New Edge-Directed Interpolation Based-Lifting DWT and MSPIHT Algorithm for Image Compression

The amount of image data generated in multimedia applications is ever increasing. The image compression plays vital role in multimedia applications. The ultimate aim of image compression is to reduce storage space without degrading image quality. Compression is required whenever the data handled is huge they may be required to sent or transmitted and also stored. The New Edge Directed Interpolation (NEDI)-based lifting Discrete Wavelet Transfrom (DWT) scheme with modified Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (MSPIHT) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The NEDI algorithm gives good visual quality image particularly at edges. The main objective of this paper is to be preserving the edges while performing image compression which is a challenging task. The NEDI with lifting DWT has achieved 99.18% energy level in the low frequency ranges which has 1.07% higher than 5/3 Wavelet decomposition and 0.94% higher than traditional DWT. To implement this NEDI with Lifting DWT along with MSPIHT algorithm which gives higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) value and minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) and hence better image quality. The experimental results proved that the proposed method gives better PSNR value (39.40 dB for rate 0.9 bpp without arithmetic coding) and minimum MSE value is 7.4.

Development of Wavelet Image Compression Technique to Particle Image Velocimetry

In Order to reduce the noise in the images and the physical storage, the wavelet-based image compression technique was applied to PIV processing in this paper. To study the effect of the wavelet bases, the standard PIV images were compressed by some known wavelet families, Daubechies, Coifman and Baylkin families with various compression ratios. It was found that a higher order wavelet base provided good compression performance for compressing PIV images. The error analysis of velocity field obtained indicated that the high compression ratio, even up to 64.1, can be realized without losing significant flow information in PIV processing. The wavelet compression technique of PIV was applied to the experimental images of jet flow and showed excellent performance. A reduced number of erroneous vectors can be realized by varying compression ratio. It can say that the wavelet image compression technique is very effective in PIV system.

Improving Reconstructed Image Quality via Hybrid Compression Techniques

Data compression is one of the core fields of study for applications of image and video processing.The raw data to be transmitted consumes large bandwidth and requires huge storage space as a result,it is desirable to represent the information in the data with considerably fewer bits by the mean of data compression techniques,the data must be reconstituted very similarly to the initial form.In this paper,a hybrid compression based on Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),DiscreteWavelet Transform(DWT)is used to enhance the quality of the reconstructed image.These techniques are followed by entropy encoding such as Huffman coding to give additional compression.Huffman coding is optimal prefix code because of its implementation is more simple,faster,and easier than other codes.It needs less execution time and it is the shortest average length and the measurements for analysis are based upon Compression Ratio,Mean Square Error(MSE),and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR).We applied a hybrid algorithm on(DWT–DCT 2×2,4×4,8×8,16×16,32×32)blocks.Finally,we show that by using a hybrid(DWT–DCT)compression technique,the PSNR is reconstructed for the image by using the proposed hybrid algorithm(DWT–DCT 8×8 block)is quite high than DCT.

A LOSSLESS COMPRESSION ALGORITHM OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGE FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS

A simple and adaptive lossless compression algorithm is proposed for remote sensing image compression, which includes integer wavelet transform and the Rice entropy coder. By analyzing the probability distribution of integer wavelet transform coefficients and the characteristics of Rice entropy coder, the divide and rule method is used for high-frequency sub-bands and low-frequency one. High-frequency sub-bands are coded by the Rice entropy coder, and low-frequency coefficients are predicted before coding. The role of predictor is to map the low-frequency coefficients into symbols suitable for the entropy coding. Experimental results show that the average Comprcssion Ratio （CR） of our approach is about two, which is close to that of JPEG 2000. The algorithm is simple and easy to be implemented in hardware. Moreover, it has the merits of adaptability, and independent data packet. So the algorithm can adapt to space lossless compression applications.

