土壤盐分、预湿处理对Artemisia monosperma(菊科)种子传播和萌发的影响

Artemisia monosperma是分布于西奈半岛以及以色列地中海沿岸许多活动沙丘及固定沙丘上的建群种植物。在固定沙丘上 ,雨后的蓝细菌结皮上能产生径流水 ,A.monosperma的种子在径流水上漂浮并被传播到低洼处或土壤缝隙中。实验表明 ,有一半的种子在蒸馏水上漂浮 3d,而在各种浓度的盐溶液上则能漂浮更长时间。低浓度的盐溶液对种子的萌发无影响而高浓度的盐分抑制种子的萌发。 NO- 3 可能是影响种子在沙质蓝细菌结皮上萌发的因素 ,低浓度的 NO- 3 促进种子萌发而高浓度则抑制。预湿处理的实验表明 ,在自然生境中 ,暴露在地表或埋在浅表层的种子经受每晚的露水以及小量雨水的反复湿润 ,其萌发力有可能通过强化作用而提高。

Isocoreopsin: An active constituent of n-butanol extract of Butea monosperma flowers against colorectal cancer(CRC)

The herb Butea monosperma constitutes several human health beneficial components, which are mostly studied for their anticancer effects. In this study, the activity of n-butanol fractions of B. monosperma floral extract was examined on inhibiting aberrant crypt foci(ACF) formation in azoxymethane induced Wistar albino rats. The n-butanol extracts(150 mg/kg) decreased the ACF formation(per rat) by 92% and78% in short- and long-term in vivo treatments, respectively. All the compounds in the n-butanol extract were isolated and purified using column and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC).Their structures were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and electrospray–ionisation mass spectrometry(ESI–MS) to determine important flavonoids, namely isocoreopsin, butrin and isobutrin. These compounds were studied for their free radical scavenging and anticancer activities. The compound isocoreopsin showed significantly greater efficacy in cell death on human colon and liver cancer cell lines(50 μg/m L in HT-29 and 100 μg/m L in Hep G2) than butrin(100 μg/m L in HT-29 and 500 μg/m L in Hep G2) and isobutrin(80 μg/m L in HT-29 and 150 μg/m L in Hep G2). These results suggest that isocoreopsin, butrin and isobutrin are the important key compounds for the chemoprevention of colon cancer and isocoreopsin can be considered as a promising novel drug.

Analysis of symbiotic microbial status of Atlantic sand dunes forest and its effects on Acacia gummifera and Retama monosperma(Fabaceae)to be used in reforestation

Atlantic forest natural soil flora was tested on two leguminous pioneer species Acacia gummifera and Retama monosperma to be used in rehabilitation programs of the coastal sand dunes forest of the Essaouira region.The rhizospheric soil of two endemic plant species:R.nonosperma and Juniperus phoenicea was sampled and split into two categories,one from native rhizospheric soil,the other of the sterilized rhizospheric soil.Investigation was focused on mycorrhizal formations,but other forms of beneficial symbiosis such as rhizobia and viable soil microflora were also studied.Growth and nutrition variables assessed included lengths of roots and shoots,number of branches,ratio of root to shoot dry mass and water,nitrogen and phosphorus levels.Results showed important mycorrhizal associations in roots of both plants,presence of nodules and abundance of viable soil microflora.J.phoenicea had a 100%frequency of mycorrhizal formation and an intensity of 80%compared to a frequency of 80%and intensity of 54%for R.monosperma.Nodules had the same density of CFU regardless of the origin.Abundance of viable microflora in rhisospheric soil of R.monosperma,J.phoenicea and the control differed significantly.Among the studied variables for A.gummifera and R.monosperma,nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes significantly wit the use of the nonsterilized rhizospheric soil.Both species doubled their phosphorus uptake when colonized by mycorrhizal species,R.monosperma doubled its nitrogen uptake and A.gummifera increased it by seven times compared with the control.No significant difference was noted for the other variables.

Innovative use of intact seeds of Mucuna monosperma Wight for improved yield of L-DOPA

The drug L-DOPA has been widely used against Parkinson's disease and is extracted from plants.Due to the increasing demand of this drug,new plant sources need to be discovered in addition to the existing sources.The paper embodies results on Mucuna monosperma,which can be a promising candidate for L-DOPA.The seed powder of this plant contains 5.48%of(dry weight)the drug and when the seeds were soaked in distilled water,content was increased to 6.58%.Different elicitors when added,enhanced the drug level in seed up to 11.8%.The possible rationale behind this increase was confirmed by increase in tyrosinase activity in the seeds.Presence of L-DOPA was confirmed using various analytical techniques as HPLC,HPTLC and NMR.The work demonstrates a potential candidate plant as a source for L-DOPA when a novel method was adopted as described here.

