柴胡(Bupleurum chinens e DC.)为伞形科柴胡属多年生草本植物,以根入药。柴胡生产中种质混杂较为严重,新品种选育势在必行。为完善柴胡植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(Distinctness,uniformity and stability,DUS)测试指南,本试验...柴胡(Bupleurum chinens e DC.)为伞形科柴胡属多年生草本植物,以根入药。柴胡生产中种质混杂较为严重,新品种选育势在必行。为完善柴胡植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(Distinctness,uniformity and stability,DUS)测试指南,本试验收集了22份不同产地柴胡,对二年生与三年生柴胡基于形态学性状开展了DUS测试指南的研制,与原指南相比,增加了根的产量与含量相关的性状,最终确定了41个测试性状,其中包括24个必测的基本性状,17个选测性状;有质量性状0个、假质量性状15个和数量性状26个;涉及到植株性状6个、茎性状4个、叶性状7个、基生叶性状7个、花性状6个、根性状10个、生育期性状1个。本指南为我国柴胡性状测试、新品种的授权提供了支撑,对柴胡新品种选育具有重大意义。展开更多
According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China ...According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China have been analyzed using statistical methods.The extreme temperature indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization are selected to describe the extreme temperature event.The RClimDEX 1.0 software is used to calculate the extreme temperature indices.There are no tropical nights,and just three summer days at the last 50 years.The frost days are the main extreme temperature events all year round.The temperature in the north slope is more extreme than that in the south slope of the Mount Qomolangma.There is remarkable decadal variation for the extreme temperature indices except diurnal temperature range.There are the warm extremes increasing,however,the cold extremes decreasing with the decadal lapse,which is more remarkable into the 21^(th) century.The tendencies for the extreme temperature indices in the north slope are consistent with those in the south slope.There are statistically significant trends for most extreme temperature indices during the study period.It shows that the warm extremes would be more prominent in the future with the global continued warming.The abrupt changes of the extreme temperature index have occurred mainly in the 20^(th) century especially from the mid to late 1980s and 1990s.The periodic changes in the south slope do not synchronize those in the north slope for the most extreme temperature indices.It is different for most extreme temperature indices between the south and north slope,which has demonstrated that the regional or local changes are not neglectable for extreme temperature research.The results of this study are also the consistent response of extreme temperature event to the global warming.展开更多
The distinctive conditions present on the north and south slopes of Mount Qomolangma,along with the intricate variations in the underlying surfaces,result in notable variations in the surface energy flux patterns of t...The distinctive conditions present on the north and south slopes of Mount Qomolangma,along with the intricate variations in the underlying surfaces,result in notable variations in the surface energy flux patterns of the two slopes.In this paper,data from TESEBS(Topographical Enhanced Surface Energy Balance System),remote sensing data from eight cloud-free scenarios,and observational data from nine stations are utilized to examine the fluctuations in the surface heat flux on both slopes.The inclusion of MCD43A3 satellite data enhances the surface albedo,contributing to more accurate simulation outcomes.The model results are validated using observational data.The RMSEs of the net radiation,ground heat,sensible heat,and latent heat flux are 40.73,17.09,33.26,and 30.91 W m^(−2),respectively.The net radiation flux is greater on the south slope and exhibits a rapid decline from summer to autumn.Due to the influence of the monsoon,on the north slope,the maximum sensible heat flux occurs in the pre-monsoon period in summer and the maximum latent heat flux occurs during the monsoon.The south slope experiences the highest latent heat flux in summer.The dominant flux on the north slope is sensible heat,while it is latent heat on the south slope.The seasonal variations in the ground heat flux are more pronounced on the south slope than on the north slope.Except in summer,the ground heat flux on the north slope surpasses that on the south slope.展开更多
Ash-rich pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade volcanic arc, Oregon, entered and blocked the narrow, bedrock-lined canyon of the Williamson River approximately 35 t...Ash-rich pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade volcanic arc, Oregon, entered and blocked the narrow, bedrock-lined canyon of the Williamson River approximately 35 to 44 km from the source volcano. The blockage impounded a body of water which then released producing four stratigraphic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigraphic units are a boulder core comprised of locally sourced bedrock boulders and three sand-rich units including a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy pumice gravel (±basalt/hydrovolcanic tuff) unit, and a pumice pebble-bearing, crystal-rich sand unit. Hand-drilled auger holes up to ~1.6 m deep were used to obtain samples of the sand-rich units. Units were delimited using surface and down-hole observations, composition and texture, estimated density, statistical parameters of grain size, and vertical and lateral distribution of properties. Overtopping followed by rapid incision into the ash-rich pyroclastic flows progressively cleared the canyon, but a bedrock knickpoint near the head of the canyon limited the volume of debris available for transport to about 0.04 km<sup>3</sup> to 0.08 km<sup>3</sup>. Co-deposition of bedrock boulders and lithic-rich sand was followed by rapid deposition with minimal reworking of remobilized pyroclastics. Continued draining of the impounded lake sent hyperconcentrated flows onto the debris fan depositing pumice-rich gravels that graded upward to crystal-rich sands.展开更多
