Effect of Moringa oleifera on semen quality profiles in endangered Teressa goat under tropical humid island ecosystem

Objective:To investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on semen quality parameters in Teressa goat buck.Methods:A total of 25 semen samples from six bucks were selected for the study.Spermatozoa of 150×10^(6) were incubated in 0,300,500 and 700μg of leaf extract as groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively.Liquid stored semen samples were analysed for motility,viability,total sperm abnormalities,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,seminal plasma intracellular enzymes[aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)]and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and spermatozoa malondialdehyde(MDA)and cholesterol efflux in comparison with the control group(groupⅠ)for up to 72 h.Results:Moringa oleifera leaf extract(500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)-treated semen had significantly higher motility,viability,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,and TAC(P<0.05),and had significantly lower total sperm abnormalities,AST,ALT,LDH,MDA production and cholesterol efflux compared to those in other Moringa oleifera leaf extract treated(300 or 700μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)and control groups at different hours of liquid storage(P<0.05).Semen quality parameters and TAC showed an increasing trend and total sperm abnormalities,MDA production,leakage of intra-cellular enzymes and cholesterol efflux showed a decreasing trend from group Ⅰto group Ⅲand then an opposite trend from group Ⅲ to group Ⅳ at different hours of liquid storage.Conclusions:Moringa oleifera leaf extract 500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa can be used for liquid semen preservation in Teressa goat at Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract on Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

In recent years, there has been an increase in concern regarding the effects of paracetamol poisoning on liver tissues, particularly when consumed in large amounts. Some studies have estimated that paracetamol is involved in 56% of acute liver diseases, whereas 0.4% of paracetamol overdose cases result in fatal-ity. In this study, the effects of Moringa oleifera on paracetamol toxicity in the liver were explored. It has been demonstrated that Moringa oleifera is highly nu-tritious, contains bioactive molecules, and is therapeutically beneficial. Many studies have shown that Moringa oleifera leaves possess a wide range of biologi-cal properties, including antioxidant, tissue protection, analgesic, antihyperten-sive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study highlights the protective role of Moringa oleifera on handling possible paracetamol hepatotoxicity in male rats. .

Prevelance of Bovine Cysticercosis in Egypt and the Cysticidal Effect of Two Extracts Obtained from Balanites aegyptiaca and Moringa oleifera on Mice Model Affected with T. saginata Cysticerci

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in both cattle and buffloas, in Egypt and to assess the cysticidal efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (B. aegyptiaca) and Moringa oleifera seeds (M. oleifera) extracts in experimentally infected mice. The study detected the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) to monitor the immune and inflammatory responses of experimentally infected mice. Through meat inspection, a total number of 2125 male bovine, 2 to 5 years old, (1125 cattle and 1000 buffloes) were examined under the authority of Albsatine and Alwaraq official abattoirs in Cairo Governorate, Egypt covering the period extended from March 2022 to April 2023. The overall prevalence of the disease among bovine was 7.8% (6.31% of cattle and 9.5% of buffloes). Besides, B. aegyptiaca and M. oleifera extracts showed cysticidal activity in experimentally infected mice. A decrease in the numbers of cysticerci was found in all treated mice groups, and up to 88% reduction was achieved in the B. aegyptiaca-treated group;higher than that was recorded in both M. oleifera (72.23%) and albendazole-treated ones (80.56%). Postmortem findings proved that M. oleifera and B. aegyptiaca reduced cysticerci numbers comparable to a commercial anthelmintic. The study showed a significant decrease (P 0.001) in TNF-α levels after treatment with Balanites and Moringa extracts, compared with the untreated control and the albendazole-treated groups.

Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any remarkable advantage(s) on the physicochemical properties of M. oleifera seed oil and protein compared to SE technique.

Purification of Moringa oleifera Leaves Protease by Three-Phase Partitioning and Investigation of Its Potential Antibacterial Activity

One of plant-based products for dental care is plant-based proteolytic enzymes which are principally proteases. In order not to damage the protein and bioactive content, an efficient method should be employed for their purifications. As such, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify protease from moringa (Moringa oleifera). TPP is an emerging, promising, non-chromatographic and economical technology which is simple, quick, efficient and often one-step process for the separation and purification of bioactive molecules from natural sources. It involves the addition of salt (ammonium sulphate) to the crude extract followed by the addition of an organic solvent (butanol). The protein appears as an interfacial precipitate between upper organic solvent and lower aqueous phases. The various conditions such as ammonium sulphate, ratio of crude extract to t-butanol and pH which are required for attaining efficient purification of the protease fractions were optimized. Under optimized conditions, it was seen that, 35% of ammonium sulphate saturation with 1:0.75 ratio of crude extract to t-butanol at pH 7 gave 4.94-fold purification with 96.20% activity yield of protease in the middle phase of the TPP system. The purified enzyme from Moringa oleifera has no antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria tested. However, this purified enzyme, can be considered as a promising agent, cheap, and safe source which is suitable for using in various industries.

Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Effectively Treats Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowledge, there were no scientific data available that have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of haemolytic anemia. This was what justifies this research work in which the phytochemical analysis, extraction and evaluation of the anti-anemic effect were carried out. Methods: Five groups of five Wistar rats each were formed. All the rats were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the first two days D0 and D1 except those in the negative control group. From the second day, the anemic groups were force-fed either with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight/day, or with vitafer, the reference drug against anemia. The positive control group (anemia) was not treated. Blood samples were taken from all the rats on different days: D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to evaluate the data of the hemogram and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, saponosides, triterpenes and mucilages. A good yield was obtained at the extraction. Both the extract and the reference drug vitafer completely corrected anemia within two weeks after stimulating hemoglobin synthesis and early release of immature red blood cells into the bloodstream. Its effect seemed dose-dependent and specific. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves showed good therapeutic efficacy and can be considered and exploited for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) in the treatment of anemia.

辣木叶的营养价值及其在家禽生产中的应用

辣木叶含有多种生物物质,其中含许多具有潜在药用功效的黄酮类、多酚类、苯丙素类、萜类、生物碱类、异硫氰酸酯类、有机酸等化合物,其具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血压、降血脂等功效。辣木叶中还含有丰富的蛋白质和家禽所需的11种必需氨基酸,矿物元素和维生素也非常丰富,尤其是钙、铁、硒、维生素E、泛酸等。辣木叶作为家禽优良的饲料原料之一,替代部分蛋白质饲料,具有改善家禽生产性能,促进肠道健康、肉品质以及胫骨强度,以及改善蛋品质等作用。文章就辣木叶中的生物活性物质、营养成分以及在家禽生产中的应用进行综述,以期为辣木资源的饲料化和开发利用提供科学依据。

辣木与高丹草混合青贮效果的研究

辣木(Moringa oleifera)富含蛋白质、维生素、矿物元素和不饱和脂肪酸,高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanese)含糖量高且生物产量大,两者均为营养丰富饲料资源。本研究将辣木叶(Y)、辣木枝(Z)与辣木枝叶(ZY)分别以6个比例(0、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)与高丹草(G)混贮,青贮40 d后检测青贮饲草的感官品质(气味、色泽、质地)、发酵品质(有机酸含量)和营养成分[粗蛋白(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、碳水化合物(WSC)],探究不同辣木组织(Y、Z、ZY)和高丹草适宜的混合青贮比例。结果显示,高丹草单贮感官评定总分最高,辣木叶与高丹草混贮平均分次之,辣木枝叶混贮感官评分等级最低;80%辣木叶与20%高丹草混贮显著降低了CF和NDF含量,40%辣木枝与60%高丹草混贮显著降低了CF含量并提高了NFE含量,60%辣木枝叶与40%高丹草混贮显著降低了CF含量并提高了EE含量。综上所述,辣木叶、枝、枝叶与高丹草最佳混贮比例分别为80%、40%和60%,辣木叶与高丹草以80%和20%混贮时效果最佳,本研究为有效利用辣木与高丹草资源从而促进云南生态畜牧业的可持续发展提供了依据。

天然植物种子制备水处理材料探索型实验设计

针对当前染料废水体量大、严重威胁人类健康和生态环境安全的现状,设计了以天然辣木籽为基体,制备过程绿色低碳且兼具吸附-降解双功能的复合材料,用于废水中染料的处理。实验应用于本科生探索型化学实验课程,通过文献调研、方案设计、实验操作、结果分析等一系列的实践环节,全面培养了学生的动手能力和科研素养,有助于培养兼具扎实知识基础和社会责任感的创新型人才。

