Assessment of Some Secondary Metabolites, Minerals and Alcohol Content of Noni Juice Obtained by Fermentation of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit from Senegal

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.

Cornus officinalis with high pressure wine steaming enhanced anti-hepatic fibrosis: Possible through SIRT3-AMPK axis

Cornus officinalis,a medicinal and edible plant known for its liver-nourishing properties,has shown promise in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),crucial indicators of hepatic fibrosis,especially when processed by high pressure wine steaming(HPWS).Herein,this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of cornus officinalis,both in its raw and HPWS forms,on inflammation and apoptosis in liver fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.In vivo liver fibrosis models were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4,while in vitro HSCs were exposed to transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b).These findings demonstrated that cornus officinalis with HPWS conspicuously ameliorated histopathological injury,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors,and decreased collagen deposition in CCl4-induced rats compared to its raw form.Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)combined with network analysis,we identified that the pharmacological effects of the changed components of cornus officinalis before and after HPWS,primarily centered on the adenosine phosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Of note,cornus officinalis activated AMPK and sirtuin 3(SIRT3),promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs through the caspase cascade by regulating caspase3,caspase6 and caspase9.small interfering RNA(siRNA)experiments showed that cornus officinalis could regulate AMPK activity and its mediated-apoptosis through SIRT3.In conclusion,cornus officinalis exhibited the ability to reduce inflammation and apoptosis,with the SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway identified as a potential mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of cornus officinalis with HPWS on anti-liver fibrosis.

Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

Screening for Anti-tumor Activity of Fractions from Buddleja officinalis Maxim

[Objectives]The anti-tumor activity of fractions from Buddleja officinalis Maxim.by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water solvent was studied.[Methods]The ethanol extract from B.officinalis Maxim.was extracted and then concentrated with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water,respectively,and the extracts were obtained.The inhibitory effects of the four different fractions on the growth of three tumor cell lines in vitro were detected by CCK-8 method,and the median inhibitory concentration(IC 50 value)was calculated.[Results]The four fractions inhibited the growth of the three tumor cell lines in vitro,among which the n-butanol fraction had the best anti-tumor activity.The IC 50 values of the n-butanol fraction on human gastric cancer(SGC-7901),human breast cancer(MCF-7)and human liver cancer(BEL-7404)cell lines were 0.08,1.58 and 0.12 mg/mL,respectively.[Conclusions]Petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water fractions from the ethanol extract of B.officinalis Maxim.had certain anti-tumor effects,and the n-butanol fraction had the best anti-tumor activity.

Exploring the mechanism of action of herb pair Pinellia Ternata-Magnolia Officinalis in the treatment of liver cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Explore the anti-tumor mechanism of herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis(BX-HP)in liver cancer through network pharmacology using molecular docking methods.Method:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of the herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis were obtained from the HERB database.The relevant targets for liver cancer were obtained from GeneCards,DisGeNET,TTD,and Drugbank databases.Obtain common targets between herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis and liver cancer through the Bioinformatics platform,establish a PPI network diagram using STRING software,and perform GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the DAVID platform.AutoDockTools 1.5.7 software and molecular dynamics simulation analysis are used to evaluate the binding of components to target proteins.HERB database,SwissTargetPrediction database,SwissADME database,UniProt database,GeneCards database,TTD database,DRUGBANK database,DisGeNET database,String,DAVID.Bioinformatics platform,PDB database,PubChem and TCMSP database.Result:A total of 22 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Magnolia officinalis were screened,26 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Pinellia ternata,ten vital active ingredients,corresponding to 979 and 803 targets with a Probability>0.1 targets,2536 liver cancer-related targets,and 279 targets in the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis.The GO functional enrichment analysis resulted in 1297 entries,namely 971 biological process entries,118 cell localization entries,and 208 molecular function entries.Three signaling pathways were annotated through the KEGG pathway.Based on molecular docking,ten vital active ingredients and five target proteins were validated to exhibit an excellent binding affinity.The above data indicates that combining the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis may treat liver cancer through specific targets and signaling pathways.Conclusion:Herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis has a synergistic effect on treating liver cancer through multicomponent,multitarget,and multi-pathway approaches.This study provides a sufficient theoretical basis for subsequent research.

