Asymptomatic Genital Infection of Human Papillomavirus in Pregnant Women and the Vertical Transmission Route

To further investigate the vertical transmission route of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the indication for the choice of mode of delivery, the infective status of 152 asymptomatic pregnant wemen and the maternal-fetal transmission were studied. By using general primers in polymerase chain reaction (GP-PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, HPV DNA positive rate in cervical secretions and venous blood in asymptomatic pregnant women was 36.21 % and 52.78 %, respectively, and the identified genotypes were mainly HPV_16 and _18. The maternal-fetal transmission rate of HPV via genital tract as well as blood was 40.91 % and 57.89 %, respectively. It was concluded that besides the transmission route of genital tract and amniotic fluid, there was also transplacental transmission of HPV in utero. Therefore,in our opinion, it is not an absolut indication to perform a cesarean delivery for the pregnant women with HPV asymtomatic genital infection.

Baseline survey of pregnant women's knowledge of treatment to prevent mother- to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a resource limited setting

Despite continuing advances in scientific knowledge about treatments to prevent mother-to-child(MTCT)of the human immune deficiency virus(HIV),there is a paucity of data on pregnant women’s knowledge of treatments to prevent MTCT of HIV in Aba,South Eastern Nigeria.We investigated pregnant women’s knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent MTCT of HIV in the low resourced setting of Aba town in South Eastern Nigeria.A descriptive study involving 100 consecutive and consenting patients at the antenatal clinic of Abia State University Teaching Hospital(ABSUTH),Aba,South Eastern Nigeria over the period 1st November, 2007 to 30th November,2007.Using a structured questionnaire,the respondents’sociodemographic data were obtained as well as their knowledge of the availability of treatments to prevent mother to child HIV transmission in pregnant women and self-reported data on their having ever tested for HIV.Knowledge regarding availability of treatment to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV was good as 95%of the respondents were aware that such treatment was available.Knowledge that treatment is available to help someone infected by HIV to live longer was also good as 96% of the respondents were aware of the availability of such treatment.Seventy one percent of the respondents had ever tested for HIV.The levels of knowledge regarding the availability of treatment to prevent mother to child HIV transmission and to help someone infected with HIV are good.Thus, utilization of anti-retroviral prophylaxis amongst HIV infected pregnant women in this community would be expected to be high if the drugs were available.This will reduce the impact of HIV,especially in children.

Awareness about transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child: A cross-sectional study among pregnant women

Objective:To study the knowledge,attitude,and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.Methods:This observational cross-sectional knowledge,attitude,and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester,attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021.All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire for desired information.Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.Results:Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3%were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3%knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets.Of pregnant women,95.7%perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8%of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out.Of pregnant women,79.0%were hesitant to get vaccinated.The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus(77.5%)and was not very safe in pregnancy(75.0%).Conclusions:Of the pregnant women,22.92%have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19,35.63%have negative attitude and 19.93%have poor practices,indicating that there are still gaps in awareness,and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated.Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.

Risk Factors and Prevalence of Mother to New-Born Transmission of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Two Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

Background: In African countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is the highest, the spread of Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the community, potentially contributing to neonatal mortality, is a public health concern. The transmission routes are not well defined, particularly the possible key role played by pregnant women. The aim of this study was to understand the neonatal acquisition of CPE in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: A transversal analytical study was conducted in an urban area. Maternal stool samples during delivery and the first stool from their new-born were collected and cultured to isolate Enterobacteria. After isolation, characterization using API20E identification system, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology. Carbapenemases detection was done on each carbapenem-resistant strain using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and their classification using the synergy tests with different inhibitors. Results: Out of the 55 CPE isolates identified, Escherichia coli was the most encountered bacteria both in mothers (n = 18, 50.00%) and infants (n = 11, 57.89%). Class B and D carbapenemases were found both in mothers and infants. The estimated prevalence of vertical transmission in our study, was 10% (n = 12). Logistic regression showed that CPE carriage in mothers and CPE acquisition in their new-borns were independently associated with the presence of greenish amniotic fluid (OR = 7.33, p 0.0001 in mothers and OR = 4.09, p = 0.0086 in new-borns). Conclusion: Our results highlight the non-negligeable role played by pregnant women in the neonatal acquisition of CPE.

Hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus transmission routes: Differences and similarities

Bouare et al found that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Malian women is mainly transmitted through medical procedures with contaminated supplies, and that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is predominantly sexual. The results of this study confirm those of a recent case-control study in New York and Oregon which demonstrated that healthcare exposures represent an important source of new HCV infections in United States. HCV seroprevalence was only 0.2% in pregnant, young Malian women, indicating that hygiene improved in healthcare facilities over time. Heterosexual transmission of HCV is exceptional, and can occur, from males to females, in extremely rare occasions in case of vaginal mucosal damage or less rarely through anal intercourse. The Malian study did not show an association between HIV infection and hospitalization, transfusion, tattoo, dental care. Transmission by needle-stick injury occurs in 0.9%-2.2% of exposures from HCV-infected subjects and in 0.1%-0.3% of exposures from HIV-infected in- dividuals. HCV is therefore more transmissible through percutaneous exposure.

Pregnant women's knowledge of perinatal HIV infection in a resource limited setting

The purpose of the study was to assess pregnant women s knowledge of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.A descriptive study involving 100 consecutive and consenting patients at the antenatal clinic of Abia State University Teaching Hospital(ABSUTH),Aba,South Eastern Nigeria,over the period 1st November, 2007 to 15th January,2008 was done.Using a structured questionnaire,the respondents’sociodemographic data were recorded as well as their knowledge of perinatal HTV infection.Although 85%of the pregnant women were aware of perinatal HTV transmission,only 69%knew that if a baby tested positive to HIV at delivery,it meant that the mother is infected with HIV.Fifty one percent of the pregnant women wrongly thought that all babies bom to mothers with HIV also get infected whilst 83%knew that HTV can be transmitted through breast feeding.The pregnant women demonstrated an incomplete knowledge of perinatal HTV transmission. The findings of this study underscore the continued need for intensified health education about prevention of perinatal HTV infection in our community in order to reduce the impact of HIV,especially in

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with SARS-COV-2 Infection

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 in Wuhan Children's Hospital and further suggested a possible management strategy for infected pregnant women under epidemic situation.In this study,8 pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 who were admitted into Wuhan Children's Hospital,China from February 1,2020 to March 30,2020 and the clinical features,laboratory data,maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.The mean age of the women at the time of admission was 30.6 years.The mean gestational age of the women was 37 weeks±4 days,and one woman presented with dichorionic diamniotic(DCDA)twin pregnancy.Except for one woman who was febrile,others had no typical clinical symptoms.For all pregnant women,the count of white blood cells and lymphocytes appeared normal,but 6 had a lower percentage of lymphocytes.C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were normal for all the women.One neonate was tested positive for the coronavirus IgG and IgM antibodies.The clinical symptoms of the pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 were mild,and the laboratory data showed similar characteristics to those of non-infected pregnant women.Since one neonate was tested positive for coronavirus,there is a possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Prompt and efficient screening,triage,and isolation of pregnant women are ffective management strategies to reduce nosocomial infection during the SARS-COV-2 epidemic.

Research Progress of Related Laboratory Testing Indexes before and after Mother-Infant Blocking in HIV/AIDS Pregnant Women

