Optimization,identification and bioactivity of flavonoids extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves by deep eutectic solvent

Moringa oleifera leaves (MO L) attract extensive attention in agriculture,pharmaceutical and food industry because of its rich biological activity.In this study,ChCl/LA as one of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was selected to extract flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaves (FMO L).The extraction rate of FMO L reached 54.8 mg/g.After separation of FMO L,its biological activities were systematically studied.The IC50 values of FMO L for DPPH radical,ABTS radical scavenging activity,FRAP and ORAC were 27.3 μg/mL,41.2 μg/mL,18.7 mg TE/g and 6008.4 mg TE/g,respectively,indicating FMO L had excellent antioxidant activity.FMO L not only had better antibacterial activity than the positive controls,but also had inhibitory activity to tumor cells.The IC50 values of FMO L on B16 cells,HCT116 cells and Hep G-2 cells were 530.7,328.0,and 533.7 μg/mL,respectively.Nine flavonoid compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS,and four of them were confirmed from MO L for the first time.Therefore,FMO L extracted by ChCl/LA had rich bioactive components and is expected to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Hypoglycemic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its mechanism prediction based on network pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which poses a serious threat to human health.Moringa oleifera Lam.is a medicinal and edible plant with various physiological functions.However,its main hypoglycemic components and mechanisms are still unclear.In this study,network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to analyze the potential bioactive substances of M.oleifera leaf extract(MOLE)and its hypoglycemic mechanism.Studies have shown that MOLE has the effect of increasing glucose consumption in insulin resistant-HepG2 cells.MOLE was found to contain 975 compounds by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS).Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the main active component was robinetin and the identified core genes were AKT1 and GAPDH.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the hypoglycemic effect of MOLE may be closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This study revealed the possible active components and mechanisms of action of M.oleifera for hypoglycemia,laying the theoretical foundation for subsequent studies.

Impact of post harvest treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera lam leaves

Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions.Hence,it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA.To this effect the influence of steam blanching,fermentation/oxidation,oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated.Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology.The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared.Roasting achieved the most significant(p<0.05)improvement in phenolics(43%)and AOA(22–31%),which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds,quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside.Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics(-31%)and AOA.Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.