Disturbances rejection optimization based on improved two-degree-of-freedom LADRC for permanent magnet synchronous motor systems

Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)speed control systems with conventional linear active disturbance rejection control(CLADRC)strategy encounter issues regarding the coupling between dynamic response and disturbance suppression and have poor performance in suppressing complex nonlinear disturbances.In order to address these issues,this paper proposes an improved two-degree-of-freedom LADRC(TDOF-LADRC)strategy,which can enhance the disturbance rejection performance of the system while decoupling entirely the system's dynamic and anti-disturbance performance to boost the system robustness and simplify controller parameter tuning.PMSM models that consider total disturbances are developed to design the TDOF-LADRC speed controller accurately.Moreover,to evaluate the control performance of the TDOF-LADRC strategy,its stability is proven,and the influence of each controller parameter on the system control performance is analyzed.Based on it,a comparison is made between the disturbance observation ability and anti-disturbance performance of TDOF-LADRC and CLADRC to prove the superiority of TDOF-LADRC in rejecting disturbances.Finally,experiments are performed on a 750 W PMSM experimental platform,and the results demonstrate that the proposed TDOF-LADRC exhibits the properties of two degrees of freedom and improves the disturbance rejection performance of the PMSM system.

An Active Stereo Vision System Based on Neural Pathways of Human Binocular Motor System

An active stereo vision system based on a model of neural pathways of human binocular motor system is proposed. With this model, it is guaranteed that the two cameras of the active stereo vision system can keep their lines of sight fixed on the same target object during smooth pursuit. This feature is very important for active stereo vision systems, since not only 3D reconstruction needs the two cameras have an overlapping field of vision, but also it can facilitate the 3D reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, some software simulations are done to demonstrate the same target tracking characteristic in a virtual environment apt to mistracking easily. Here, mistracking means two eyes track two different objects separately. Then the proposed method is implemented in our active stereo vision system to perform real tracking task in a laboratory scene where several persons walk self-determining. Before the proposed model is implemented in the system, mistracking occurred frequently. After it is enabled, mistracking never occurred. The result shows that the vision system based on neural pathways of human binocular motor system can reliably avoid mistracking.

LMI Approach to Robust H_∞/H_2 Controller Design with Regional Poles Constraint of a Pump-Motor System

The time domain guideposts requirements of a pump-motor system is transfered into a series of constraints which express the robust performance upper bound and regional poles limits of the closed loop system. Then the servo system control problem is transferred into the problem of robust performance optimizing under regional poles constrains described by linear matrix inequality （LMI）. These LMIs are easy to solve through the Matlab LMI-toolbox. Simulations indicate that the controller has excellent dynamic, static and disturbance rejection performance, and the control system is robust and has perfect H2 performance to the bounded external torque disturbance.

Backstepping-based lag synchronization of a complex permanent magnet synchronous motor system

Through introducing the concept of complex current and resetting cross-coupling term, this paper proposes a novel complex permanent magnet synchronous motor system and analyzes its properties. Based on a complex permanent magnet synchronous motor system, we design controllers and achieve lag synchronizations both in real part and imaginary part with backstepping method. In our study, we take complex current, time delay, and structure of complex system into consideration. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the validity of controllers.

An Experimental Study on Microcomputer Control of Pump Controlled Motor Systems

Pump controlled motor electrohydraulic servo systems are much used in circumstances where high power drive is needed. This kind of system has the advantage of energy-saving. But, it also has some defects that have to be improved. Microcomputer control of a pump controlled motor electrohydraulic servo system is studied. A PID controller is first adopted on the closed loop control system, and experimental results are obtained. Then, a model reference adaptive controller is designed and realised on the same system applying a single board microcomputer. Experimental results show that the dynamic properties of the adaptive control system is much better than those of the PID system under different inertia load conditions.

Guaranteeing the Fault Transient Performance of Aerospace Multiphase Permanent Magnet Motor System: an Adaptive Robust Speed Control Approach

To enhance the fault transient performance of aerospace multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)system,an adaptive robust speed control is proposed regardless of the phase open-circuit(OC)and short-circuit(SC)fault in this paper,which can be applied for both the redundant motor system and fault tolerant motor system.For aerospace multiphase PMSM system,besides external load disturbance and system parameter perturbation,there inevitably exists the electromagnetic torque ripple in fault transient process,which can degrade the system performance and even cause the system instability.To cope with this issue,the electromagnet torque ripple of the multiphase PMSM system in fault transient process is first analyzed.Then,by considering the electromagnet torque fluctuation caused by fault transient as a system uncertainty,a novel adaptive robust speed control scheme is proposed,while the adaptive law is constructed to emulate the total system uncertainty bound,which include the load disturbance,the parameter variation,and the electromagnetic torque fluctuation due to fault transient.The resulting control can ensure the speed control performance even in fault transient process regardless of the uncertainty,in which no prior estimation of the uncertainty bound is required.In addition,the proposed adaptive robust speed control is demonstrated by a six-phase PMSM experimental platform.The novelty of this research is to explore a novel adaptive robust speed control to strengthen the fault tolerance performance of multiphase PMSM system even in fault transient process,which requires no prior estimation of the uncertainty bound.