The main aim of this study is to explain periglacial processes on the summits of Mount Honaz(2571 m a.s.l.),define periglacial landforms,and determine the relationships between morphometric features and topographic fa...The main aim of this study is to explain periglacial processes on the summits of Mount Honaz(2571 m a.s.l.),define periglacial landforms,and determine the relationships between morphometric features and topographic factors.Mud circles,stony earth circles,non sorted steps,and non sorted stripes were identified on the summits of Mount Honaz.Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)and linear regression analyses were performed by taking metric measurements from 125 periglacial landforms to describe their morphometric features(length,width,height)of periglacial landforms and explain the relationships between them and topographic factors(elevation,slope).To explain the relationships between periglacial landforms and soil properties,soil samples from 11 periglacial landforms were taken and analysed.Periglacial landforms,which continue to develop on the summits of Mount Honaz today,have been evaluated with present climate data.Analysis of soil samples indicates a notable impact of parent material on the genesis of periglacial landforms.The high ratio of organic matter in mud circle and non sorted step landforms and the high lime ratio in stony earth circle landforms prove a strong relationship between the formation mechanisms of landforms and the soil properties.Furthermore,it is consistent with the findings obtained from the analysis that severe periglacial processes and washing and scavenging events are experienced more on the northern slopes.展开更多
Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate ri...Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.展开更多
文摘柴胡(Bupleurum chinens e DC.)为伞形科柴胡属多年生草本植物,以根入药。柴胡生产中种质混杂较为严重,新品种选育势在必行。为完善柴胡植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(Distinctness,uniformity and stability,DUS)测试指南,本试验收集了22份不同产地柴胡,对二年生与三年生柴胡基于形态学性状开展了DUS测试指南的研制,与原指南相比,增加了根的产量与含量相关的性状,最终确定了41个测试性状,其中包括24个必测的基本性状,17个选测性状;有质量性状0个、假质量性状15个和数量性状26个;涉及到植株性状6个、茎性状4个、叶性状7个、基生叶性状7个、花性状6个、根性状10个、生育期性状1个。本指南为我国柴胡性状测试、新品种的授权提供了支撑,对柴胡新品种选育具有重大意义。
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0105)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA19070401)。
文摘According to observational daily temperature data from the meteorological stations during 1971-2020,the variations of the extreme temperature event in the Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest) region in China have been analyzed using statistical methods.The extreme temperature indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization are selected to describe the extreme temperature event.The RClimDEX 1.0 software is used to calculate the extreme temperature indices.There are no tropical nights,and just three summer days at the last 50 years.The frost days are the main extreme temperature events all year round.The temperature in the north slope is more extreme than that in the south slope of the Mount Qomolangma.There is remarkable decadal variation for the extreme temperature indices except diurnal temperature range.There are the warm extremes increasing,however,the cold extremes decreasing with the decadal lapse,which is more remarkable into the 21^(th) century.The tendencies for the extreme temperature indices in the north slope are consistent with those in the south slope.There are statistically significant trends for most extreme temperature indices during the study period.It shows that the warm extremes would be more prominent in the future with the global continued warming.The abrupt changes of the extreme temperature index have occurred mainly in the 20^(th) century especially from the mid to late 1980s and 1990s.The periodic changes in the south slope do not synchronize those in the north slope for the most extreme temperature indices.It is different for most extreme temperature indices between the south and north slope,which has demonstrated that the regional or local changes are not neglectable for extreme temperature research.The results of this study are also the consistent response of extreme temperature event to the global warming.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42230610]the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program[grant number 2019QZKK0103]+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province[grant number 2022NSFSC0217]the Scientific Research Project of Chengdu University of Information Technology[grant number KYTZ201721].