辣木叶水提物对大鼠肝纤维化的改善作用及机制

研究辣木叶(Moringa oleifera Lam,LM)水提物对大鼠肝纤维化(Hepatic Fibrosis,HF)的改善作用和机制。60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、秋水仙碱组(100 mg/kg),以及LM高、中、低剂量组(200、100、50 mg/kg),除空白组外,其余组大鼠通过腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺(Thiacetamide,TAA)建立HF模型,自第5周开始灌胃给药。给药结束后检测大鼠体重、肝脏指数、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、HF指标(血清Ⅲ型前胶原(procollagenⅢ,PCⅢ)、IV型胶原(IVcollagenIV-C)、层黏蛋白(laminin,LN)、透明质酸(hyaluronidase,HA)、肝脏羟脯胺酸(HYP)、Masson染色观察肝脏纤维组织病变、氧化应激指标(肝脏活性氧(reactiveoxygen,ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD),实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印记检测肝脏转运生长因子β1(transforming growth factor beta1,TGF-β1)/Smads通路基因表达。结果表明,与空白组比较,HF模型组大鼠体重极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏指数显著增加,血清ALT、AST、PCⅢ、IV-C、LN、HA和肝脏HYP浓度极显著增加(P<0.01);肝脏组织胶原纤维沉积显著增加,HF病变严重;肝脏ROS和MDA含量极显著增加(P<0.01),SOD活力极显著降低(P<0.01),表明模型组大鼠肝脏处于氧化应激和纤维化病变状态,肝脏功能受损。与模型组比较,LM各剂量组大鼠血清ALT、AST、PCⅢ、IV-C、LN、HA和肝脏HYP浓度不同程度的降低,肝脏组织胶原纤维沉积显著减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),肝脏ROS和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),SOD活力显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),表明LM能够降低肝脏氧化应激水平,改善大鼠HF,保护肝脏功能。对TGF-β1/Smads通路基因表达检测发现,模型组TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3和α-SMA基因mRNA和蛋白表达较空白组显著增加;相较于模型组,LM高、中剂量组大鼠肝脏TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)基因表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),LM低剂量组大鼠肝脏Smad3和α-SMA基因表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),表明LM可下调HF大鼠肝脏TGF-β1/Smads通路基因表达。LM可能通过下调ROS-TGF-β1/Smads通路,改善TAA诱导的大鼠肝纤维化。

辣木MoGAD基因克隆及表达分析

【目的】鉴定辣木中MoGAD基因,并对其进行克隆、生物信息学分析和表达水平分析,为探究辣木MoGAD基因的功能与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)生物合成的关系奠定基础。【方法】以拟南芥(NP_197235.1)和葡萄(XP_002285268.1)GAD蛋白序列为参考,通过本地BLAST方法,利用TBtools软件在辣木转录组数据中挖掘MoGAD家族基因,采用PCR技术对其进行克隆,并通过生物信息学在线分析网站和分子对接技术分析MoGAD蛋白的理化性质和催化活性位点,采用实时荧光定量RT-qPCR技术分析MoGAD基因在不同组织中的表达水平。【结果】在转录组数据中挖掘到4个MoGAD基因并成功对其进行克隆,测序的CDS区长度分别为:1494、1212、1470和942 bp;MoGAD1、MoGAD3和MoGAD4蛋白不存在跨膜结构域,属于膜外蛋白。其中MoGAD2蛋白序列在第5~27和60~82氨基酸位置存在跨膜结构,此段序列编码蛋白为分泌蛋白;系统发育分析显示MoGAD1基因家族所在分支基因Motif数量最多;分子对接表明4个MoGAD蛋白存在磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)和L-谷氨酸结合位点,且每个蛋白有多个氨基酸残基与PLP,L-谷氨酸形成氢键;荧光定量分析显示MoGAD1和MoGAD2基因在嫩叶、成熟叶和花中的表达量显著高于MoGAD3和MoGAD4基因,但这些基因在茎中表达量较低,推测MoGAD酶主要参与辣木叶部位GABA的生物合成。【结论】本研究成功克隆了辣木的MoGAD基因,并分析其编码蛋白的理化性质及与底物结合的功能活性位点,为进一步研究MoGAD基因的功能提供了理论依据。

