Synthesis of ethyl acetate by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over a heteropolyacid on montmorillonite K10

In present work,liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over dodecatungestophosphoric acid （DTPA） supported on K10 montmorillonite was systematically studied and optimization of process parameters was carried out.The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 was found to be the optimum catalyst with 90% acetic acid conversion and 100% ethyl acetate selectivity.The study was also explored to see the feasibility of 20% m/m DTPA/K10 as a catalyst for the alkylation of acetic acid with other alcohols like methanol,iso-propanol and n-butanol.The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 has shown increased activity with the increase in carbon number,at the same alcohol reflux.The results are novel.

Catalysis and deactivation of montmorillonite K10 in the aryl O-glycosylation of glycosyl trichloroacetoimidates

The catalysis of montmorillonite K10(MK10)for aryl O-glycosylation of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates was investigated.It was found that the catalyst MK10 is deactivated gradually in the recycle glycosylation.The fresh and the deactivated catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and N_(2)adsorption-desorption.The results show that the eliminated trichloroacetamide molecule deposits on the MK10,which blocks and poisons the active sites,resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst.The regeneration of the deactivated MK10 by calcination was studied preliminarily.

Fluoride Excess Removal from Brackish Drinking Water in Senegal by Using KSF and K10 Montmorillonite Clays

Fluoride excess in drinking water is noticed in many countries around the world and particularly in Senegal where, in addition to fluoride excess, high levels of salinity are also encountered. In order to reduce fluoride excess in drinking water in the groundnut basin of Senegal, two types of clays namely montmorillonite KSF and montmorillonite K10 as well were used as adsorbent materials. The results show that the pH which was initially alkaline becomes acidic varying from 2.80 to 6.80. The pseudo first-order kinetic model fit well with the adsorption experiments for KSF montmorillonite (r2 = 0.96), while for K10 clay the same model describe the experiments with slight differences (r2 = 0.90). The KSF clay has a better fluoride adsorption capacity compared to that obtained with K10 clay due to the presence of a great level of calcium oxide in the montmorilonite KSF clay.

Highly Functional Polyol Synthesis from Epoxidized Tall Oil Fatty Acids

In this work, free tall oil fatty acids were epoxidized with in-situ generated peroxyacetic acid. Reaction kineticsof epoxidation was investigated by oxirane content and iodine value titrimetric determination, as well as FTIRspectra analysis. A highly functional biobased polyol was synthesized by functionalizing epoxidized tall oilfatty acids with triethanolamine using Montmorillonite K10 as a catalyst. The obtained polyol was analyzed byFTIR and MALDI-TOF MS. The most common chemical and physical characteristics of obtained polyol weredetermined.

The Synthesis of Gallic Esters of Higher Fatty Alcoholsunder Solvent-Free Conditions Using Microwave Irradiation

The reactions of gallic acid with higher fatty alcohols are acceterated by microwaves under solvent-free conditions in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid to afford a high yield synthesis of higher fatty alcohol gallates. Montmorillonite K 10 are less efficient.