Screening of Long Cowpea[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.ssp.sesquipedialis]Varieties in Autumn in Hunan and Comparison of Various Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.

Screening Methods for Waterlogging Tolerance at Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedling Stage

Waterlogging strongly affects agronomic performance of maize （Zea mays L.）. In order to investigate the suitable selection criteria of waterflooding tolerant genotypes, and identify the most susceptible stage and the best continuous treatment time to waterlogging, 20 common maize inbred lines were subjected to successive artificial waterflooding at seedling stage, and waterlogging tolerance coefficient （WTC） was used to screen waterflooding tolerant genotypes. In addition, peroxidase （POD） activities and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents were measured for 6 of 20 lines. The results showed that the second leaf stage （V2） was the most susceptible stage, and 6 d after waterflooding was the best continuous treatment time. Dry weight （DW） of both shoots and roots of all lines were significantly reduced at 6 d time-point of waterlogging, compared to control. POD activities and MDA contents were negatively and significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.9686 （P 〈 0.0001）. According to the results, WTC of shoot DW can be used for practical screening as a suitable index, which is significantly different from control and waterlogged plants happened 6 d earlier. Furthermore, leaf chlorosis, MDA content and POD activities could also be used as reference index for material screening. The implications of the results for waterlogging-tolerant material screening and waterlogging-tolerant breeding have been discussed in maize.

Mass scale screening of common arboviral infections by an affordable,cost effective RT-PCR method

Objective:To develop a rapid,cost effective RT-PCR method for the mass scale diagnosis of such diseases at the vireraia stage to find out the actual disease burden in that area.Methods:For this purpose,cases with the history of only short febrile illness were considered.Thus 157 samples with the history of dengue/chikungunya like illness and only 58 samples with a history of acute encephalitis syndrome(AES)were selected.Results:Out of 157 samples,42 and 74 were detected as dengue and chikungunya,respectively and out of 58 AES cases only 23 could be detected as Japanese encephalitis by this RT-PCR method.Conclusions:This cost effective RT-PCR method can detect the total positive cases that remain undetected by EL1SA method.Moreover,this method is capable to detect the viral RNA from patients'sera even after the appearance of IgM antibody at one fifth costs as compared with the other commercially available kits.

Screening Method for Transgenic Maize with Kanamycin Resistance

[Objective]The paper was to establish simple and effective method to screen marker gene in maize with kanamycin resistance.[Method]Using inbred line "Chang 7-2" and hybrid "Zhengdan 958" of maize as test materials,their seeds were soaked with different concentrations and volumes of kanamycin for3 and 4 d,respectively,the rate of albino seedlings and average seedling height after sowing for10 d were investigated.[Result]The rate of albino seedlings not only was related to kanamycin concentration,but also had relationship with solution volume during soaking process.The difference between inbred line and hybrid was no significant.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 200 mg/L was used to soak seeds for 3 d,the rate of albino seedlings basically could reach 100%.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 100 mg/L was used to soak 20 seeds for 3 d to carry out resistance screening,the accuracy was up to 84.8% after verifying the screening test of T1 transgenic maize plants.[Conclusion]The method was feasible,which could be used as a simple method for screening transgenic gene maize with kanamycin resistance.

Early Screening of Rice Varieties with High Essential Amino Acids by Aseptic Seedling Method