两种凝乳酶加工的非发酵型干酪品质特性比较分析

利用辣木籽凝乳酶加工非发酵型干酪,以商用小牛皱胃酶为对照,分别通过感官、营养成分、质构特性、色差、游离氨基酸和游离脂肪酸等指标进行比较分析。结果表明,两者所加工干酪在感官、色差ΔE值和水分含量上无显著差异(P>0.05),但辣木籽凝乳酶加工干酪蛋白质含量更高、脂肪含量更低(P<0.05);辣木籽凝乳酶加工干酪质构较软且回复力更好(P<0.05);辣木籽凝乳酶加工干酪在游离氨基酸和游离脂肪酸总含量上要低于小牛皱胃酶加工干酪(P<0.05),其中牛磺酸是辣木籽凝乳酶加工干酪中的特有成分,且主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)显示4种氨基酸(谷氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸)和5种脂肪酸(油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、银杏酸、肉豆蔻酸)是区分2种干酪的标志性风味物质。该研究为辣木籽凝乳酶在干酪加工中的应用提供了重要参考。

辣木籽粗多糖的分级提取及抗氧化活性

为了更好地开发与利用辣木籽,以辣木籽为原料,研究了不同体积分数乙醇(20%、40%、60%、80%)分级醇沉得到的辣木籽粗多糖(P_(20)、P_(40)、P_(60)、P_(80))的单糖组成差异以及抗氧化活性,并采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对纯化后的辣木籽多糖结构进行表征。结果表明:4种辣木籽粗多糖的主要成分均为鼠李糖(Rha)、半乳糖(Gal)和葡萄糖(Glc),其中粗多糖P_(80)中单糖总含量最高(84.09μg/mg);在4种辣木籽粗多糖中,P_(20)(1 mg/mL)对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率均最高,分别为50.24%、34.54%,P40(1 mg/mL)对羟自由基清除率最高,为76.92%,P_(80)的总还原力最强;通过UV-Vis和FT-IR表征可知,不同体积分数乙醇能够对辣木籽粗多糖进行分级醇沉。综上,采用不同体积分数乙醇进行醇沉的辣木籽粗多糖有不同的抗氧化活性,需要根据具体应用有针对性地提取。

辣木籽醒酒肽的酶解制备工艺优化

旨在促进辣木籽醒酒肽的开发利用,以辣木籽蛋白粉为原料,蛋白水解度和辣木籽醒酒肽的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)激活率为考察指标,采用单因素实验和响应面法优化辣木籽醒酒肽的制备工艺。结果表明,辣木籽醒酒肽制备的最佳酶解工艺条件为料液比1∶20、碱性蛋白酶添加量5.0%、酶解pH9.0、酶解温度63℃、酶解时间142min,在此条件下辣木籽蛋白水解度为12.23%,辣木籽醒酒肽的ADH激活率为22.16%。综上,以辣木籽为原料制备醒酒肽具有良好的发展前景。

辣木叶多糖结构及其降血糖功效研究

以辣木叶多糖(MOP)为研究对象,通过H2O2-维生素C法制备4种低相对分子质量的辣木叶多糖(MOP-1、MOP-2、MOP-3和MOP-4),研究其降血糖能力,并从多糖结构上分析其活性差异原因。结果表明:MOP-4对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有最强的抑制能力,而MOP对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果最差。对MOP和MOP-4进行结构表征,发现MOP和MOP-4的官能团和糖苷键种类未发生变化,但糖苷键数量比例发生变化,造成差示扫描量热(DSC)有差异,且影响多糖颗粒大小及表面结构。MOP-4多糖颗粒更为细腻、含有更多的活性Galp-(1,3→糖残基),可作为具有降血糖功效的食品添加剂。

辣木籽蛋白酶解物对小鼠肠道黏膜炎的改善作用

探讨辣木籽蛋白酶解物(Moringa oleifera Seed Protease Hydrolysate,MSPH)对小鼠肠道黏膜炎的改善作用。提取辣木籽蛋白并进行酶解,冷冻干燥得到MSPH;随机将雄性BALB/c小鼠分为空白对照(Con)组、模型(Mod)组和MSPH组(800 mg/kg·BW),每组6只,腹腔注射5-FU诱导小鼠肠道黏膜炎,MSPH灌胃干预。每天记录小鼠体质量;通过HE染色观察肠道组织形态学并计算绒毛高度/隐窝深度;酶联免疫法测定小鼠血清(INF-γ、SIgA、ROS、G-CSF、ET、D-LA)和小肠组织(IL-1β、IL-6、MDA、MPO、TNF-α)含量变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测小肠组织ZO-1和Occludin m RNA表达量。与Mod组相比,MSPH组小鼠在实验后期体质量显著提高(P=0.001 1),脾脏和胸腺指数分别增加16.22%和34.69%,肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度增加25.88%,血清中INF-γ、ROS、G-CSF、ET、D-LA含量分别降低16.85%、17.50%、14.22%、8.28%、9.27%,SIgA含量升高23.07%,小肠组织中IL-1β、IL-6、MDA、MPO、TNF-α含量分别降低9.72%、11.23%、9.74%、7.29%、5.17%,肠道组织ZO-1和Occludin mRNA表达量增加121.64%和29.35%。因此,MSPH可以通过减轻炎症和氧化应激及降低肠道通透性改善5-FU诱导的小鼠肠道黏膜炎。