More than 90% of HIV-positive children come from mother-to-child transmission, so mother-to-child interdiction is the main measure to prevent AIDS in children. Relevant data show that the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV usually fluctuates between 15% and 50% without intervention. Standardized and effective comprehensive intervention can reduce the transmission rate of mother to child to less than 1%. At present, it is believed that mother-to-child transmission of AIDS can be blocked by comprehensive intervention, and its mechanism has been clearly studied. Combined with highly effective antiviral treatment, safe labor and artificial feeding, the mother to child transmission rate can be reduced to less than 1%. However, due to the effect of drugs on mother-to-child transmission of AIDS may lead to some changes in the main biochemical indicators of mother-to-child, there is no systematic analysis of the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-to-child transmission. In this study, the viral load, T lymphocyte subsets and major biochemical indicators of HIV/AIDS pregnant women before and after maternal-infant blockade were dynamically analyzed. It is hoped that this study will help to observe the basic physical fitness and disease development of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS during pregnancy, to provide a strong basis for the treatment and evaluation of maternal-infant blockade of HIV/AIDS pregnant women, and to establish a complete set of laboratory indicators to understand the body status of pregnant women at all stages to minimize the probability of fetal transmission, which will make good economic and social benefits.

Patient-Reported Factors Facilitating Participation in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Kara, Togo, West Africa

Background: Despite efforts to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in resource-limited settings, only 53% of women in sub-Saharan Africa receive adequate PMTCT services. Understanding factors that enable successful program completion are crucial to improving adherence rates to PMTCT programs in these settings. Using a positive deviance approach, we explored patient and provider’s perspectives on factors enabling women to successfully access and adhere to PMTCT services to identify areas of program improvement and further reduce HIV transmission. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 health care workers (HCWs) at two health centers in Kara, Togo and 34 women who had successfully completed the PMTCT program at those facilities. Women were identified using purposive sampling and content theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge and belief in the potential to give birth to an HIV-negative child, supported by facilitating factors on the individual and community levels, was the cornerstone to women’s PMTCT program success. Effective program education and peer-to-peer interactions fostered the participants’ knowledge and belief in PMTCT, with the resulting internal motivation driving continued participation and adherence. The welcoming environment, availability of peer support groups and financial assistance from the health facility, further facilitated success, with women using this facility-based community to seek advice and support from HCWs and peers. Financial, physical, and emotional support from relatives was also important in ensuring unhindered access. Finally, the faith-based communities’ acceptance and support for HIV-positive women further encouraged participants to adhere to the program. Conclusion: Understanding and believing in the ability to have an HIV-negative baby was the most important facilitator for PMTCT program adherence. This led to internal motivation that was continually reinforced through facility and community supportive environments focused on addressing barriers. Efforts to improve PMTCT success should focus on all of these factors through a patient-centered approach.

阻断HBV母婴传播:热点与难点

慢性HBV感染是我国最重要的公共卫生问题之一,HBV感染人群超过7000万,防控工作面临着严峻挑战。当前政府及社会各界正在加速推进“2030年实现消除病毒性肝炎对公众健康的威胁”的宏伟目标。母婴传播是HBV最主要的传播途径,因此,做好HBV母婴阻断是消除病毒性肝炎的关键一环。目前在该领域存在一些热点与难点问题亟需解决,包括妊娠期采用富马酸丙酚替诺福韦长期治疗的安全性、妊娠早期抗病毒治疗的安全性、无免疫球蛋白策略的有效性和HBV经生殖细胞传播的风险等,解决这些问题对进一步推进HBV母婴阻断工作,加快我国实现2030年目标的进程具有重要作用。

HBV高载量孕妇孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施阻断母婴传播效果

目的:探究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)高载量孕妇孕期HBV-DNA水平和乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性情况,分析孕期抗病毒治疗结合标准阻断措施对HBV高载量孕妇母婴传播阻断效果。方法:回顾性收集2021年1月-2023年1月本院住院分娩的120例HBV高载量孕妇临床资料,分析孕妇妊娠期、分娩前HBV-DNA水平和HBeAg阳性率,多因素logistic回归分析HBeAg状态影响因素,分析孕期抗病毒治疗对新生儿乙肝母婴传播阻断效果及母婴安全性。结果:120例HBV高载量孕妇中,孕期接受抗病毒治疗93例(治疗组),抗病毒药物分别为替诺福韦占56.6%、拉米夫定占20.8%;未接受治疗27例(未治疗组)。妊娠期,抗病毒治疗组和未治疗组HBV-DNA载量、HBeAg阳性率无差异(P>0.05);分娩前,抗病毒治疗组HBV-DNA载量≥10^(6)IU/ml占比(7.5%)低于未治疗组(92.6%)(P<0.05),而两组HBeAg阳性率(90.3%、92.6%)无差异(P>0.05)。多因素logistic分析,年龄低、HBVDNA载量高影响HBeAg状态的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。新生儿乙肝母婴传播阻断率抗病毒治疗组(100.0%)高于未治疗组(2例,92.6%)(P<0.05)。两组新生儿体质量、早产、剖宫产、妊娠合并症、产时并发症比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:HBV高载量孕妇HBV-DNA水平较高,HBeAg阳性率与孕妇年龄低、HBV-DNA载量高有关;孕期抗病毒治疗可降低孕妇分娩前HBV-DNA水平,结合标准阻断措施后可提高HBV母婴传播阻断率,且安全性较好。