Mechanistic action of the acute toxicity of Bajitian(Morinda officinalis)in zebrafish embryos

Objectives:To investigate acute toxicity of Bajitian(Morinda officinalis)in zebrafish embryos.Methods:Zebrafish embryos at 48-h post fertilization(hpf)were exposed to Bajitian ethanol extract for72 h.The causative action of a delay in yolk sac absorption by Bajitian was investigated by RT-PCR analysis of lipid metabolism-related microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP),apolipoprotein CII(ApoC2)and lipogenesis-related liver x receptor(LXR)genes.The effect of Bajitian eliciting an inflammatory response was studied by exposing 72 hpf myeloperoxidase(MPO):GFP transgenic zebrafish embryos to Bajitian extract for 4 h.Assessment was done by TUNEL,caspase-3/7,and RT-PCR analysis of the apoptosis related pathway B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein(Bax),Nuclear factor kappa-lightchain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-k B)genes,neutrophil development-related stem cell leukaemia(SCL)and transcription factor PU.1 genes,to reveal the causative action of Bajitian reducing neutrophils.Results:RT-PCR analysis found that Bajitian extract had no effect on the expression of MTP or ApoC2 genes,but upregulated LXR gene,which might explain the delay in yolk sac absorption.Analysis of the inflammatory response showed that compared with negative controls,Bajitian extract significantly(P<.05)reduced the number of neutrophils in MPO:GFP embryos.TUNEL,caspase-3/7,and RT-PCR analysis of Bax and NF-k B genes found that Bajitian extract did not trigger the cell apoptosis.Further RT-PCR analysis found that Bajitian extract did not affect SCL expression,but did lead to down-regulation of PU.1.The inhibition of neutrophil development/differentiation may explain the decline in the total number of neutrophils following Bajitian treatment,which could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects found clinically for this drug.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that Bajitian caused a delay in yolk sac absorption and a decrease neutrophil in zebrafish embryos,which may be related to the inhibition of neutrophil development.

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定巴戟天中氨基酸含量及营养价值评价

建立柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定巴戟天中氨基酸含量,采用氨基酸比值系数法评价其营养价值。采用盐酸水解法制得巴戟天氨基酸供试品溶液,以异硫氰酸苯酯和三乙胺为柱前衍生化试剂,采用高效液相色谱法,使用Ultimate Amino Acid色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)以0.1 mol/L无水乙酸钠-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,检测波长为254 nm,测定氨基酸含量;通过氨基酸比值、氨基酸比值系数、氨基酸比值系数分等评价其营养价值,并采用系统聚类和主成分分析对其进行分类分析。结果表明,15种氨基酸线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.9996。16份巴戟天氨基酸总含量为17.87~102.15 mg/g,均检测到15种氨基酸,其中包含6种必需氨基酸,占总氨基酸含量的14.15%~32.06%;8种药用氨基酸,占总氨基酸含量的45.20%~56.31%。限制氨基酸为苏氨酸和亮氨酸,氨基酸比值系数分为33.87~61.31。不同巴戟天样品氨基酸组成相关性显著;主成分分析提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为97.085%,可将16批巴戟天分为三类。该实验测定方法简单有效,可同时分离测定15种氨基酸,精密度与重复性良好,有较高的药用价值,可为巴戟天的品质分析和资源开发利用提供参考。

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Magnolia officinalis against Phytophthora nicotianae

Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced.At present,the control of P.nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and health issues.We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG)and Magnolia officinalis(MO).On mycelial growth,sporangium formation,and zoospore release of P.nicotianae.Both extracts inhibited the growth of P.nicotianae,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92%and 93.92%,respectively,at 40 mg/mL,and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL,respectively.The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation,the reduction of zoospore number,and the destruction of the mycelium structure.At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL,the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66%and 99.39%,respectively.At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL,the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited.The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage.Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling,whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae.Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.

