Morphological Structure and Genetic Mapping of New Leaf-Color Mutant Gene in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Leaf-color mutations are a widely-observed class of mutations, playing an important role in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis and plant chloroplast structure, function, genetics and development. A naturally-occurring leaf-color rice mutant, Baihuaidao 7, was analyzed. Mutant plants typically exhibited a green-white-green leaf-color progression, but this phenotype was only expressed in the presence of a stress signal induced by mechanical scarification such as transplantation. Prior to the appearance of white ~eaves, mutant plant growth, leaf color, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure appeared to be identical to those of the wild type. After the changeover to white leaf color, an examination of the mutated leaves revealed a decrease in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content, a reduction in the number of chloroplast grana lamella and grana, and a gradual degradation of the thylakoid lamellas. At maturity, the mutant plant was etiolated and dwarfed compared with wild-type plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the leaf mutant character is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was performed using an F2 population derived from a Baihuaidao 7 ~ Jiangxi 1587 cross. The mutant gene was mapped to rice chromosome 11, positioned between InDel markers L59.2-7 and L64.8-11, which are separated by approximately 740.5 kb. The mutant gene is believed to be a new leaf-color mutant gene in rice, and is tentatively designated as gwgl.

Analysis of morphological characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology and self-organizing map

A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.

Effects of Co_3O_4 nanocatalyst morphology on CO oxidation:Synthesis process map and catalytic activity

This study focuses on drawing a hydrothermal synthesis process map for Co3O4 nanoparticles with various morphologies and investigating the effects of Co3O4 nanocatalyst morphology on CO oxidation.A series of cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate nanoparticles with various morphologies（i.e.,nanorods,nanosheets,and nanocubes） were successfully synthesized,and Co3O4 nanoparticles were obtained by thermal decomposition of the cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate precursors.The results suggest that the cobalt source is a key factor for controlling the morphology of cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate at relatively low hydrothermal temperatures（≤ 140℃）.Nanorods can be synthesized in CoCl2 solution,while Co（NO3）2 solution promotes the formation of nanosheets.Further increasing the synthesis temperature（higher than 140 ℃） results in the formation of nanocubes in either Co（NO3）2 or CoCl2 solution.The reaction time only affects the size of the obtained nanoparticles.The presence of CTAB could improve the uniformity and dispersion of particles.Co3O4 nanosheets showed much higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation than nanorods and nanocubes because it has more abundant Co^（3＋） on the surface,much higher reducibility,and better oxygen desorption capacity.

Salience adaptive morphological structuring element construction method based on minimum spanning tree

Classical mathematical morphology operations use a fixed size and shape structuring element to process the whole image.Due to the diversity of image content and the complexity of target structure,for processed image,its shape may be changed and part of the information may be lost.Therefore,we propose a method for constructing salience adaptive morphological structuring elements based on minimum spanning tree(MST).First,the gradient image of the input image is calculated,the edge image is obtained by non-maximum suppression(NMS)of the gradient image,and then chamfer distance transformation is performed on the edge image to obtain a salience map(SM).Second,the radius of structuring element is determined by calculating the maximum and minimum values of SM and then the minimum spanning tree is calculated on the SM.Finally,the radius is used to construct a structuring element whose shape and size adaptively change with the local features of the input image.In addition,the basic morphological operators such as erosion,dilation,opening and closing are redefined using the adaptive structuring elements and then compared with the classical morphological operators.The simulation results show that the proposed method can make full use of the local features of the image and has better processing results in image structure preservation and image filtering.

基于MAP和RF的无监督SAR图像变化检测

基于形态学属性断面(MAP)和随机森林(RF)分类器,提出了无监督合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像变化检测方法.首先,利用MAP算法提取差异图像的几何结构特征,构造深入描述图像结构化信息的特征向量空间;然后,在结合阈值法和偏移因子自动选取训练样本的基础上,用RF分类器在多维特征空间中对图像进行变化与否的判别;最后,利用数学形态学方法对虚警进行滤除.实验结果表明,与传统的基于阈值的变化检测方法相比,该方法不仅能很好地检测出变化区域,而且具有更高的检测精度.

