Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of ...Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.展开更多
This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and...This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers.展开更多
目的探讨强迫性障碍患者厌恶加工的性别差异。方法采用帕多瓦量表（Paduain—ventory—Washington State University revision，PI-WSUR）、耶鲁布朗强迫量表（Yale—Browno bsessive-com-pulsive scale，Y-BOCS）和词汇判断任务对74例...目的探讨强迫性障碍患者厌恶加工的性别差异。方法采用帕多瓦量表（Paduain—ventory—Washington State University revision，PI-WSUR）、耶鲁布朗强迫量表（Yale—Browno bsessive-com-pulsive scale，Y-BOCS）和词汇判断任务对74例强迫性障碍患者（男39例，女35例）和65例健康对照者（男35例，女30例）评估其强迫症状及严重程度，并记录包括核心厌恶词、道德厌恶词和中性词的正确率、反应时以及厌恶评级，分析强迫性障碍患者组以及对照组厌恶加工的性别差异。结果强迫性障碍组男性与女性在核心厌恶词[（753．6±84．1）ms，（711．8±83．8）ms]、道德厌恶词[（813．5±89．0）ms，（749．4±81．4）ms]以及中性同[（775．3±91．8）ms，（725．9±104．2）ms]的反应时差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），正确率及厌恶评级上均差异无统计学意义。对照组仅在中性词反应时比较中男性比女性长[（712．7±95．7）ms，（658．8±64．0）ms]，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析显示男性与女性均具有核心厌恶词反应时与PI—WSUR总分的负相关（P〈0．05），OCD患者PI—WSUR、Y—BOCS与厌恶加工的相关变量存在性别差异。结论强迫性障碍患者厌恶加工存在性别差异，强迫性障碍患者女性的核心厌恶和道德厌恶均高于男性，女性强迫性障碍患者具有特殊的高道德厌恶感。展开更多
文摘Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.
文摘This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers.
文摘目的探讨强迫性障碍患者厌恶加工的性别差异。方法采用帕多瓦量表（Paduain—ventory—Washington State University revision，PI-WSUR）、耶鲁布朗强迫量表（Yale—Browno bsessive-com-pulsive scale，Y-BOCS）和词汇判断任务对74例强迫性障碍患者（男39例，女35例）和65例健康对照者（男35例，女30例）评估其强迫症状及严重程度，并记录包括核心厌恶词、道德厌恶词和中性词的正确率、反应时以及厌恶评级，分析强迫性障碍患者组以及对照组厌恶加工的性别差异。结果强迫性障碍组男性与女性在核心厌恶词[（753．6±84．1）ms，（711．8±83．8）ms]、道德厌恶词[（813．5±89．0）ms，（749．4±81．4）ms]以及中性同[（775．3±91．8）ms，（725．9±104．2）ms]的反应时差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），正确率及厌恶评级上均差异无统计学意义。对照组仅在中性词反应时比较中男性比女性长[（712．7±95．7）ms，（658．8±64．0）ms]，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析显示男性与女性均具有核心厌恶词反应时与PI—WSUR总分的负相关（P〈0．05），OCD患者PI—WSUR、Y—BOCS与厌恶加工的相关变量存在性别差异。结论强迫性障碍患者厌恶加工存在性别差异，强迫性障碍患者女性的核心厌恶和道德厌恶均高于男性，女性强迫性障碍患者具有特殊的高道德厌恶感。