A Triple-Channel Encrypted Hybrid Fusion Technique to Improve Security of Medical Images

Assuring medical images protection and robustness is a compulsory necessity nowadays.In this paper,a novel technique is proposed that fuses the wavelet-induced multi-resolution decomposition of the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)with the energy compaction of the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DCT).The multi-level Encryption-based Hybrid Fusion Technique(EbhFT)aims to achieve great advances in terms of imperceptibility and security of medical images.A DWT disintegrated sub-band of a cover image is reformed simultaneously using the DCT transform.Afterwards,a 64-bit hex key is employed to encrypt the host image as well as participate in the second key creation process to encode the watermark.Lastly,a PN-sequence key is formed along with a supplementary key in the third layer of the EbHFT.Thus,the watermarked image is generated by enclosing both keys into DWT and DCT coefficients.The fusions ability of the proposed EbHFT technique makes the best use of the distinct privileges of using both DWT and DCT methods.In order to validate the proposed technique,a standard dataset of medical images is used.Simulation results show higher performance of the visual quality(i.e.,57.65)for the watermarked forms of all types of medical images.In addition,EbHFT robustness outperforms an existing scheme tested for the same dataset in terms of Normalized Correlation(NC).Finally,extra protection for digital images from against illegal replicating and unapproved tampering using the proposed technique.

Wavelet-Based Mixed-Resolution Coding Approach Incorporating with SPT for the Stereo Image

With the advances of display technology, three-dimensional(3-D) imaging systems are becoming increasingly popular. One way of stimulating 3-D perception is to use stereo pairs, a pair of images of the same scene acquired from different perspectives. Since there is an inherent redundancy between the images of a stereo pairs, data compression algorithms should be employed to represent stereo pairs efficiently. The proposed techniques generally use block-based disparity compensation. In order to get the higher compression ratio, this paper employs the wavelet-based mixed-resolution coding technique to incorporate with SPT-based disparity-compensation to compress the stereo image data. The mixed-resolution coding is a perceptually justified technique that is achieved by presenting one eye with a low-resolution image and the other with a high-resolution image. Psychophysical experiments show that the stereo image pairs with one high-resolution image and one low-resolution image provide almost the same stereo depth to that of a stereo image with two high-resolution images. By combining the mixed-resolution coding and SPT-based disparity-compensation techniques, one reference (left) high-resolution image can be compressed by a hierarchical wavelet transform followed by vector quantization and Huffman encoder. After two level wavelet decompositions, for the low-resolution right image and low-resolution left image, subspace projection technique using the fixed block size disparity compensation estimation is used. At the decoder, the low-resolution right subimage is estimated using the disparity from the low-resolution left subimage. A full-size reconstruction is obtained by upsampling a factor of 4 and reconstructing with the synthesis low pass filter. Finally, experimental results are presented, which show that our scheme achieves a PSNR gain (about 0.92dB) as compared to the current block-based disparity compensation coding techniques.

Wavelet-based gray-level digital image watermarking

The watermarking technique has been proposed as a method by hiding secret information into the image to protect the copyright of multimedia data. But most previous work focuses on the algorithms of embedding one dimensional watermarks or two dimensional binary digital watermarks. In this paper, a wavelet based method for embedding a gray level digital watermark into an image is proposed. By still image decomposition technique, a gray level digital watermark is decompounded into a series of bitplanes. By discrete wavelet transform ( DWT ), the host image is decomposed into multiresolution representations with hierarchical structure. The different bitplanes of the gray level watermark is embedded into the corresponding resolution of the decomposed host image. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques can successfully survive image processing operations and the lossy compression techniques such as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).

A New Quality Improving Scheme for VQ Decompressed Images Based on DWT

The better compression rate can be achieved by the traditional vector quantization （VQ） method, and the quality of the recovered image can also be accepted. But the decompressed image quality can not be promoted efficiently, so how to balance the image compression rate and image recovering quality is an important issue, in this paper, an image is transformed by discrete wavelet transform （DWT） to generate its DWT transformed image which can be compressed by the VQ method further. Besides, we compute the values between the DWT transformed image and decompressed DWT transformed image as the difference matrix which is the adjustable basis of the decompressed image quality. By controlling the deviation of the difference matrix, there can be nearly Iossless compression for the VQ method. Experimental results show that when the number of compressed bits by our method is equal to the number of those bits compressed by the VQ method, the quality of our recovered image is better. Moreover, the proposed method has more compression capability comparing with the VQ scheme.