With 5 rice varieties( Yifeng 3321,Yifeng 3315,Yifeng 3317,Yifeng 45,Yifeng 14-24) as the experimental objects,the aseptic seedling method was used to culture the rice seeds,and the HPLC was used to determine the content of amino acids in aseptic rice seedlings as well as the total content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids and the content of protein. And the content of protein and amino acids in the polished rice of 5 varieties was detected,and the analysis of variance was performed for screening of the varieties containing high essential amino acids. The rice with high essential amino acids could be produced to meet people's rice quality requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences( F = 39. 262,p = 0. 01) in the content of essential amino acids among 5 kinds of rice varieties. By the Duncan's multiple comparison,the differences among rice varieties were calculated to obtain screening results. The aseptic seedlings:Yifeng 3321(7. 268),Yifeng 3315(6. 395),Yifeng 3317(5. 698),Yifeng 45(5. 567),Yifeng 14-24(5. 190). Rice: Yifeng 3321(2.998),Yifeng 14-24(2. 627),Yifeng 3317(2. 611),Yifeng 3315(2. 503),Yifeng 45(2. 281). Based on the estimated human daily requirement of essential amino acids and amino acids requirement pattern,it was found that the polished rice of 5 varieties was up to standard.The variety with the highest content of essential amino acids was Yifeng 3317(3830 mg/100g),followed by Yifeng 3321(3770 mg/100 g).The results showed that the high quality rice variety in this experiment was Yifeng 3321.

Study on a noninvasive method for rapid screening Human Serum albumin injectables by Raman spectroscopy

Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possible to determine HSA injectable products noninvasively.In this study,we developed a noninvasive rapid screening method for of HSA injectable products by using portable Raman spectrometer.Qualitative models were established by using principal component analysis combined with classical least squares(PCA-CLS)algorithm,while quanti-tative model was established by using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm.Model transfer in different instruments of both the same and different apparatus modules was further discussed in this paper.A total of 34 HSA injectable samples collected from markets were used for verification.The identification results showed 100%accuracy and the predicted concentrations of those identified as true HSA were consistent with their labeled concentrations.The quantitative results also indicated that model transfer was excellent in the same apparatus modules of Raman spectrometer at all concentration levels,and still good enough in the different apparatus modules although the relative standard deviation(RSD)value showed a little increasing trend at low HSA concentration level.In conclusion,the method was proved to be feasible and efficient for screening HSA injections,especially on its screening speed and the consideration of glass containers.Moreover,with inspiring results on the model transfer,the method could be used as a universal screening mean to different Raman instruments.

A high-throughput screening method for breeding Aspergillus niger with 12C6+ ion beam-improved cellulase

In this study,a high-throughput screening method was established through the 24-square deep-well microliter plate(MTP) fermentation and micro-plate detection for large-scale screening of the mutants.It was suitable for screening a large number of mutants and improving the breeding efficiency after heavy-ion beam irradiation.Seventeen strains showed higher cellulase activity compared with the initial strain after the screening of plate and MTP fermentation.The filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity of Aspergillus niger H11201 had increased 38.74 and 63.23%separately compared with A.niger H11 by shaking flask fermentation,and it was genetically stable after being passaged to nine generations.The results indicate that the high-throughput screening method can be used for the quick breeding of A.niger with high cellulase activity.

SSR Primer Screening for Marchantia convoluta by SAM Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to study SSR primers in wild Marchantia convoluta by SAM method. [Methods] The M. convoluta genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method,and the SSR primers for M. convoluta were selected through digestion,ligation,suppression PCR,pre-amplification,SAM method and PCR. [Results] The improved CTAB method extracted a high purity of DNA; the SAM PCR method gave clear bands; and 100 positive clones were sequenced,obtaining 86 sequences. [Conclusions] The SSR molecular markers could be used for analyzing the genetic diversity of M. convoluta.

Comparison of North American Seismic Screening Methods Applied to School Buildings

An ongoing project at McGill University is aimed at developing an adapted seismic screening method for schools in the province of Qu6bec, Canada. As part of this project the ＂FEMA 154 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazard＂ and the ＂NRC92 Manual for Screening of Buildings for Seismic Investigation＂ were used to assess 102 school buildings located in the city of Montr6al. Results for both methods are in reasonable agreement, with 65% of the buildings requiring a detailed evaluation according to FEMAI54 and 50% according to NRC92. Findings highlighted the particular characteristics of educational facilities： they are low rise buildings with high incidence of structural irregularities. Accounting for them in the screening phase is essential, and is better achieved by NRC92. However, this method is largely based on expert opinion, which makes it difficult to update, while FEMA154 uses a rational methodology for calculating vulnerability scores based on the capacity spectrum approach. The FEMA154 analytical procedure allows updating and adapting the method to its use outside its intended scope.

Electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)as a Method for Screening Species of Passiflora Using Seed Proteins as Molecular Markers

Brazil is the center of diversity and dispersion of species of the genus Passiflora.Two species of passion fruit Passiflora tenuifila BRS VT(passiflora garlic)and another of Passiflora setacea BRS PC were used in this study.The plants were grown on the Embrapa Cerrados experimental farm.The fruits were washed,minimally cut and their constituents separated.Both species differed in the proportion of wet mass between husk,seed,and pulp.As expected,both species had a higher proportion of husks and seeds and a lower amount of pulp.A semi-purification procedure for the proteins present in the seeds and husks was described and the molecular aspects were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The quantification of soluble proteins was performed using the Bradford method.The analysis of the soluble protein extracted from the seeds and husks showed that these values are up to 70 times higher for the seeds of P.tenuifila and 28.5 times for P.setacea,in the husks.It was verified that both species present a similar protein profile,observed by the intense and diverse bands found in the polyacrylamide gel,mainly in the range of 32 to 19 kDa.This work opens up an unexplored field of tracking bioactive proteins and/or peptides including forms of nanostructure systems that protect other bioactive molecules.The objective of this work was to present an analytical procedure to semi-purify seed proteins of two Passiflora species and use electrophoresis as an analysis tool for further screening of their protein profiles and selection of a molecular marker to differentiate them.

Isolating cDNA clones from rice induced by Magnaporthe grisea using PCR based differential screening method

The differential hybridization technique hasbeen widely used to identify genes that are dif-ferentially expressed.However,this approachhas several drawbacks.First,the screeningprocedures are rather labor-intensive and time-consuming.Second,the amount of phageDNAs transferred onto the two filters may notbe equivalent,which leads to an inaccurate se-lection of a positive clone.Third,isolation ofphage DNA is slow and cumbersome.Here,aPCR based differential screening method that

A Cell Screening Algorithm Integrating Genetic and Numerical Differentiation

The consistency of the cell has a significant impact on battery capacity,endurance,overall performance,safety,and service life extension.However,it is challenging to identify cells with high consistency and no loss of battery energy.This paper presents a cell screening algorithm that integrates genetic and numerical differentiation techniques.Initially,a mathematical model for battery consistency is established,and a multi-step charging strategy is proposed to satisfy the demands of fast charging technology.Subsequently,the genetic algorithm simulates biological evolution to efficiently search for superior cell combinations within a short time while evaluating capacity,voltage consistency,and charge/discharge efficiency.Finally,through experimental validation and comparative analysis with similar algorithms,our proposed method demonstrates notable advantages in terms of both search efficiency and performance.

Integrated identification method of rheological model of sandstone in Sanmenxia bauxite

Based on the uniaxial compression creep experiments conducted on bauxite sandstone obtained from Sanmenxia,typical creep experiment curves were obtained.From the characteristics of strain component of creep curves,the creep strain is composed of instantaneous elastic strain,ε（me）,instantaneous plastic strain,ε（mp）,viscoelastic strain,ε（ce）,and viscoplastic strain,ε（cp）.Based on the characteristics of instantaneous plastic strain,a new element of instantaneous plastic rheology was introduced,instantaneous plastic modulus was defined,and the modified Burgers model was established.Then identification of direct screening method in this model was completed.According to the mechanical properties of rheological elements,one- and three-dimensional creep equations in different stress levels were obtained.One-dimensional model parameters were identified by the method of least squares,and in the process of computation,Gauss-Newton iteration method was applied.Finally,by fitting the experimental curves,the correctness of direct method model was verified,then the examination of posterior exclusive method of the model was accomplished.The results showed that in the improved Burgers models,the rheological characteristics of sandstone are embodied properly,microscopic analysis of creep curves is also achieved,and the correctness of comprehensive identification method of rheological model is verified.