药食同源中药铁皮石斛的研究进展

铁皮石斛Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis是具有益胃生津,滋阴清热之效的药食同源中药。有丰富的化学成分以及药理活性,具有抗炎、抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血压、调节血糖等作用。常作为药膳以及保健品使用,在药品上也应用广泛,如石斛夜光丸、复方鲜石斛颗粒等,具有很高的药用价值和经济价值。通过对铁皮石斛的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性、药食两用产品开发等多个方面进行概述,对其应用现状进行分析,为铁皮石斛的可持续发展、药食同源开发和综合利用奠定理论基础。

HPLC fingerprint of Nauclea officinalis stems in different harvesting period

Objective:To establish HPLC fingerprint of Nauclea officinalis stems in different harvesting periods,and analyze the effect of harvest time on the quality of the medicinal materials by combining with chemical pattern recognition.Methods:The analysis was performed on Sun Fire-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid solution(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Results:The HPLC fingerprint of Nauclea officinalis stems was established and 12 common peaks were determined,and 3 chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with the mixed references.There were some differences in the quality of Nauclea officinalis in different harvesting periods.The OPLS-DA analysis successfully predicted four main markers of quality difference.Conclusion:The established HPLC fingerprint could reflect the composition characteristics of Nauclea officinalis stems in different harvesting period,and the main markers that influence the composition difference of the stems could be used as key indicators for the quality control.

Network pharmacology and preliminary cell screening studies on the anti-liver cancer activity of Nauclea Officinalis

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Nauclea Officinalis of anti-liver cancer effect based on network pharmacology,and to preliminarily verify anti-liver cancer activity of Nauclea Officinalis through cell screening.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to screen for common targets of Nauclea Officinalis and liver cancer,protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed,and enrichment analysis and mechanism prediction were conductd.Molecular docking of main active ingredients of Nauclea Officinalis with core targets was made.Preliminary verification was performed by in vitro cell experiments such as CCK8,cell apoptosis,and PCR.Results:After the screening,14 active ingredients of Nauclea Officinalis were obtained,with 587 related targets.After mapping with liver cancer targets,there were 288 common targets,mainly including TP53,SRC,STAT3,and other core targets.Among them,compounds such as strictosamide,pumiloside and vincosamide may be potential active ingredients of Nauclea Officinalis of anti-liver cancer effect.They may participate in protein phosphorylation and negative regulation of the apoptosis process by mediating cancer pathways,PI3K/Akt and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance signaling pathways to play an anti-liver cancer role;molecular docking results showd that active ingredients of Nauclea Officinalis had a stable binding with liver cancer core targets;in vitro cell experiments showd that main ingredient strictosamide of Nauclea Officinalis had cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells,inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation(P<0.001),down-regulated gene expression of liver cancer HepG2 cells SRC,STAT3,MAPK3(P<0.05),and induced liver cancer cell apoptosis(P<0.001).Conclusion:This study preliminarily explores the potential mechanism of active ingredients of Nauclea Officinalis against liver cancer and its preliminary pharmacological effects,providing a theoretical basis for the study of Nauclea Officinalis of anti-liver cancer mechanism.