Robust Image Watermarking Using LWT and Stochastic Gradient Firefly Algorithm

Watermarking of digital images is required in diversified applicationsranging from medical imaging to commercial images used over the web.Usually, the copyright information is embossed over the image in the form ofa logo at the corner or diagonal text in the background. However, this formof visible watermarking is not suitable for a large class of applications. In allsuch cases, a hidden watermark is embedded inside the original image as proofof ownership. A large number of techniques and algorithms are proposedby researchers for invisible watermarking. In this paper, we focus on issuesthat are critical for security aspects in the most common domains like digitalphotography copyrighting, online image stores, etc. The requirements of thisclass of application include robustness (resistance to attack), blindness (directextraction without original image), high embedding capacity, high Peak Signalto Noise Ratio (PSNR), and high Structural Similarity Matrix (SSIM). Mostof these requirements are conflicting, which means that an attempt to maximizeone requirement harms the other. In this paper, a blind type of imagewatermarking scheme is proposed using Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT)as the baseline. Using this technique, custom binary watermarks in the formof a binary string can be embedded. Hu’s Invariant moments’ coefficientsare used as a key to extract the watermark. A Stochastic variant of theFirefly algorithm (FA) is used for the optimization of the technique. Undera prespecified size of embedding data, high PSNR and SSIM are obtainedusing the Stochastic Gradient variant of the Firefly technique. The simulationis done using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) tool and it is shown that theproposed technique outperforms the benchmark techniques of watermarkingconsidering PSNR and SSIM as quality metrics.

Compression of ECG Signals Based on DWT and Exploiting the Correlation between ECG Signal Samples

This paper presents a hybrid technique for the compression of ECG signals based on DWT and exploiting the correlation between signal samples. It incorporates Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), and run-length coding techniques for the compression of different parts of the signal;where lossless compression is adopted in clinically relevant parts and lossy compression is used in those parts that are not clinically relevant. The proposed compression algorithm begins by segmenting the ECG signal into its main components (P-waves, QRS-complexes, T-waves, U-waves and the isoelectric waves). The resulting waves are grouped into Region of Interest (RoI) and Non Region of Interest (NonRoI) parts. Consequently, lossless and lossy compression schemes are applied to the RoI and NonRoI parts respectively. Ideally we would like to compress the signal losslessly, but in many applications this is not an option. Thus, given a fixed bit budget, it makes sense to spend more bits to represent those parts of the signal that belong to a specific RoI and, thus, reconstruct them with higher fidelity, while allowing other parts to suffer larger distortion. For this purpose, the correlation between the successive samples of the RoI part is utilized by adopting DPCM approach. However the NonRoI part is compressed using DWT, thresholding and coding techniques. The wavelet transformation is used for concentrating the signal energy into a small number of transform coefficients. Compression is then achieved by selecting a subset of the most relevant coefficients which afterwards are efficiently coded. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate thresholding based on energy packing efficiency strategy, coding of DWT coefficients and data packetizing. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested in terms of the compression ratio and the PRD distortion metrics for the compression of 10 seconds of data extracted from records 100 and 117 of MIT-BIH database. The obtained results revealed that the proposed technique possesses higher compression ratios and lower PRD compared to the other wavelet transformation techniques. The principal advantages of the proposed approach are: 1) the deployment of different compression schemes to compress different ECG parts to reduce the correlation between consecutive signal samples;and 2) getting high compression ratios with acceptable reconstruction signal quality compared to the recently published results.

MrSID技术在物探生产中的应用

本文介绍了基于离散小波变换的多分辨率无缝影像数据库———MrSID(Multi-resolution Seamless Image Data-base),列举了MrSID技术的特点及其在GIS中应用的优势,探讨MrSID技术在物探生产中的应用情况及其应用发展前景。

离散小波变换图像压缩技术综述

1.引言 自从1984年"小波"这一概念诞生以来,小波及多分辨分析理论和应用得到了迅猛发展.特别是在图像压缩领域,由于离散小波及多分辨分析与子带编码的天然联系,以及离散小波变换本身具有的良好去相关特性,使之逐渐成为图像压缩中的主流变换.例如:在最新推出的JPEG2000静态图像压缩国际标准中,已采纳离散小波变换作为标准的像素去相关变换.在最新的MPEG4视频图像压缩国际标准中,也大力推荐采用离散小波变换.

基于DCT变换的图像融合方法研究

提出了一种基于离散余弦变换（DCT）以及一种结合小波变换与DCT变换的图像融合新方法。前者将源图像进行分块DCT变换，依据DCT系数的高频能量，对源图像的对应区域进行融合。后者利用DCT系数的高频能量对小波分解后得到的低频予幽进行融合，同时以此为依据对小波最高分解层的小波高频系数进行选择，其他分解层的小波高频系数依据最大局部方差准则进行融合。依照平均误差、峰值信噪比以及均方根误差等客观评价标准，将新方法与其他常用的基于小波变换或DCT变换的融合方法进行了比较。实验结果表明，结合小波变换与DCT变换的图像融合新方法获得的融合效果优于其他方法。该疗法与常用的基于小波变换的融合方法相比，其平均误差减少了40．8％～69．5％，峰值信噪比提高了9．9％～15．6％，均方根误差减少了34．8％～47．5％，评价结果与日视效果相吻合，表明该方法能有效地提高图像融合的质量。基于DCT变换的图像融合新方法的融合效果仅次于结合小波变换与DCT变换的图像融合新方法且其计算量相对较少，适用于实时处理。

