Removal of baseline wander from ECG signal based on a statistical weighted moving average filter

Baseline wander is a common noise in electrocardiogram (ECG) results.To effectively correct the baseline and to preserve more underlying components of an ECG signal,we propose a simple and novel filtering method based on a statistical weighted moving average filter.Supposed a and b are theminimum and maximum of all sample values within a moving window,respectively.First,the whole region [a,b] is divided into M equal sub-regions without overlap.Second,three sub-regions with the largest sample distribution probabilities are chosen (except M<3) and incorporated into one region,denoted as [a 0,b 0 ] for simplicity.Third,for every sample point in the moving window,its weight is set to 1 if its value falls in [a 0,b 0 ];otherwise,its weight is 0.Last,all sample points with weight 1 are averaged to estimate the baseline.The algorithm was tested by simulated ECG signal and real ECG signal from www.physionet.org.The results showed that the proposed filter could more effectively extract baseline wander from ECG signal and affect the morphological feature of ECG signal considerably less than both the traditional moving average filter and wavelet package translation did.

Improved Scheme of Internet Congestion Control under Moving Average Filter

An important task of Internet congestion control is inhibiting sporadic data flow to maintain a suitable window size or route queue length. Such a requirement is just consistent with the basic idea and function of a moving average filter. In this paper one prior Internet congestion control model, named transmission control protocol (TCP)/random early detection (RED) stroboscopic model, is studied, and then one new scheme is proposed to enlarge its stable domain, where a simple moving average filter is introduced to inhibit sporadic data flow as possible. In the novel scheme the bifurcation phenomenon is postponed without any extra controller. The effectiveness of the new scheme is verified by theoretical analyses and numerical simulations.

Toward real-time digital pulse process algorithms for CsI(Tl)detector array at external target facility in HIRFL-CSR

A fully digital data acquisition system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA) was developed for a CsI(Tl) array at the external target facility(ETF) in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). To process the CsI(Tl) signals generated by γ-rays and light-charged ions, a scheme for digital pulse processing algorithms is proposed. Every step in the algorithms was benchmarked using standard γ and α sources. The scheme, which included a moving average filter, baseline restoration, leading-edge discrimination, moving window deconvolution, and digital charge comparison, was subsequently implemented on the FPGA. A good energy resolution of 5.7% for 1.33-MeV γ-rays and excellent α-γ identification using the digital charge comparison method were achieved, which satisfies CsI(Tl) array performance requirements.

Comparative analysis of interdecadal precipitation variability over central North China and sub Saharan Africa

The interdecadal variability of precipitation over sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and central North China (CNC) is examined and compared in this study. Previous studies have found that the two regions have similar interdecadal dry–wet evolution in the past 100 years. The results show obvious decadal precipitation fluctuations in the two regions. In CNC, a persistent negative precipitation anomaly is detected from the early 1970s to the 2000s. In SSA, a negative precipitation anomaly is apparent since the late 1970s, while a distinct upward trend is found since the 1990s although the precipitation anomaly is still negative. Significant correlation is found between the decadal precipitation anomalies in SSA and the SST modes (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)), as well as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), while in CNC the decadal precipitation is influenced by the NAO and PDO. The EOF results show that the total explained variance of the first four EOFs in SSA is smaller than that of CNC. The fourth and third modes in SSA are significantly associated with the AMO and PDO respectively, while the first, third, and fourth modes are significantly associated with the NAO. The first mode in CNC is significantly associated with the NAO. The first mode of the precipitation anomaly in SSA fluctuates out of phase with that in CNC, while in-phase changes are apparent among the third and the fourth modes.