Activity Determination of 8 Chinese Herbs against Hepatoma Cell SMMC-7721 in Vitro by MTT Method

[Objective] The aim was to build up a set of efficient and rapid models for laboratory to screen anti-hepatocellular carcinoma active substance in vitro. [ Method] By using MTT method, the activities of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 in vitro from Cymbopogon distans, Lobelia chinensis, Buddleja offlcinalis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Bupleurum chinense, Apium graveolen and Curuma zedoaria were tested. The growth curve of hepatoma cell was described, and the growth status in different periods were observed by inverted microscope. [ Result] Cells induced by active substance would be condensing, clear brim, which have significant differences from normal SMMC- 7721 cells. The results suggested that ESCG, ESCC, ESCB could inhibit proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells at the concentration of 1.0 -1.5 mg/ml, and the inhibition rate were 51.6%, 48.5%, 52.9% respectively. With the increasing of concentration, the inhibition strengthened. [ Conclusion] MTT method could be used as a basic model for screening important anti-hepatoma.

Modeling screening efficiency with vibrational parameters based on DEM 3D simulation

The efficiency of particle screening was studied over a range of vibrational parameters including amplitude, frequency and vibrational direction. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to simulate the screening process. A functional relationship between efficiency and the parameters, both singly and combined, is established. The function is a complicated exponential. Optimal amplitude and frequency values are smaller for particles near the mesh and larger for other particles. The optimum vibration angle is 45° for nearly all kinds of particles. A transverse velocity, V⊥, was defined and V⊥=0.2 m/s was identified to be the most efficient operating point by both simulation and experimental observation. Comparison of these results with those reported by others is included.

Screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis through X-ray and ultrasound based techniques

Effective prevention and management of osteoporosis would require suitable methods for population screenings and early diagnosis. Current clinicallyavailable diagnostic methods are mainly based on the use of either X-rays or ultrasound(US). All X-ray based methods provide a measure of bone mineral density(BMD), but it has been demonstrated that other structural aspects of the bone are important in determining fracture risk, such as mechanical features and elastic properties, which cannot be assessed using densitometric techniques. Among the most commonly used techniques, dual X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) is considered the current 'gold standard' for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk prediction. Unfortunately, as other X-ray based techniques, DXA has specific limitations(e.g., use of ionizing radiation, large size of the equipment, high costs, limited availability) that hinder its application for population screenings and primary care diagnosis. This has resulted in an increasing interest in developing reliable pre-screening tools for osteoporosis such as quantitative ultrasound(QUS) scanners, which do not involve ionizing radiation exposure and represent a cheaper solution exploiting portable and widely available devices. Furthermore, the usefulness of QUS techniques in fracture risk prediction has been proven and, with the last developments, they are also becoming a more and more reliable approach for assessing bone quality. However, the US assessment of osteoporosis is currently used only as a pre-screening tool, requiring a subsequent diagnosis confirmation by means of a DXA evaluation. Here we illustrate the state of art in the early diagnosis of this 'silent disease' and show up recent advances for its prevention and improved management through early diagnosis.

Application of the DEM to screening process:a 3D simulation

The discrete element method(DEM) has been widely used to simulate microscopic interactions between particles.Screening is a deeply complicated process when considering the law of motion for the particles,themselves.In this paper,a numerical model for the study of a particle screening process using the DEM is presented.Special attention was paid to the modeling of a vibrating screen that allows particles to pass through,or to rebound,when approaching the screen surface.Inferences concerning screen length and vibrating frequency as they relate to screening efficiency were studied.The conclusions were:three-dimensional simulation of screening efficiency along the screen length follows an exponential distribution;when the sieve vibrates over a certain frequency range the screening efficiency is stable;and,higher vibration frequencies can improve the handling capacity of the screening machine.

Accurate machine learning models based on small dataset of energetic materials through spatial matrix featurization methods

A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller database.In this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic molecules.Their mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,respectively.By leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except cubanes.Our ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical structures.With further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science.