辣木茶复合泡腾片制备工艺研究

通过单因素试验,探讨辣木茶粉、玫瑰花粉、金银花粉添加量和酸碱比对辣木茶复合泡腾片综合评分的影响,采用正交试验优化辣木茶复合泡腾片配方。结果表明,辣木茶复合泡腾片最优配方为辣木茶粉添加量5%、玫瑰花粉添加量3.5%、金银花粉添加量5%、酸碱比1.0∶1.0。本研究为进一步开发辣木保健茶产品提供了理论支撑。

辣木叶抗糖尿病效果及其作用机制研究进展

辣木作为我国卫生部批准的新资源食品之一,其叶具有重要的食用和药用价值,在防治糖尿病及其并发症方面具有显著效果。该文概述了辣木叶在动物、细胞实验以及临床研究中的显著抗糖尿病效果,并进一步对辣木叶具体活性成分(黄酮类、多糖类和蛋白类等)在改善胰岛素抵抗、保护胰岛细胞、抑制肝脏糖异生、促进肝糖原合成、增强抗氧化作用以及降低血脂和胆固醇等方面的调控效果及其作用机制进行阐述。对已报道相关文献进行整合分析可知,辣木叶抗糖尿病作用可通过改善胰岛功能、调控肠道功能和肝糖代谢3条作用途径实现。其中,辣木叶中所含黄酮类活性成分或是其降糖优势成分,能够显著增加胰岛素分泌量、促进β细胞的增殖和阻止β细胞的调亡作用,抗糖尿病效果显著;同时,辣木叶中所含多糖类或蛋白类活性成分能够通过改善葡萄糖耐受量、增强胰岛素敏感性、促进肝糖原合成、抑制肝糖原分解等方式,最终达到辅助降糖目的。未来需要进一步明确辣木叶中的降糖优势成分及其降糖机制,以期为天然降糖药物的开发和辣木资源的高值化利用提供参考。

辣木籽水提物对5-氟尿嘧啶诱导小鼠空肠黏膜炎的调节作用

【目的】探究辣木籽水提物对5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)诱导引起的小鼠空肠黏膜炎的改善作用。【方法】将50只SPF级雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组(腹腔注射5-FU 130 mg/kg)及辣木籽水提物低、中、高剂量组(分别灌胃辣木籽水提物50、100和200 mg/kg)。第1~14天,每日正常组和模型组灌胃蒸馏水,辣木籽组灌胃不同剂量的辣木籽水提物;第15~16天,每日正常组腹腔注射生理盐水,其余组均腹腔注射5-FU;第17~18天观察;第19天处死小鼠。每日记录小鼠摄食量、饮水量及体质量;采用HE染色并观察小鼠空肠组织形态学变化;采用免疫组化法检测空肠增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达情况;采用Tunel法检测空肠细胞的凋亡情况;采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定空肠组织IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子的含量变化。【结果】与模型组相比,辣木籽水提物高剂量组(200 mg/kg)可显著缓解小鼠体质量下降,极显著提高空肠绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度、增加绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,提高空肠PCNA表达量,降低细胞凋亡程度,抑制IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。【结论】辣木籽水提物可改善5-FU诱导引起的小鼠空肠黏膜炎,且呈剂量依赖性。

响应面法优化辣木叶多酚微波辅助提取工艺

以新鲜辣木叶为原料,分析微波功率、提取温度和微波时间3个因素对辣木叶多酚含量的影响,根据单因素试验结果,利用响应面试验,优化微波辅助提取辣木叶多酚工艺条件。研究表明:对辣木叶多酚含量的影响强度依次为微波时间>微波功率>提取温度,结合工业化应用,最终确定最佳工艺条件为微波功率590 W、微波时间26 min、提取温度41℃。验证试验所得辣木叶多酚含量为(27.11±0.28)mg/g,与预测结果27.05 mg/g基本一致。