凤眼果的生药学研究

凤眼果具有温胃、杀虫等功效,其名称和性状易与苹婆属其他物种混淆,然而其相关研究基础比较薄弱。该研究对凤眼果性状、微性状、种子横切面及粉末显微特征进行观察;利用双向测序获取凤眼果DNA条形码序列ITS2、psb A-trn H、mat K、rbc L,计算Kimura 2-Parameter(K2P)遗传距离,建立邻接系统进化树并进行聚类分析。结果表明:(1)凤眼果性状特征为外被深红色果皮,种子表面红褐色或暗栗色,质硬,内含浅黄色肥厚胚乳2片。(2)微性状特征为外种皮红褐色,极薄,质脆;中种皮黑褐色,较厚,质硬;内种皮浅黄色,质软。(3)显微特征为外种皮石细胞结构和排列方式、中种皮栅状细胞结构、内种皮细胞壁呈连珠状增厚、草酸钙簇晶。(4)基于ITS2序列可将凤眼果与苹婆属其他植物有效区分,mat K序列可将假苹婆与苹婆属其他植物有效区分。该研究获取的凤眼果性状、微性状及显微特征数据,结合ITS2条形码序列可有效鉴别凤眼果,为其资源开发及质量标准制定提供了科学依据。

苹婆种质果实性状多样性分析与综合评价

苹婆又名凤眼果、九层皮等,是药食两用坚果类植物。为有效保护和利用苹婆种质资源,本研究采用多样性分析、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析和逐步回归分析等方法对70份苹婆种质进行遗传多样性分析和综合评价。结果表明:13个性状变异系数介于7.80%~42.94%,单果重、单果种子总重、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和淀粉含量变异程度较大。遗传多样性指数介于1.57~2.04,其中种形指数(2.04)、淀粉含量(2.02)、种子纵径(2.01)、果实种子数(2.00)的多样性指数较高。聚类分析把供试材料划分为4个类群,其中类群Ⅱ的15份资源属于果实偏大、外观品质较好的种质类型,符合市场及选育需求。相关性分析表明,种子重量分别与果实纵径、单果重、单果种子总重、种子纵径、种子横径呈极显著正相关,出种率与果实横径呈极显著负相关,可溶性蛋白含量与可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,前4个主成分能代表13个果实性状的大部分信息,累计贡献率为74.46%。果实性状综合评价得分(F)介于-2.95~3.35,S009、S021、S011、S036、S028等种质位居前列,综合性状优良。逐步回归分析筛选出单果种子总重、种子重量、可溶性糖含量、种子横径4个性状指标,可作为综合评价苹婆果实性状的关键性指标。通过鉴定评价,筛选出果形大、淀粉含量高、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量丰富的优异种质资源6份。

苹婆炭疽病病原菌生物学特性及室内毒力测定

为明确苹婆Sterculia monosperma炭疽病的病原菌暹罗炭疽菌Colletotrichum siamense的生物学特性,筛选有效的杀菌剂,用生长速率法测定了苹婆炭疽病病原菌最适生长温度、pH值、碳源、氮源等生物学特性,并测定了6种杀菌剂对其的室内毒力。研究结果表明,暹罗炭疽菌最适碳源为纤维素粉和乳糖,最适氮源为胰蛋白胨,最适pH值为7.0,最佳生长温度范围为28~30℃,致死温度为55℃,不同光照条件下对其生长影响差异不显著。室内毒力测定结果表明98%溴菌腈、97%嘧霉胺、95%啶酰菌胺、98%嘧菌酯、96.8%苯醚甲环唑和98%福美双对病原菌菌丝生长均有抑制效果,其中96.8%苯醚甲环唑的抑制效果最佳,EC_(50)值为5.24μg/mL。

苹婆种实生长发育过程中其形态及种仁内含物的动态变化

【目的】为苹婆合理施肥及适时采收提供参考依据。【方法】以自选优系‘南亚1号’苹婆为研究对象,自谢花后20 d开始,定期测定苹婆种实大小、种实质量及种仁中淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质、粗脂肪和原果胶的含量等指标,探索苹婆果实形成规律和主要营养物质动态变化规律。【结果】苹婆种实大小和质量变化均呈单“S”形趋势,即缓慢增加、快速增加、缓慢增长。5月12日—6月12日为果实纵、横径快速增长期,其间出现了2个增长高峰;6月2—22日为果实质量快速增长期,仅出现1个增长高峰;6月2日—7月12日为种子质量快速增长期,其间出现了2个增长高峰;淀粉含量呈现先下降后上升趋势,6月22日—7月22日为淀粉快速积累期;可溶性糖含量呈整体逐步上升趋势;蛋白质含量表现出先增加、后逐渐减少、最后快速上升的变化规律;粗脂肪含量在整个果实发育过程中的变化不是很大,变化幅度不超过35%;原果胶含量在发育过程中呈先逐步下降、后快速上升的趋势,6月22日—7月22日为原果胶含量快速增长期。【结论】谢花后30~60 d是决定种实大小和质量的关键时期,也是提高产量的关键时期,此时期需肥量大,施肥应以水溶速效肥为主;谢花后60~100 d为种仁逐渐成熟、种仁内含物累积转化的关键期,也是果实品质提升的关键时期,应在6月上旬补施钾肥;谢花后100 d果实完全成熟,种仁淀粉、可溶性糖、粗脂肪和原果胶的含量达到最高值,7月下旬是采收苹婆果实的最佳时间。

