS in HCV infection will shed light on the pathophysiology of chronic HCV infection. In this review, we outline the impact of HCV infection on the MPS and cytokine production. We discuss how HCV is detected by the MPS and describe the function and impairment of MPS components in HCV infection.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,known for their unique atomic arrangements and exceptional physicochemical properties,have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications,particularly in the realms of immun...Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,known for their unique atomic arrangements and exceptional physicochemical properties,have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications,particularly in the realms of immunotherapy for tissue engineering and tumor therapy.These applications necessitate a thorough assessment of the potential influence of 2D nanomaterials on immune cells.Notably,the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)cells,which play pivotal roles in both innate and adaptive immunity,are essential for maintaining organismal homeostasis.MPS cells with phagocytic capability contribute to the prevention of foreign body invasion and the elimination of dead or senescent cells.Furthermore,MPS cells,including macrophages and dendritic cells,serve as vital bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses.Therefore,understanding the nano-bio interactions between 2D nanomaterials and MPS cells is imperative.These nano-bio interactions including cellular uptake,cytocompatibility,and immunological impact are invaluable forthe purposeful design of 2D nanomaterials.Herein,we provide an overview of the latest advancements in understanding the nano-bio interactions between 2D nanomaterials and MPS cells,and discuss the current challenges and future prospects of employing 2D nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine.展开更多
AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted m...AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted metabolite(MET) fraction.A second fraction was made to generate a crude cell-wall-enriched fraction,by centrifugation and lysis,followed by washing.A preparation of MET was subjected to size exclusion centrifugation,generating three fractions:< 3 kDa,3-30 kDa,and 30-200 kDa and activities were tested in comparison to crude MET and cell wall in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) as a source of antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes.The maturation status of mononuclear phagocytes was evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies towards CD14,CD16,CD80 and CD86 and analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Treatment of PBMC with MET supported maturation of mononuclear phagocytes toward both macrophage and dendritic cell phenotypes.The biological activity unique to the metabolites included a reduction of CD14+ CD16+ pro-inflammatory cells,and this property was associated with the high molecular weight metabolite fraction.Changes were also seen for the dendritic cell maturation markers CD80 and CD86.On CD14dim cells,an increase in both CD80 and CD86 expression was seen,in contrast to a selective increase in CD86 expression on CD14bright cells.The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates effective antigen presentation to T cells and support of T helper cell differentiation.The selective expression of CD86 in the absence of CD80 points to a role in generating T regulatory cells.CONCLUSION:The data show that a primary mechanism of action of GBC30 metabolites involves support of more mature phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells,important for immunological decision-making.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No 81970529The Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20200201387JC.
文摘The mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)consists of monocytes,dendritic cells and macrophages,which play vital roles in innate immune defense against cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a complex disease that is affected or initiated by many factors,including chronic hepatitis B virus infection,hepatitis C virus infection,metabolic disorders or alcohol consumption.Liver function,tumor stage and the performance status of patients affect HCC clinical outcomes.Studies have shown that targeted treatment of tumor microenvironment disorders may improve the efficacy of HCC treatments.Cytokines derived from the innate immune response can regulate T-cell differentiation,thereby shaping adaptive immunity,which is associated with the prognosis of HCC.Therefore,it is important to elucidate the function of the MPS in the progression of HCC.In this review,we outline the impact of HCC on the MPS.We illustrate how HCC reshapes MPS cell phenotype remodeling and the production of associated cytokines and characterize the function and impairment of the MPS in HCC.