MAP洗涤液应用于自体血回收对红细胞形态影响的体外观察

目的探讨MAP洗涤液应用于自体血回收及体外保存对RBC形态的影响。方法选择18名择期施行关节或者脊柱手术的患者,随机分为MAP组和生理盐水组,分别采用MAP液和生理盐水术中自体血回收洗涤,术后将回收的RBC和同患者的血浆混匀,在37.0℃、持续摇摆的状态下保存。分别在保存即刻、保存12 h及24 h检测此血样的RBC形态。结果随着保存时间的延长,2组RBC形态均逐渐变化,但MAP组棘形细胞比例(21.5±13.5)%低于生理盐水组(42.1±16.6)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在模拟体外环境下,随着保存时间的延长,2组RBC形态均逐渐变化,但使用MAP液作为自体血回收洗涤液更有利于维持RBC的形态。

Identification of quantitative trait loci for four morphologic traits under water stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Late season drought coinciding with the rice booting to heading stage affects the development of plant height, panicle exserfion, and flag leaf size, and causes significant yield loss. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between paddy and upland cultivars was used for data collection of the morphologic traits under well water and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was applied at the stage of panicle initiation in the field in 2002 and at the booting stage in PVC pipes in 2003. The data from stress conditions and their ratios （trait measured under stress condition/trait measured under well water condition） or differences （trait measured under stress condition minus trait measured under well water condition） were used for QTL analysis. Totally, 17 and 36 QTLs for these traits were identified in 2002 and 2003, respectively, which explained a range of 2.58%-29.82% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, six QTLs were commonly identified in the two years, suggesting that the drought stress in the two years was different. The genetic basis of these traits will provide useful information for improving rice late season drought resistance, and their application as indirect indices in rice late season drought resistance screening was also discussed.

Comparison of QTLs for rice seedling morphology under different water supply conditions

The variation of seedling characteristics under different water supply conditions is strongly associated with drought resistance in rice （Oryza sativa L.） and a better elucidation of its genetics is helpful for improving rice drought resistance. Ninety-six doubled-haploid （DH） rice lines of an indica and japonica cross were grown in both flooding and upland conditions and QTLs for morphological traits at seedling stage were examined using 208 restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） and 76 microsatellite （SSR） markers. A total of 32 putative QTLs were associated with the four seedling traits： average of three adventitious root lengths （ARL）, shoot height （SH）, shoot biomass （SW）, and root to shoot dry weight ratio （RSR）. Five QTLs detected were the same under control and upland conditions. The ratio between the mean value of the seedling trait under upland and flooding conditions was used for assessing drought tolerance. A total of six QTLs for drought tolerance were detected. Comparative analysis was performed for the QTLs detected in this case and those reported from two other populations with the same upland rice variety Azucena as parent. Several identical QTLs for seedling elongation across the three populations with the positive alleles from the upland rice Azucena were detected, which suggests that the alleles of Azucena might be involved in water stress-accelerated elongation of rice under different genetic backgrounds. Five cell wall-related candidate genes for OsEXPI, OsEXP2, OsEXP4, EXT, and EGase were mapped on the intervals carrying the QTLs for seedling traits.

高分辨扫描电镜和X射线能谱Mapping技术研究碲矿物的成分和形态特征

X射线能谱元素像分析技术(EDS-Mapping)可直接观察岩石光片中目标元素的分布特征。本文采用高分辨扫描电镜及配置的X射线能谱仪综合分析技术,对山东归来庄金矿中碲元素和其他元素的分布特征和组合规律进行研究,定性确定含碲矿物、形态特征及其与其他矿物间的空间关系。结果表明,研究区金矿中含碲矿物有棱角状碲金银矿、碲化铅等,以浸染状形貌他形镶嵌于主矿物他形石英和片状云母之间,颗粒大小从几微米到几百微米极不均匀。对典型含碲矿物的微区成分进一步精确测定,得到碲金银矿和碲化铅的化学式为Ag_(0.85)Au_(2.55)Te_6和Pb_(0.52)Te_(0.48),其中碲金银矿成分明显异常。本文研究为稀散分布微细矿物的成分、形态分布及与围岩关系建立了一套先进实用的表征方法,可为含碲金矿的综合利用提供技术支持。