Stochastic Resonance of Single (Independent of Each Other) Protein Motor System with Fluctuating Potential Barrier

A single （independent of each other） protein motor system with fluctuating potential barrier and subject to sine electric field is investigated. We first derive the approximate Langevin equation of this system with fluctuating potential barrier. Then from this approximate Langevin equation, we calculate the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） in the adiabatic limit. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is found for this protein motor system with fluctuating potential barrier.

Experimental research of traction motor system for electric vehicle base on sound tensity

The traction motor of electric vehicle is differing from the general industry traction motor completely. Not only frequently start, parking, accelerate, decelerate and low speed, but also high torque in climbing slope, low torque in high speed and wide range speed are requested. Base on the theory of sound intensi- ty, the experiment of noise are study through the measurement at discrete points. The sizing grid is 10mm × 10mm, The sound intensity map of traction motor are protracted at 1000r/min and the result show that the main noise sources are fan, gear-box and the traction motor in turn.

Model predictive torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor system driven by matrix converter

Employing matrix converter （MC） as driving mode, the strategy of model predictive torque control （MPTC） is proposed for three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） system. MC is applied instead of conventional AC DC AC converter to increase the power factor （PF） of the system input side. MPTC is used to select optimal voltage space vector to enable the system to have satisfactory torque and flux control effect. The resultant MPTC strategy not only makes the MC fed PMSM system operate reliably and have perfect control performance, but also makes the PF of the system input side be 1. Compared with direct torque control （DTC）, the proposed MPTC strategy guarantees that MC fed PMSM has better command following characteristics in the presence of variation of load torque and tracking reference speed. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Symmetric Structure of Induction Motor Systems

In this paper, symmetric structure of induction motor system in stationary αβ 0 coordinates is studied by the geometric approach. The results show that the system possesses symmetry ( G,θ,Φ ) and infinitesimal symmetry. Under certain conditions, the system can be transformed into a form possessing state space symmetry ( G,Φ ) and infinitesimal state space symmetry by means of state feedback and input coordinate base transform. The results can be extended to the fifth order induction motor system fed by hysteresis band current controlled PWM inverter.

High temperature brushless DC motor system and its operation mode control

The high temperature (175 ℃) operation of a motor spells out special requirements for control algorithms, materials and elements. The stability of motor characteristic is guaranteed by the digital control strategy. Constant velocity operation is achieved by phase locked loop (PLL), and constant power operation is achieved by a current restricting circuit. A motor for constant speed and constant power operation has been built and the speed control system is tuned by MATLAB simulation. Experimental and simulation results for operation mode control of brushless DC motor are presented.

Appearance of Stochastic Resonance in Protein Motor System

A protein motor system driven by sine electric field is investigated. The signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is derived in the adiabatic limit. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is found for this protein motor system.

A hybrid stepping motor system with dual CPU

An indirect method of measuring the rotor position based on the magnetic reluctance variation is presented in the paper. A single-chip microprocessor 80C196KC is utilized to compensate the phase shift produced by the process of position signals. At the same time, a DSP (Data Signal Processor) unit is used to realize the speed and current closed-loops of the hybrid stepping motor system. At last, experimental results show the control system has excellent static and dynamic characteristics.

Adaptive Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Identifying Motor Systems

In this paper, the main objective is to identify the parameters of motors, which includes a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor and an induction motor. The motor systems are dynamically formulated by the mechanical and electrical equations. The real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) is adopted to identify all parameters of motors, and the standard genetic algorithm (SRGA) and various adaptive genetic algorithm (ARGAs) are compared in the rotational angular speeds and fitness values, which are the inverse of square differences of angular speeds. From numerical simulations and experimental results, it is found that the SRGA and ARGA are feasible, the ARGA can effectively solve the problems with slow convergent speed and premature phenomenon, and is more accurate in identifying system’s parameters than the SRGA. From the comparisons of the ARGAs in identifying parameters of motors, the best ARGA method is obtained and could be applied to any other mechatronic systems.