文摘The mononuclear phagocyte system （MPS）, which con-sists of monocytes, dendritic cells （DCs）, and macro-phages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is effcient in evading the host immunity, thereby facilitating its devel-opment into chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired im-mune response was regarded as the key factor to era-dicate HCV. However, innate immunity can regulate the acquired immune response. Innate immunity-derived cytokines shape the adaptive immunity by regulating T-cell differentiation, which determines the outcome of acute HCV infection. Inhibition of HCV-specific T-cell responses is one of the most important strategies for im-mune system evasion. It is meaningful to illustrate the role of innate immune response in HCV infection. With the MPS being the important factor in innate immunity, therefore, understanding the role of the MPS in HCV infection will shed light on the pathophysiology of chronic HCV infection. In this review, we outline the impact of HCV infection on the MPS and cytokine production. We discuss how HCV is detected by the MPS and describe the function and impairment of MPS components in HCV infection.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFB3203800,2022YFB3203801,2022YFB3203804CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,Grant/Award Number:JCTD-2020-08+6 种基金Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai,Grant/Award Number:SHSMU-ZDCX20210900Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:LR22C100001National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32071374Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission,Grant/Award Number:21dz2210100Explorer Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Grant/Award Number:22TS1400700Start-Up Funds from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Grant/Award Number:22X010201631Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader under the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan,Grant/Award Number:21XD1422100。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,known for their unique atomic arrangements and exceptional physicochemical properties,have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications,particularly in the realms of immunotherapy for tissue engineering and tumor therapy.These applications necessitate a thorough assessment of the potential influence of 2D nanomaterials on immune cells.Notably,the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)cells,which play pivotal roles in both innate and adaptive immunity,are essential for maintaining organismal homeostasis.MPS cells with phagocytic capability contribute to the prevention of foreign body invasion and the elimination of dead or senescent cells.Furthermore,MPS cells,including macrophages and dendritic cells,serve as vital bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses.Therefore,understanding the nano-bio interactions between 2D nanomaterials and MPS cells is imperative.These nano-bio interactions including cellular uptake,cytocompatibility,and immunological impact are invaluable forthe purposeful design of 2D nanomaterials.Herein,we provide an overview of the latest advancements in understanding the nano-bio interactions between 2D nanomaterials and MPS cells,and discuss the current challenges and future prospects of employing 2D nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine.
基金Supported by A Research Sponsorship from Ganeden Biotech, Ohio,United States
文摘AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted metabolite(MET) fraction.A second fraction was made to generate a crude cell-wall-enriched fraction,by centrifugation and lysis,followed by washing.A preparation of MET was subjected to size exclusion centrifugation,generating three fractions:< 3 kDa,3-30 kDa,and 30-200 kDa and activities were tested in comparison to crude MET and cell wall in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) as a source of antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes.The maturation status of mononuclear phagocytes was evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies towards CD14,CD16,CD80 and CD86 and analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Treatment of PBMC with MET supported maturation of mononuclear phagocytes toward both macrophage and dendritic cell phenotypes.The biological activity unique to the metabolites included a reduction of CD14+ CD16+ pro-inflammatory cells,and this property was associated with the high molecular weight metabolite fraction.Changes were also seen for the dendritic cell maturation markers CD80 and CD86.On CD14dim cells,an increase in both CD80 and CD86 expression was seen,in contrast to a selective increase in CD86 expression on CD14bright cells.The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates effective antigen presentation to T cells and support of T helper cell differentiation.The selective expression of CD86 in the absence of CD80 points to a role in generating T regulatory cells.CONCLUSION:The data show that a primary mechanism of action of GBC30 metabolites involves support of more mature phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells,important for immunological decision-making.
文摘脓毒症(sepsis)在1991年初次被定义为感染所致的机体全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)。2016年脓毒症国际共识更新至Sepsis 3.0,即由感染所致宿主免疫反应失调引起的威胁生命的器官功能障碍。在脓毒症免疫抑制阶段,程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein-1,PD-1)与程序性死亡受体-配体1(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1,PD-L1)相结合能够抑制部分免疫细胞活化增殖从而达到负性调节免疫系统的作用。本综述主要围绕脓毒症中PD-1/PD-L1在T细胞、树突状细胞(DCs)、单核细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞发挥免疫功能中的作用,以及对抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体疗法的应用前景进行阐述。