Quaternary tectonic control on channel morphology over sedimentary low land:A case study in the Ajay-Damodar interfluve of Eastern India

The style of active tectonic on the deformation and characterization of fluvial landscape has been investigated on three typical skrike-slip fault zones of the Ajay-Damodar Interfluve（ADI） in Eastern India through field mapping,structural analysis and examination of digital topography（ASTER-30 m）,multispectral imageries,and Google Earth images,Channel morphology in Quaternary sediment is more deformed than Cenozoic lateritic tract and igneous rock system by the neotectonic activities,The structural and lithological controls on the river system in ADI region are reflected by distinct drainage patterns,abrupt change in flow direction,offset river channels,straight river lines,ponded river channel,marshy lands,sag ponds,palaeo-channels,alluvial fans,meander cutoffs,multi-terrace river valley,incised compressed meander,convexity of channel bed slope and knick points in longitudinal profile,Seven morphotectonic indices have been used to infer the role of neotectonic on the modification of channel morphology,A tectonic index map for the ADI region has been prepared by the integration of used morphotectonic indices,which is also calibrated by Bouguer gravity anomaly data and field investigation.

Molecular Mapping of QTLs for Drought Related Traits at Seedling Stage under PEG Induced Stress Conditions in Rice

Differential response of seedling characteristics under water stress conditions is known to be associated with drought resistance in rice and elucidation of its genetics could be of help in breeding for tolerance to the stress. A recombinant inbred population derived from the cross between a semi-dwarf variety IR64 and landrace INRC10192 was grown in hydroponic culture and phenotyped for varied responses of seedlings to water deficit imposed by poly ethylene glycol (PEG). The ratio between mean value of seedling trait under stress and control conditions was used for assessing drought tolerance. In all 19 putative QTL relating to five seedling traits viz., shoot length, maximum root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root to shoot dry weight ratio under PEG induced stress conditions were identified confirms that the traditional tall landraces as the one chosen for the study posses hitherto unexploited drought tolerant genes and utilization of them as potential donors in breeding for yield enhancement would be rewarding. They might be useful for improving drought resistance of rice by marker assisted selection/breeding.

Geomorphologic and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Populated Rockslide Deposits (Sagarmatha National Park, Khumbu Himal, Nepal)

Surface morphology and internal composition of large rockslide deposits have been frequently studied, but their hydrogeologic conditions and consequences for (drinking) water quality and quantity on such deposits are largely unknown. In this study we provide first information on this critical relationship for two large rockslide deposits in the Khumbu Himal (Nepal), which are at the same time the main settlement areas in the region. In the first step, we investigated the Lukla and the Namche-Khumjung rockslides with respect to their dimensions and internal composition based on orthophotos and digital elevation models, geomorphologic field mapping, and the analysis of rockslide outcrops. Secondly, we studied their hydrogeologic characteristics by means of spring water mapping, sampling and analyses. As a consequence of the fragmented and highly shattered rockslide material, both deposits are characterized by 1) effective infiltration, 2) short residence times of percolating water and 3) by only small amounts of available spring water and surface runoff at all. Human activity on the studied rockslide deposits can therefore be described as an ambivalent relationship: On the one hand, the rockslide deposits provide a gentle topography and the only available areas for extensive settlements and agriculture in the steep upper DudhKosi catchment;On the other hand, their internal composition accounts for water scarcity—a critical issue for the local population demanding for adaptation strategies, especially in the light of the ever—increasing trekking and expedition tourism in the region.