山茱萸多糖提取工艺优化及结构表征

目的:优化微波辅助双水相提取(microwave assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, MATPE)山茱萸多糖工艺并获得均一的山茱萸多糖馏分。方法:通过正交试验获得最佳的MATPE山茱萸多糖的工艺;利用DEAE-52纤维素和Sephadex G-100柱层析法纯化山茱萸多糖粗提物,最终获得单一多糖馏分(COP-2-S)。利用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定COP-2-S分子量;利用气相色谱测定COP-2-S的单糖组成;采用紫外、红外和扫描电镜表征COP-2-S结构。结果:MATPE山茱萸多糖的工艺为微波功率300 W、乙醇体积分数35%、硫酸铵质量分数22%和料液比1∶20 (g/mL),此时山茱萸多糖得率为(12.04±0.17)%。COP-2-S分子量为17 450 Da,单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,其摩尔比为12.85∶30.71∶18.09。结论:COP-2-S在260,280 nm处无特征吸收,且呈无规则的片状结构。

近五年地榆的药理作用机制研究进展

传统中药地榆具有凉血止血、解毒敛疮的功效。现代研究对地榆的止血凝血作用、抗氧化作用、抗过敏作用、抗炎作用、抗菌作用、抗肿瘤作用、肾保护作用、升高白细胞作用等药理机制进行了广泛研究,机制明确。其中止血凝血作用机制是通过作用凝血酶及促进巨核细胞分化和血小板生成;抗氧化作用机制是上调抗氧化酶表达和清除氧自由基;抗过敏作用机制是抑制β-己糖氨酶和白介素-4的产生、释放或促进血红素加氧酶-1表达及激活;抗炎作用机制与巨噬细胞极化、聚集和迁移、脂质代谢、改善肠道菌群失调、信号传导与转录激活因子1及细胞外调节蛋白激酶激活、自噬、核因子κB/含pyrin结构域NOD样受体家族3、Toll样受体4/核因子κB、磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/核因子κB/信号转导与转录激活因子3信号通路等相关;抗菌作用机制破坏细菌细胞壁、细胞膜结构和内部微观结构、干扰细菌总蛋白的合成、降低细胞膜流动性及改变代谢通路等相关基因表达,或抑制青霉素结合蛋白2a表达和mecA基因表达;抗肿瘤作用机制与血管内皮生长因子/磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/雷帕霉素靶蛋白、表皮生长因子受体/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶表皮生长因子受体/磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/核因子κB、缺氧诱导因子1、丝裂原化蛋白激酶、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、肾素—血管紧张素/丝裂原活化的细胞外信号调节激酶/细胞外调节蛋白激酶、Wnt、自噬等信号通路及脂质磷酸酶活性相关;肾保护作用机制是抗氧化、抗炎、抗脂质过氧化、抑制肾小管上皮细胞的增殖;升高白细胞作用机制与自噬、造血系统相关通路和相关基因、造血生长因子等表达、糖代谢、氨基酸和核苷酸代谢的途径相关。在临床上用于消化道出血等出血症、过敏性紫癜及急性湿疹、烧烫伤、痤疮及压疮、急慢性肾小球肾炎等,且地榆制剂地榆升白片常用于白细胞减少症,临床效果明确,表明应用现代科学技术促进了传统中药地榆临床应用。本文对地榆的药理作用机制研究进行综述,为地榆的研究及临床应用提供参考。

基于UPLC法测定建昌帮姜制厚朴主成分含量变化差异

目的比较厚朴不同炮制品主成分含量差异,为优选厚朴优质饮片提供科学依据。方法用UPLCCLASS-H色谱(SyncronisC185μm,150 mm×4.6 mm)。以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 ml/min,柱温40℃,检测波长290 nm,并对厚朴不同炮制品中木兰花碱、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚等主成分含量比较分析。结果炮制厚朴与其他不同炮制品相比,其所含木兰花碱、厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量从高到低分别为生品厚朴、姜制厚朴、姜煮厚朴。结论不同炮制方法会影响厚朴主成分的含量,此研究采用的成分分析方法稳定可靠,简单易行,可为深入研究厚朴奠定基础。