Control Pathways from the Subcortical Limbic Structures to the Trigeminal Motor System in the Lower Brainstem: A Hodological Review

The organization of the emotion-related somatic motor behavior, including jaw movements, is governed not only by the cortical limbic system but also by the subcortical limbic system including the amygdala and hypothalamus. GABAergic neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) and glutamatergic neurons in the posterior lateral hypothalamus (PLH) exert inhibitory and excitatory influences, respectively, upon premotor neurons for the motor trigeminal nucleus (Vm) in the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp) of the medulla oblongata. The CeA also has an inhibitory influence on non-dopaminergic (probably GABAergic) neurons in the retrorubral field of the midbrain that send their axons to the RFp. Furthermore, the CeA and lateral hypothalamus including the PLH may also modulate Vm neurons via projections to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus which contains the cell bodies of primary afferent neurons conveying inputs from the masticatory muscle spindles or the periodontal ligament receptors to jaw closing motoneurons within the Vm. These pathways from the subcortical limbic structures to the trigeminal motor system in the lower brainstem underlie the regulation of emotional jaw movements.

LQ Speed Control of Pump Controlled Motor System

A linear quadric (LQ) optimal speed control algorithm is proposed for the speed control of a pump controlled motor hydraulic system. The control theme consists of optimal state feedback and disturbing compensation based on observation. The optimal state feedback bases on LQ cost function. The disturbing compensation is realized through reconstructing the state of load torque. A series of simulation are performed, and the results show that the control performance is satisfactory and can be maintained under changes of load torque.

Study on load performance of electric motor system used in hybrid electric vehicle

The performance of the power assist, global optimization solved by dynamic programming （DP） method, Chery and Insight control strategies are analyzed using the mild parallel hybrid electric vehicle （PHEV） model based on Insight structure. The influence of the four control strategies to the load power of the electric motor system used on parallel hybrid electric vehicle is studied. It is found that 80 percent of the motor load power points are under 1/5 of the electric peak power. The motor load power of the power assist control strategy is distributed in the widest range during generating operation, and the motor load power of the global optimization control strategy has the smallest one.

Stochastic sampled-data multi-objective control of active suspension systems for in-wheel motor driven electric vehicles

This paper addresses the sampled-data multi-objective active suspension control problem for an in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle subject to stochastic sampling periods and asynchronous premise variables.The focus is placed on the scenario that the dynamical state of the half-vehicle active suspension system is transmitted over an in-vehicle controller area network that only permits the transmission of sampled data packets.For this purpose,a stochastic sampling mechanism is developed such that the sampling periods can randomly switch among different values with certain mathematical probabilities.Then,an asynchronous fuzzy sampled-data controller,featuring distinct premise variables from the active suspension system,is constructed to eliminate the stringent requirement that the sampled-data controller has to share the same grades of membership.Furthermore,novel criteria for both stability analysis and controller design are derived in order to guarantee that the resultant closed-loop active suspension system is stochastically stable with simultaneous𝐻2 and𝐻∞performance requirements.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic sampled-data multi-objective control method is verified via several numerical cases studies in both time domain and frequency domain under various road disturbance profiles.

Liquid Subcutaneous Levodopa-Carbidopa ND0612 Effects on Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: In the manuscript titled “Liquid subcutaneous Levodopa-Carbidopa ND0612 effects on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis”, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen has on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Introduction: ND0612 is a novel minimally invasive continuous subcutaneous delivery system of liquid Levodopa-Carbidopa being investigated for the treatment of PD in individuals experiencing motor symptoms. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of ND0612 on motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Outcomes included the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II and Part III scores. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird method to estimate the effects of the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen on UPDRS Part II and Part III scores. Results: Three studies were included in our review. There were statistically significant reductions in UPDRS Part II scores (mean difference (MD) −3.299;95% confidence interval (CI) −3.438, −3.159) and in UPDRS Part III scores (MD −12.695;95% CI −24.428, −0.962) in the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen. Results were based on very low certainty of evidence. Conclusion: Based on very low certainty evidence, the ND0612 24-hour dosing regimen is effective at improving motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Our findings suggest that ND0612 is more effective at improving UPDRS Part II and Part III scores in individuals with PD than other pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, warranting further study.

Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: In the manuscript titled Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Rasagiline Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinsons Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, the objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects that Rasagiline has on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. Introduction: Rasagiline is a second-generation monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor used both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for Parkinsons Disease (PD). Methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed with randomized control trials that investigated the effects of Rasagiline on motor and non-motor symptoms in individuals with PD. The systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in our review. There were trivial to small and statistically significant improvements in motor symptoms for individuals with PD treated with Rasagiline compared to placebo. Non-motor symptoms showed no significant improvement with Rasagiline compared to placebo in five of six meta-analyses. Results were based on very low to moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusion: 1 mg/day Rasagiline significantly improved Parkinsonian motor symptoms in individuals with PD compared with placebo. For all outcomes, the 1 mg/day Rasagiline group was favored over the placebo group.