结合SAM大模型和数学形态学的历史地图水系信息提取方法

历史地图记载着丰富的历史地理信息,能够帮助了解历史规律,为当代发展提供借鉴。不同于现代地图、遥感影像等数据,历史地图保存时间久,存在留存数量少、图像精度低等问题,地图符号也与现代有所差异,因此信息难以被高效提取。针对该问题,本文以历史地图《宁夏省境黄河沿岸沟渠水道地形图》为试验数据,提出一种智能化历史地图水系信息提取方法。首先,结合符号句法,运用聚类与数学形态学方法构建数据集;然后,改进通用大模型(SAM)结构并进行迁移学习优化权重;最后,借助改进SAM自动提取历史地图水系信息。将试验结果与其他模型作对比,显示本文方法提取结果边界清晰,轮廓完整,准确率、精度等指标均为最高。同时,将提取结果与该区域水系现状作对比,发现历史上的河流沟渠如今大多改道、偏移或消失,湖泊面积大大减小。本文方法基于SAM通用大模型进行改进,验证了大模型在地图领域的可用性,为地图信息提取提供了思路。

湿CO_(2)环境中316不锈钢腐蚀行为研究

针对CO_(2)管输过程中碳钢因发生腐蚀而导致失效的问题,开展了316不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究。使用失重法研究含水率、CO_(2)分压以及Cl-浓度对316不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响,并绘制了腐蚀特征图谱;采用扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物的微光形貌,X-射线衍射仪分析了腐蚀产物成分。结果表明:316不锈钢在管输CO_(2)工况条件下表现出较好的耐腐蚀性,处于轻度腐蚀状态,腐蚀速率极低;316不锈钢腐蚀速率随含水率的增大而增大,随CO_(2)分压的增大而减小,随Cl-浓度的增加而增大;316不锈钢含有Cr可以在不锈钢表面形成致密的钝化膜,这使得Cr成为不锈钢防腐的关键;由于316不锈钢腐蚀速率远小于碳钢,在腐蚀“重灾区”,可以考虑将集输管道更换成316不锈钢。该研究成果为CCUS中CO_(2)管输钢材的选型提供重要的理论依据。

利用高密度遗传图谱定位两种不同环境的水稻剑叶形态性状QTL差异

水稻剑叶形态性状是构成理想株型的重要因素之一,发掘新的控制剑叶形态性状的基因资源是提高水稻产量的重要途经。本研究利用高密度遗传图谱对在杭州和海南陵水种植的印度粳稻品种M494和中国籼稻品种中9B(Z9B)杂交衍生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体剑叶长、剑叶宽、剑叶面积和剑叶长宽比进行数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位检测。研究共检测到10个QTL,包括1个剑叶长QTL、4个剑叶宽QTL、4个剑叶面积QTL和1个剑叶长宽比QTL,分布于第4、第7、第8、第9和第10号染色体,贡献率介于6.47%~13.28%之间;鉴定到2个多效性QTL区间,其中在第4号染色体Block536~Block544区间检测到同时控制剑叶宽和剑叶面积的QTL,在第10号染色体Block942~Block961区间检测到同时控制剑叶宽和剑叶长宽比的QTL,其贡献率分别为8.82%、13.28%、12.28%和12.60%。两地间QTL差异较大,仅在Block536~Block544区间同时定位到控制剑叶宽及剑叶面积的QTL及在Block942~Block961区间同时定位到控制剑叶宽及剑叶长宽比的QTL。

大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的遗传定位

芒是麦类作物穂部器官的重要组成部分,在提高籽粒产量、促进种子传播和防御虫害等方面具有重要作用。大麦具有丰富的芒型突变体,加之其二倍体的特性,成为麦类作物芒器官形态建成研究的理想作物。本研究报道了一个大麦芒型突变体材料calcaroides,表现为外稃顶端或是稃芒基部异形凸起,形成呈钩状不完全花器结构,属基部钩芒类型。突变体芒较短并伴随抽穗期推迟,株高、穗长和穗粒数显著降低等表型。遗传分析表明,突变体的芒型突变性状受单隐性基因cal-d控制。前期利用cal-d导入系BW106×Bowman的F_(2)群体,结合简化基因组测序(GBS,genotyping by sequencing)分析,将cal-d基因初步定位于3H染色体。进一步利用来自F_(2)的杂合单株,包括13000株单株的F_(2:3)群体进行精细定位,最终将cal-d基因定位于3H染色体153~329 Mb区间的近着丝粒区域。通过转录组混池测序分析结合大麦基因组和表达谱资源数据库,初步筛选了9个候选基因。本研究结果为大麦芒型突变基因cal-d的克隆与功能验证奠定了基础,对于解析麦类作物芒的遗传发育机制具有重要的意义。