HIV暴露儿童血清逆转影响因素分析

目的研究HIV暴露儿童血清逆转相关影响因素。方法收集2019年1月至2021年12月期间深圳市第三人民医院管理的49例HIV感染孕产妇及所生HIV暴露儿童的一般情况、临床资料及血清结果等。结果49例HIV暴露儿童在出生后48 h、6周、3月龄HIV核酸检测均为阴性。在12、18、21月龄时血清逆转率分别为59.18%、93.87%和100.00%。HIV暴露儿童在12月龄血清是否逆转与母亲分娩方式、抗反转录病毒开始时间、孕期核酸检测结果、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数无关;与HIV暴露儿童的性别、出生胎龄与体重、阻断药物使用种类等也无关。结论未发现12月龄HIV暴露儿童血清逆转的明确影响因素,其3月龄核酸检测与最终血清逆转结果一致性为100%。为尽早排除HIV感染,减少家属顾虑,未来可考虑HIV暴露儿童3月龄前3次核酸阴性结果代替血清逆转。

2018-2022年淄博市预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播实施效果研究

目的研究2018—2022年淄博市预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作实施效果。方法提取2018-2022年淄博市工作月报表及个案卡信息,分析艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝检测率、阳性检出率、治疗率及干预效果等。结果淄博市分娩产妇均在孕产期接受艾梅乙检测,孕期检测率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);梅毒孕产妇阳性检出率2.03‰,呈上升趋势;乙型病毒性肝炎(Viral Hepatitis Type B,HBV)阳性检出率2.55%,呈下降趋势;艾滋病病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)感染孕产妇及所生儿童抗HIV用药率均为100%;梅毒感染孕产妇治疗率及所生儿童预防性治疗率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);HIV母婴传播率为0,先天梅毒报告发病率为1.56/10万活产;乙肝母婴传播率为0.68%。结论全市预防母婴传播工作成效明显,但仍需继续努力,为消除母婴传播工作奠定基础。

妊娠期抗病毒治疗阻断HBV母婴传播的新进展

HBV母婴传播是导致我国慢性乙型肝炎疾病高负担的主要原因之一,阻断这一传播途径对消除乙型肝炎具有至关重要的战略意义。新生儿出生立即实施联合免疫接种是阻断HBV母婴传播的基本策略,但在高病毒血症母亲中仍有9%的母婴传播率。近年来,孕期抗病毒干预阻断母婴传播的研究取得了突破,对消除乙型肝炎母婴传播具有划时代意义。孕期抗病毒干预与婴儿出生后联合免疫接种的综合预防,已成为消除乙型肝炎母婴传播的关键策略。本文总结了妊娠期抗病毒干预阻断母婴传播的发展历程和最新进展,并归纳相关干预策略和适应证等,旨在为临床和公共卫生医生提供参考。