海巴戟果实多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性研究

【目的】明确海巴戟果实多糖的抗肿瘤活性,为深入研究海巴戟果实多糖生物活性及其开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测海巴戟果实粗多糖和纯化多糖对人正常结肠上皮细胞的毒性,并鉴定多糖对人结肠癌细胞SW620和HCT-116、宫颈癌细胞Hela、肝癌细胞QGY-7703增殖生长的影响,通过统计癌细胞的凋亡和坏死频率评估纯化多糖的体外抗肿瘤效果。【结果】海巴戟果实多糖无毒,较低浓度(62.5~125μg/mL)的粗多糖或较高浓度(125~2000μg/mL)的纯化多糖对人正常结肠上皮细胞增殖有促进作用。海巴戟果实多糖对宫颈癌细胞Hela的抑制作用较强,粗多糖和纯化多糖均在125~2000μg/mL浓度范围内显著抑制宫颈癌细胞Hela的增殖生长(P<0.05,下同),粗多糖和纯化多糖对宫颈癌细胞Hela的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为542.80和1546.00μg/mL。海巴戟果实多糖对结肠癌细胞HCT-116的增殖生长也有较强抑制作用,但对肝癌细胞QGY-7703的增殖无明显抑制作用。海巴戟果实粗多糖浓度为1000μg/mL时对结肠癌细胞HCT-116和宫颈癌细胞Hela的抑制作用最强,细胞增殖率分别为78.11%和81.85%;纯化多糖浓度为2000μg/mL时对结肠癌细胞HCT-116和宫颈癌细胞Hela的抑制作用最强,细胞增殖率分别为57.05%和68.64%;纯化多糖对癌细胞生长的抑制能力整体上高于粗多糖。纯化多糖对结肠癌细胞HCT-116和宫颈癌细胞Hela的凋亡及坏死频率均有显著影响,且2种癌细胞的坏死频率均随纯化多糖浓度的增加而升高,于2000μg/mL浓度时达峰值,坏死频率分别为2.83%和6.75%。【结论】海巴戟果实多糖具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,纯化多糖比粗多糖的抗肿瘤活性更强。

不同产地巴戟天HPLC指纹图谱及化学模式识别研究

目的:利用HPLC指纹图谱及化学模式识别对巴戟天药材进行评价。方法:采用Shodex Asahipak NH2P-504E色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,使用蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)。利用相似度评价、聚类分析和主成分分析等化学模式识别方法,对不同产地的巴戟天药材进行分析。结果:所建立的HPLC指纹图谱共识别了18个共有峰,经与对照品图谱比较,鉴定其中的4个共有峰分别为果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖和耐斯糖。6个产地巴戟天的相似度在0.861~0.995;经聚类分析和主成分分析,6个产地巴戟天共聚为3类。结论:本研究采用的巴戟天HPLC指纹图谱及化学模式识别技术可反映出不同产地的巴戟天样品的差异,可为巴戟天的质量控制提供参考。

近红外光谱结合化学计量学快速测定阿里红饮片中齿孔酸含量

传统的阿里红中齿孔酸含量测定采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),但该方法前处理复杂,操作繁琐。为了实现对中药阿里红饮片中齿孔酸含量的快速无损监测,尝试建立基于近红外光谱(NIR)的偏最小二乘(PLS)回归模型。用来预测阿里红中齿孔酸的含量,采用传统的HPLC方法对阿里红中的齿孔酸含量进行测定,其结果作为指标值。采集近红外数据后使用五种光谱变换方法对光谱数据进行预处理,即多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变化(SNV)、Savitzky-Golay平滑(7点)、一阶导数变换(FD)和二阶导数变换(SD)。通过竞争自适应重加权法(CARS)进行波长选择并对PLS模型进行优化,大大减少了光谱变量的数量,并显著提高了PLS模型的性能,尤其是SNV-CARS-PLS模型,仅占总光谱波长的5.53%,预测集的R2值为0.9823,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)值为0.1037%,残差预测偏差(RPD)值为5.34。通过t检验表明:该最优模型与传统HPLC法在预测阿里红中齿孔酸含量上没有显著差异。研究结果表明:近红外光谱结合竞争性自适应重加权算法对波长筛选后建立偏最小二乘回归模型对阿里红饮片中齿孔酸含量的无损检测可行。

