Deposition pressure effect on the surface roughness scaling of microcrystalline silicon films

The scaling behaviour of surface roughness evolution of microcrystalline silicon （/zc-Si：H） films prepared by very- high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition （VHF-PECVD） has been investigated by using a spectroscopic eHipsometry （SE） technique. The growth exponent β was analysed for the films deposited under different pressures Pg. The results suggest that films deposited at Pg = 70 Pa have a growth exponent β about 0.22, which corresponds to the definite diffusion growth. However, abnormal scaling behaviour occurs in the films deposited at Pg = 300 Pa. The exponent β is about 0.81 that is much larger than 0.5 of zero diffusion limit in the scaling theory. The growth mode ofμc-Si：H deposited at Pg = 300 Pa is clearly different from that of μc-Si：H at Pg = 70 Pa. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the sticking process and the surface diffusion of the radicals are two key factors to affect the growth mode under different pressures. Under Pg = 300 Pa, β〉 0.5 is correlated with the strong shadowing effect resulting from the larger sticking coefficient.

GIS COMPONENT BASED 3D LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: 3DSLOPEGIS

In this paper, based on a new Geographic Information System (GIS) grid-based three-dimensional (3D) deterministic model and taken the slope unit as the study object, the landslide hazard is mapped by the index of the 3D safety factor. Compared with the one-dimensional (1D) model of infinite slope, which is now widely used for deterministic model based landslide hazard assessment in GIS, the GIS grid-based 3D model is more acceptable and is more adaptable for three-dimensional landslide. Assuming the initial slip as the lower part of an ellipsoid, the 3D critical slip surface in the 3D slope stability analysis is obtained by means of a minimization of the 3D safety factor using the Monte Carlo random simulation. Using a hydraulic model tool for the watershed analysis in GIS, an automatic process has been developed for identifying the slope unit from digital elevation model (DEM) data. Compared with the grid-based landslide hazard mapping method, the slope unit possesses clear topographical meaning, so its results are more credible. All the calculations are implemented by a computational program, 3DSlopeGIS, in which a GIS component is used for fulfilling the GIS spatial analysis function, and all the data for the 3D slope safety factor calculation are in the form of GIS data (the vector and the grid layers). Because of all these merits of the GIS-based 3D landslide hazard mapping method, the complex algorithms and iteration procedures of the 3D problem can also be perfectly implemented.

Reliability Assessment of Microgrid Using Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation

Sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is introduced to the reliability assessment of microgrid,and a Weibull distribution wind speed model is built to simulate the hourly wind speed of a specific site.Wind turbine generator model combined with a two-state reliability model is applied to Monte Carlo simulation method,and results show that the wind turbine reliability model works well with sequential Monte Carlo simulation.A two-state reliability model of micro gas turbine and a load model from IEEE reliability test system （IEEE RTS） are also introduced to the reliability evaluation of microgrid.Case studies show that Monte Carlo simulation method is flexible and efficient dealing with microgrid consisting of renewable resources with fluctuation characteristics.

NPV risk simulation of an open pit gold mine project under the O'Hara cost model by using Gas

This paper analyzes an open pit gold mine project based on the O'Hara cost model. Hypothetical data is proposed based on different authors that have studied open pit gold projects, and variations are proposed according to the probability distributions associated to key variables affecting the NPV, like production level, ore grade, price of ore, and others, so as to see what if, in a gold open pit mine project of 3000 metric tons per day of ore. Two case scenarios were analyzed to simulate the NPV, one where there is low certainty data available, and the other where the information available is of high certainty. Results based on genetic algorithm metaheuristic simulations, which combine basically Montecarlo simulations provided by the Palisade Risk software, the O'Hara cost model, net smelter return and financial analysis tools offered by Excel are reported, in order to determine to which variables of the project is more sensitive the NPV.

Asymmetric simple exclusion processes with complex lattice geometries:A review of models and phenomena

We summarize the findings of a large number of studies concerning the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process （TASEP） with complex lattice geometries. The TASEP has been recognized as a paradigm in modeling and analyzing non-equilibrium traffic systems. The paper surveys both the observed physical phenomena and several popular mean- field approaches used to analyze the extended TASEP models. Several interesting physical phenomena, such as phase separation, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the finite-size effect, have been identified and explained. The future investigations of the extended TASEP with complex lattice geometries are also introduced. This paper may help to obtain a better understanding of non-equilibrium systems.

A High-Quality Preconditioning Technique for Multi-Length-Scale Symmetric Positive Definite Linear Systems

We study preconditioning techniques used in conjunction with the conjugate gradient method for solving multi-length-scale symmetric positive definite linear systems originating from the quantum Monte Carlo simulation of electron interaction of correlated materials. Existing preconditioning techniques are not designed to be adaptive to varying numerical properties of the multi-length-scale systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid incomplete Cholesky （HIC） preconditioner and demonstrate its adaptivity to the multi-length-scale systems. In addition, we propose an extension of the compressed sparse column with row access （CSCR） sparse matrix storage format to efficiently accommodate the data access pattem to compute the HIC preconditioner. We show that for moderately correlated materials, the HIC preconditioner achieves the optimal linear scaling of the simulation. The development of a linear-scaling preconditioner for strongly correlated materials remains an open topic.