文摘The distinctive conditions present on the north and south slopes of Mount Qomolangma,along with the intricate variations in the underlying surfaces,result in notable variations in the surface energy flux patterns of the two slopes.In this paper,data from TESEBS(Topographical Enhanced Surface Energy Balance System),remote sensing data from eight cloud-free scenarios,and observational data from nine stations are utilized to examine the fluctuations in the surface heat flux on both slopes.The inclusion of MCD43A3 satellite data enhances the surface albedo,contributing to more accurate simulation outcomes.The model results are validated using observational data.The RMSEs of the net radiation,ground heat,sensible heat,and latent heat flux are 40.73,17.09,33.26,and 30.91 W m^(−2),respectively.The net radiation flux is greater on the south slope and exhibits a rapid decline from summer to autumn.Due to the influence of the monsoon,on the north slope,the maximum sensible heat flux occurs in the pre-monsoon period in summer and the maximum latent heat flux occurs during the monsoon.The south slope experiences the highest latent heat flux in summer.The dominant flux on the north slope is sensible heat,while it is latent heat on the south slope.The seasonal variations in the ground heat flux are more pronounced on the south slope than on the north slope.Except in summer,the ground heat flux on the north slope surpasses that on the south slope.
文摘Ash-rich pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade volcanic arc, Oregon, entered and blocked the narrow, bedrock-lined canyon of the Williamson River approximately 35 to 44 km from the source volcano. The blockage impounded a body of water which then released producing four stratigraphic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigraphic units are a boulder core comprised of locally sourced bedrock boulders and three sand-rich units including a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy pumice gravel (±basalt/hydrovolcanic tuff) unit, and a pumice pebble-bearing, crystal-rich sand unit. Hand-drilled auger holes up to ~1.6 m deep were used to obtain samples of the sand-rich units. Units were delimited using surface and down-hole observations, composition and texture, estimated density, statistical parameters of grain size, and vertical and lateral distribution of properties. Overtopping followed by rapid incision into the ash-rich pyroclastic flows progressively cleared the canyon, but a bedrock knickpoint near the head of the canyon limited the volume of debris available for transport to about 0.04 km<sup>3</sup> to 0.08 km<sup>3</sup>. Co-deposition of bedrock boulders and lithic-rich sand was followed by rapid deposition with minimal reworking of remobilized pyroclastics. Continued draining of the impounded lake sent hyperconcentrated flows onto the debris fan depositing pumice-rich gravels that graded upward to crystal-rich sands.
基金produced from the responsible author's master's thesis titled“Periglacial geomorphology of Mount Honaz(Denizli)”,prepared at BilecikŞeyh Edebali University,Social Sciences Institute in 2019.
文摘The main aim of this study is to explain periglacial processes on the summits of Mount Honaz(2571 m a.s.l.),define periglacial landforms,and determine the relationships between morphometric features and topographic factors.Mud circles,stony earth circles,non sorted steps,and non sorted stripes were identified on the summits of Mount Honaz.Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)and linear regression analyses were performed by taking metric measurements from 125 periglacial landforms to describe their morphometric features(length,width,height)of periglacial landforms and explain the relationships between them and topographic factors(elevation,slope).To explain the relationships between periglacial landforms and soil properties,soil samples from 11 periglacial landforms were taken and analysed.Periglacial landforms,which continue to develop on the summits of Mount Honaz today,have been evaluated with present climate data.Analysis of soil samples indicates a notable impact of parent material on the genesis of periglacial landforms.The high ratio of organic matter in mud circle and non sorted step landforms and the high lime ratio in stony earth circle landforms prove a strong relationship between the formation mechanisms of landforms and the soil properties.Furthermore,it is consistent with the findings obtained from the analysis that severe periglacial processes and washing and scavenging events are experienced more on the northern slopes.
文摘Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of Mounts Cameroon (MC) and Nyiragongo (MN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of MC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of MN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of MC and MN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At MC and MN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at MC and MN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at MC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at MN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both MC and MN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.