胆木和三丁酸甘油酯对文昌鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料中添加胆木和三丁酸甘油酯对文昌鸡生长性能、免疫功能及肠道菌群结构的影响,试验选取1日龄健康状况良好,体重相近的海南文昌鸡240只,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮;胆木组(NOP组)在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg胆木提取物;三丁酸甘油酯组(TBG组)在基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯;联合治疗组(NAT组)在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的胆木提取物和600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯,试验期28 d。试验结果表明:(1)与CON组相比,TBG组文昌鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)分别增加了5.53%和13.39%(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)降低了7.27%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,NOP组文昌鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾脏指数分别提高了24.11%、11.29%和30.87%(P<0.05),血清Ig G增加了15.3%(P<0.05)。(3)与CON组相比,NAT组文昌鸡的ADFI和ADG分别提高了7.18%和16.74%(P<0.05),胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾脏指数分别提高了34.52%、22.59%和22.17%(P<0.05),血清IgA和lgG含量分别提高了8.20%和22.75%(P<0.05)。(4)肠道多样性分析结果显示,与CON组相比,NAT组瘤胃球菌属、欧陆森氏菌属、经黏液真杆菌属、粪杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,脱硫弧菌属相对丰度显著降低。综上所述,在文昌鸡日粮中添加1000 mg/kg的胆木提取物和600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯,可提高文昌鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,改善肠道微生物菌群。

不同产地及树龄厚朴“发汗”过程中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量变化

目的探讨厚朴“发汗”过程中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量变化趋势。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定彭州20年树龄及雅安20年、40年树龄厚朴“发汗”过程中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量。色谱柱为Wondasil C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(80∶20,V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为294 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的质量浓度分别在0.0061~0.1940 mg/mL、0.0018~0.0560 mg/mL范围内与各自峰面积线性关系良好(r≥0.9998,n=6);检测限分别为0.00097,0.00224 mg/mL,定量限分别为0.01210,0.00350 mg/mL;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%;平均回收率分别为98.79%,99.29%,RSD分别为1.71%,1.20%(n=6)。彭州和雅安20年树龄厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量在“发汗”第7天达峰值,分别为3.48%,3.83%;雅安40年树龄厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量在第5天达峰值,为12.14%。结论所建立的方法快速高效、准确度高、专属性强,可用于厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量测定。树龄是厚朴“发汗”过程中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量变化的主要影响因素。

配方施肥对高肥力区凹叶厚朴生长及药用成分的影响

[目的]为明晰高肥力区凹叶厚朴树体生长及树皮药用成分含量对氮、磷、钾配方施肥的响应,获得氮、磷、钾肥优化的施肥量。[方法]以凹叶厚朴5年生树为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾“3414”施肥设计进行田间施肥试验,测定不同处理的树高和地径增长量及药用成分厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚的含量,拟合建立树高增长量的肥料效应模型,采用频次分析方法获得优化施肥量。[结果]凹叶厚朴氮、磷、钾配方施肥处理的树高增长量、地径增长量、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚、总酚的含量的平均值比不施肥处理分别提高了84.56%、48.74%、3.40%、3.10%、3.21%。氮、磷、钾对树高和地径生长量的影响均是N>P>K,对树皮厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚含量的影响均是K>N>P。氮、磷、钾对树高增长量的单因素效应为正,氮与磷、氮与钾、磷与钾的交互效应也都是正。[结论]高肥力区凹叶厚朴树高最大增长量的施肥量为氮肥128.63克/株、磷肥79.84克/株、钾肥54.63克/株,树高最大增长量为129.91 cm;最优施肥量为氮肥98.12~123.31克/株、磷肥60.23~74.78克/株、钾肥41.62~51.24克/株,预期树高平均增长量121.22 cm。