孕妇HPV感染分型及与新生儿感染关系

目的:探究孕妇人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染分型及与新生儿感染关系。方法:选取本院2020年1月-2023年10月产前检查诊断为HPV感染的孕妇100例临床资料,统计孕妇HPV感染分型构成比,检测新生儿HPV感染率及不同分型构成比,根据HPV分型分为高危组、低危组,对比两组孕产妇免疫功能指标及新生儿结局差异。结果:100例HPV感染孕妇,高危型HPV(75.0%)、低危型HPV(25.0%);新生儿HPV感染率为40.0%,高危型HPV(77.5%)、低危型(22.5%);高危组孕妇免疫功能CD3^(+)(44.21±3.45)%、CD4^(+)(30.44±3.14)%水平均低于低危组(56.44±4.12、42.84±3.45)%,早产(28.0%)、胎膜早破(21.3%)、胎儿生长受限(30.7%)及新生儿HPV感染率(46.7%)均高于低危组(8.0%、4.0%、8.0%、20.0%)(均P<0.05)。结论:HPV16、HPV18、HPV52是孕妇的主要HPV感染高危型,其新生儿HPV感染且感染分型与孕母一致性较高,高危型HPV感染孕妇可能通过免疫失衡增加新生儿不良结局风险。

基于信息移动网络的健康管理对HBV感染孕妇服药依从性及HBV母婴传播阻断效果的影响

目的 探讨基于信息移动网络的健康管理在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染孕妇中的应用效果。方法 回顾性纳入惠州市第六人民医院2022年5月至2023年4月收治的HBV感染孕妇72例,按护理方法不同分为两组,各36例。两组均行常规治疗,对照组实施常规健康宣教,观察组实施基于信息移动网络的健康管理,两组均持续观察至孕妇分娩后4周。对比两组服药依从性、HBV理论知识掌握、HBV母婴传播阻断效果及护理满意度。结果 观察组服药依从性高于对照组(94.44%vs. 77.78%,P=0.041);观察组护理后HBV理论知识掌握情况评分为(80.12±7.60)分,高于对照组的(74.60±7.48)分(P=0.003);观察组新生儿HBsAb阳转率高于对照组(88.89%vs. 69.44%,P=0.042),HBsAg阳性率低于对照组(2.78%vs. 22.22%,P=0.033);观察组护理满意度高于对照组(94.44%vs. 77.78%,P=0.041)。结论 基于信息移动网络的健康管理能够提升HBV感染孕妇服药依从性,提升其HBV理论知识掌握水平,获得较好的HBV母婴传播阻断效果,患者护理满意度较高。

HBeAg阳性妊娠慢性HBV携带者母婴阻断停药后肝炎活动的危险因素研究

目的观察HBeAg阳性妊娠慢性HBV携带者启动以母婴阻断为目的的抗病毒治疗基线至产后96周内HBV RNA、HBV DNA、qHBsAg、qHBeAg、ALT等指标的动态变化,分析产后96周内肝炎活动的危险因素。方法回顾性纳入接受预防性抗病毒治疗并于产后12周内停药、且完成产后96周随访的妊娠HBeAg阳性患者,观察抗病毒治疗基线、妊娠36周、产后停药时和/或产后24周、产后96周HBV RNA、HBV DNA、qHBsAg、qHBeAg以及生化学指标的动态变化。结果共纳入146例中位治疗时间为16.4周的HBeAg阳性妊娠慢性HBV携带者。抗病毒治疗期间HBV DNA水平及qHBeAg逐渐下降,HBV RNA逐渐增高,qHBsAg水平在孕36周时较基线降低,停药时升高超过基线水平。产后24周上述指标均反弹接近或超过基线水平。产后96周随访,共5例患者发生HBeAg血清学转换,无一例发生HBsAg清除。产后停药时与产后24周肝炎活动比例最高(30.1%vs.30.8%),但随访至产后96周,仅14例(9.59%)患者因肝炎活动需抗病毒干预。根据是否再次启动抗病毒治疗将患者分为复发组(n=14)与未复发组(n=132)。10例患者在停药6个月以后复发,中位复发时间13.5月。两组间抗病毒治疗药物类型、基线至孕36周HBeAg降幅的差异具有统计学意义。结论HBeAg阳性妊娠慢性HBV携带者预防性抗病毒治疗期间及停药后均有不同比例肝炎活动,停药时、产后24周达高峰,但仅少数患者需再次抗病毒干预,且与HBV活动相关的肝炎发作多发生在停药6个月以后,应加强停药后的长期规律随访。抗病毒基线至孕36周HBeAg降幅是预测产后停药肝炎活动的独立危险因素。

