我国东南丘陵山区土壤肥力的综合评价

土壤肥力是土壤的养分状况以及土壤在供应植物生理所需物质时所处的环境条件这两者的有机结合，本文根据模糊（Ｆｕｚｚｙ）数学和多元数理统计分析原理，建立了一个定量的土壤肥力综合评价方法。首先，利用我国东南丘陵山区的第二次全国土壤普查资料，选取了１１项评价指标，分成两组，并根据其植物效应建立了两类隶属度函数（Ｓ型和抛物线型），分别计算了隶属度值。然后，利用统计分析软件ＳＴＡＴＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＳ进行因子分析，确定各因子的权重。最后，根据加乘法则，求出土壤肥力的综合性评价指标值（ＩＦＩ，ＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙＩｎｄｅｘ）。根据评价结果，采用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）软件ＩＬＷＩＳ绘制了东南丘陵区土壤肥力状况图。从土壤肥力水平与该区粮食、水果产量水平进行比较中，我们找出了存在差距的地区以及引起这些差距的主要因子。结果表明，这一地区土壤肥力大多处于中下水平，高、中、低肥力土壤的面积比例分别为２５．９％、４０．８％和３３．３％。内陆腹地，特别是土壤肥力较高的安徽沿江平原、鄱阳湖平原、湘西武陵山区和广西的河池等地区，土壤肥力资源尚有较大潜力待进一步挖掘，限制本区土壤肥力资源潜力发挥的两个主要因子是土壤侵蚀严重和投入水?

Surface Ozone in Jiuzhaigou National Park, Eastern Rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Located in southwestern China, Jiuzhaigou National Park is one of the most popular tourism destinations in China, famous for its unique aquatic ecosystems and beautiful forests. However, plants in the park may be at high ozone risk as a result of the intensive use of diesel tour buses in the park. In addition, Jiuzhaigou is close to a region with relatively high regional anthropogenic NOn emissions. During the growing season, also the peak season of tourism, we measured ozone concentration at two sites within the Park and these were： Jiuzhaigou Bureau （JB） and Long Lake （LL）. The results indicate that ozone concentrations were not high enough to cause foliar injury during the monitoring period, although the risk of ozone to plants was higher in spring than in summer and autumn. Diurnal ozone cycles at JB and LL displayed significantly higher ozone concentrations in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting photochemical production of ozone during the day and ozone deposition during the night as a result of the nocturnal boundary layer. In parallel with the seasonal change of background surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere, maximum daily 8-h average ozone concentration （MDA8） and daily ozone concentration decreased from spring to autumn at the two sites. This temporal variation in Jiuzhaigou wasmost likely associated with the downward mixing of ozone-rich air from the free troposphere, because all the high-ozone events （MDA8 〉 70.0 ppb） were observed in spring and ozone-rich air from the free troposphere was the dominant cause. In summary, our data suggest that ozone concentrations in Jiuzhaigou were more affected by the regional-scale of background pattern in air quality and meteorological conditions than by local tourist activities.

北京市山区典型生态清洁小流域规划方法探讨

开展北京市山区典型生态清洁小流域水土保持规划编制,是深化山区生态清洁小流域建设的必要举措,对于保护水源、提高小流域的防洪能力等具有重要意义。在全面分析不同类型小流域分布特征的基础上,根据不同的功能定位,筛选出19条典型山区小流域,从规划的指导思想、基本原则以及规划步骤等方面进行分析,制定切实可行的典型生态清洁小流域规划。