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。

中国山茶科新植物(英文)

本文记载了山茶科山茶属油茶组2新种及1新变种,毛蕊茶组1新种;木荷属1新种,它们分别产于江西、广西及广东。

The effects of prescribed fire on soil nematodes in an arid juniper savanna

Prescribed fire produced a landscape with two types of severely burned patches: charred shrub patches and charred patches with tree trunks at the center. Soil nematodes were more abundant in burned and unburned juniper (Juniperus monosperma) tree patches than in yucca-shrub patches. There were no differences in nematode abundance between burned and unburned patches during the late spring and summer samples. Nematode abundance was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in unburned patches than in burned patches in the early spring samples, reflecting large differences in soil moisture between unburned and burned patches. There were no differences in soil nematode abundance between burned and unburned patches at oneyear post-burn and three-year post-burn sites. When all samples were pooled, taxonomic diversity, ecological indices, and abundance of trophic groups (bacteria-feeders, fungi-feeders, and omnivore-predators) were higher in unburned than burned patches. These results suggest that the long-term (up to three years post-burn) effects of fire on soil nematodes are indirect, i.e., by loss of tree canopies, litter accumulation, and shrub foliage, which affects soil temperatures and water redistribution.

北美樱桃圆柏种子处理对发芽率影响的研究

种子贮藏技术和种子处理技术是林木引种工作中最为关键的技术之一。在北美樱桃圆柏研究中采取了缺氧密封常温保存、缺氧密封冷藏、于沙常温层藏、于沙冷层藏、湿沙冷混藏等5种种子贮藏试验。在翌年早春的室内发芽试验表明：湿沙冷混藏和密封保存措施的发芽率均高于其他措施15～25个百分点；其中，缺氧密封冷藏的发芽率比缺氧密封常温保存的高约8个百分点。因此，北美樱桃圆柏种子以湿沙冷混藏和缺氧密封冷藏贮藏为佳。

Determination of actual evapotranspiration and transpiration in desert sand dunes (Negev Desert) using different approaches

In an arid environment, especially in sandy areas where surface runoff is of no practical importance in the hydrological budget, it is rainfall, dewfall and evapotranspiration that become the most important variables. To assess actual evapotranspiration, several methods （flux-gradient, BREB, eddy correlation） were applied to data from the Nizzana experimental site in the northwestern Negev Desert. Additionally, a model specifically designed for arid environments is introduced in this paper. This zero plane model shows the most reasonable results compared with the other methods, which overestimate evapotranspiration to a large degree. It is shown that plant transpiration is the dominant process in total evapotranspiration while advective processes do not play a major role in the near-ground boundary layer, although the study area is influenced by a sea breeze. Actual transpiration ofArtemisia monosperma was measured in a field experiment to validate the calculated evapotranspiration. The vegetation contributed 41% of the calculated total evapotranspiration in a single month.

北美樱桃核桧引种驯化生长规律及扦插繁殖技术研究

北美樱桃核桧于1987 年引入呼和浩特市树木园,经10a 的引种驯化与3a的无性繁殖试验,证明该树种比当地其他柏类树种更耐旱、耐寒,无病虫害,生长旺盛。经分析北美樱桃核桧生长规律吻合于指数增长方程。10 年生平均树高2 .5 m ,最高达3 .2 m ,针叶呈淡蓝灰绿色,冠形优美,为温带半干旱地区庭院、街道、公园等地绿化的优良新树种。本文着重报道了其生态习性、引种驯化与栽培管理及扦插繁殖技术。

望谟县桑郎河谷南亚热带沟谷季雨林苹婆群落研究

以贵州省望谟县桑郎河沟谷季雨林的苹婆群落为研究对象,分析了群落的物种组成、外貌、结构、属的区系特征。结果表明,苹婆群落中共有39科57属63种植物;外貌主要由草质、单叶、中型叶和全缘叶为主的常绿高位芽植物景观所决定,结构分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物层,种子植物中热带分布的属占92.59%,有沟谷季雨林景观的明显特征,属于半常绿沟谷季雨林。