乙肝孕妇HBV-DNA载量检测在母婴传播筛查中的应用效果评估

目的:分析乙肝孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)载量检测在母婴传播筛查中的应用效果评估。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年1月乙肝孕妇100例进入研究,根据孕妇乙肝两对半定性检测结果分为大三阳组,小三阳组和其他组,比较各组间孕妇新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA载量检测结果及1年后新生儿HBV DNA阳性率;比较不同HBV-DNA载量孕妇新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA载量检测结果。结果:100例孕妇中大三阳46例(46.00%),小三阳32例(32.00%),其他22例(22.00%)。100例孕妇中新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性共14例,宫内感染发生率14.00%。大三阳组新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性率显著高于小三阳组和其他组(P<0.05);三组间1年后新生儿HBV DNA阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05);100例孕妇中HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)37例(37.00%),10^(3)~10^(5)44例(44.00%)和<10^(3)19例(19.00%)。HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)中新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA阳性率显著高于10^(3)~10^(5)和<10^(3)(P<0.05);HBV-DNA载量≥10^(5)中平均新生儿脐带血HBV-DNA log病毒载量显著高于10^(3)~10^(5)(P<0.05)。结论:乙肝孕妇HBV-DNA载量检测对母婴传播具有重要意义,该检测有助于评估孕妇感染程度、预测婴儿感染风险,并监测治疗效果,值得推广应用。

A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate,Yemen:the risk of waterborne transmission

Background:Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic coccidian parasite causing morbidity and mortality.In Yemen,T.gondii infection has been reported among pregnant women seeking healthcare in the main cities.However,no data are available on the prevalence of T.gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of the country.Thus,the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T.gondii and identify its risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz governorate,Yemen.Methods:A total of 359 pregnant women living in the rural communities of Taiz governorate were enrolled in this study by house-to-house visits.Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire,and blood samples were collected and tested for the detection of anti-T.gondii IgM and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The prevalence of T.gondii infection among pregnant women in this study was 46.2%(166/359).Bivariate analysis identified the age of≥30 years(odds ratio[OR]=1.7;95%confidence interval[CI]=1.09-2.65,P=0.019)and unimproved water sources(OR=2.2;95%CI=1.10-4.55,P=0.023)as factors associated with T.gondii infection among pregnant women.The multivariable analysis,however,identified unimproved water sources as an independent risk factor(adjusted OR=2.4;95%CI=1.16-5.0,P=0.018)associated with T.gondii infection among pregnant women.Conclusions:Pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz,Yemen are at high risk of contracting T.gondii infection.Unimproved water sources(wells,water streams and water tanks)are significantly associated with T.gondii infection and should be considered in prevention and control strategies,especially among pregnant women.

联合治疗阻断乙型肝炎病毒孕妇母婴传播的效果分析

目的探讨联合治疗阻断乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)孕妇母婴传播的效果。方法选择66例乙肝表面抗原性的孕妇为研究对象,根据不同的治疗方式分为对照组和研究组,每组33例。对照组采用注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白治疗,研究组在对照组基础上口服拉米夫定治疗。比较两组新生儿HBV感染情况、不良反应发生情况及孕妇并发症发生情况。结果研究组新生儿乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)、乙肝E抗原(HbeAg)、HBV阳性率均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组HBV转阴27例,HBV转阴率为81.82%,对照组HBV转阴15例,HBV转阴率为45.45%,研究组HBV转阴率高于对照组(P<0.05);在治疗期间,两组孕妇均未出现妊娠并发症,且婴儿发育良好,无不良妊娠结局,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论联合治疗阻断HBV孕妇母婴传播的效果较好,可以降低HBV母婴传播的风险,保证母婴健康,值得临床推广与应用。