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Leaf Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content in Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton

Genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis at the molecular level. A simple sequence repeat （SSR） genetic map containing 590 markers and a BCI population from two cultivated tetraploid cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars, namely TM-1 and Hai 7124 （G. barbadense L.）, were used to map and analyze QTL using the composite interval mapping （CIM） method. Thirty one QTLs, 10 for lobe length, 13 for lobe width, six for lobe angle, and two for leaf chlorophyll content, were detected on 15 chromosomes or linkage groups at logarithm of odds （LOD）≥2.0, of which 15 were found for leaf morphology at LOD≥3.0. The genetic effects of the QTL were estimated. These results are fundamental for marker-assisted selection （MAS） of these traits in tetraploid cotton breeding.

Molecular Tagging and Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Lint Percentage and Morphological Marker Genes in Upland Cotton

Using 219 F2 Individuals developed by crossing the genetic standard line TM-1 and the multiple dominant marker line T586 In Gossyplum hirsutum L., a genetic linkage map with 19 linkage groups was constructed based on simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Compared with our tetraploid backboned molecular genetic map from a （TM-1xHal 7124）xTM-1 BC1 population, 17 of the 19 I｜nkage groups were combined and anchored to 12 chromosomes （sub-genomes）. Of these groups, four morphological marker genes In T586 had been mapped Into the molecular linkage map. Meanwhile, three quantitative trait loci for lint percentage were tagged and mapped separately on the A03 linkage group and chromosome 6.

下颌骨髁突骨折的三维形态学分析

目的通过对下颌骨髁突骨折三维骨折线分布进行三维形态学分析,揭示髁突骨折的分布及走行特点,为颌面外科诊疗及手术方案的制定提供支持。方法选取37例下颌骨髁突骨折行螺旋CT检查的病例影像学资料进行回顾性分析。将患者的螺旋CT影像资料导入Mimics和3-matic软件中对下颌骨骨折体进行分离、建模和模拟复位,并在健康标准的下颌骨模型上临摹骨折线,获得髁突骨折线分布图。结果冠状髁突骨折呈斜行走行,在上内部无明显骨折线,左右侧髁突骨折线无明显区别;水平髁突骨折线以外高内低环绕髁突颈部走行,上内部骨折线明显减少。结论通过髁突骨折分析联合运用3D Mapping技术,得出髁突骨折主要集中在髁突外侧伴随骨折碎块的断裂和脱离髁突情况出现,常需手术螺钉固定治疗,运用3D Mapping技术可进行术前虚拟指导螺钉角度、方向及长度,为提高手术准确性提供方向。

基于煤层挥发分的狐偃山岩体隐伏形态特征研究

为了寻找狐偃山岩体隐伏形态特征,基于侵入岩体侧畔煤层挥发分的空间变化特征,刻画侵入岩体在煤系地层中的隐伏形态特征机理;依据西山煤田狐偃山岩体附近469组煤层挥发分数据及前人研究结果,通过制作研究区内02^(#)、2^(#)、6^(#)、8^(#)、9^(#)煤层挥发分等值线图、垂直挥发分变化方向剖面图,研究了煤层挥发分与侵入岩体距离关系。结果表明:狐偃山侵入岩体侧畔依次出现接触变质带、恒温变质带、耗散变质带及正常煤带,岩体影响带宽度在7 km左右,其中接触变质带的宽度在1 km以内,恒温变质带宽度在4~5 km范围内,耗散变质带宽度在2~4 km范围内;狐偃山侵入体在煤系中的隐伏形态为一大型岩体,其中9^(#)煤层下伏有多个小型岩株,煤层自上而下遭受岩体烘烤影响的程度逐渐增大。