DCT域遥感影像融合算法

提出一种基于离散余弦变换(Discrete Cosine Transform,DCT)与IHS变换的多光谱与全色遥感影像融合方法及其改进算法。本文方法依据DCT系数的特点在DCT域进行遥感影像融合,适合压缩格式的遥感影像快速融合。目视效果与客观评价表明,相比常用遥感影像融合方法,本文方法能在提高空间分辨率与保持光谱特性之间得到更好的折衷。

压缩感知重构算法在“鬼”成像中的应用研究

"鬼"成像(GI)提供了一种用常规手段很难达到的特殊的获取图像方法,在量子光学领域是近些年来的前沿和热点之一。本文中,主要研究压缩感知(CS)的重构算法在"鬼"成像中的应用。我们使用具有高斯分布的热光源强度分布,来作为压缩感知的测量矩阵,分别以离散余弦变换(DCT)和离散小波变换(DWT)作为压缩感知中图像物体的稀疏矩阵,利用正交匹配追踪算法,最终获得基于压缩感知重构算法的"鬼"成像。研究结果表明,压缩比为0.5时,基于离散余弦变换基的压缩"鬼"成像(DCT-CS)和基于小波变换基的压缩"鬼"成像(DWT-CS),比"鬼"成像原始重建算法有超过10dB的峰值信噪比提升;同时,基于DCT-CS算法的重建质量要优于DWT-CS算法。

17/11双正交小波的优化设计及其对图像压缩性能的分析

许多适合于图像编码的小波,如CDF-9/7,Winger-17/11(W-17/11),Villasenor-6/10和10/18(V-6/10和V-10/18)小波,其滤波器系数是无理数,需要用无限的计算精度实现对应的离散小波变换(DWT)。该文给出了一种参数化构造17/11双正交小波组的简便方法:首先把小波合成滤波器表示为用两个自由参数表达的三角多项式,然后把双正交小波的精确重构条件归结为一个线性方程组,最后求解此方程组得到对应的小波分解滤波器,从而得到了17/11双正交小波滤波器的参数表达式。通过调整表达式中的自由参数,可以随意构造具有所需特征的17/11线性相位小波滤波器。作为构造实例,构造出一种新的有理系数17/11双正交小波滤波器,它具有优化的编码增益。实验表明:其压缩性能与W-17/11和V-10/18小波滤波器相当,优于CDF-9/7和V-6/10小波滤波器。

ECW压缩技术在高分辨率遥感图像压缩与分发中的应用

在遥感数字化图像分发与处理中,普通城市的高分辨率遥感镶嵌图超过几十GB的数据量,超大的数据量给图像数据的浏览和网络发布带来了时间和网络资源上的巨大损失。ECW压缩技术作为一种基于小波的图像压缩开放标准,提供了最先进的大型/超大型图像压缩技术。对ECW压缩技术进行研究,并利用其提供的开放压缩库(SDK)开发遥感图像压缩专用程序,配合遥感图像的网络服务(IWS),提出了一种新的影像发布和浏览体系结构,并实现了其原型系统,在城市QuickBird遥感图像压缩以及分发上得到了一定的应用。

基于小波变换的医学图像压缩方法

简要说明离散小波变换（ＤＷＴ）的Ｍａｌａｔ算法·分析了一维离散小波变换ＤＷＴ不能完全重构信号的原因·对二维离散小波变换ＤＷＴ的重构性进行了讨论·在此基础上提出改进型的Ｍａｌａｔ二维ＤＷＴ算法·压缩实验表明改进型的Ｍａｌａｔ二维ＤＷＴ算法对提高图像压缩及重建质量是有效的·

基于压缩域的图象检索技术研究进展

压缩标准的出现 ,使得图象数据格式普遍为压缩格式 ,从而促进了压缩域内图象检索技术的迅速发展 .为了使人们对基于压缩域的图象检索技术有一概括了解 ,该文对目前的压缩域检索技术进行了回顾和讨论 :首先 ,介绍了图象检索系统的基本概念 ;然后 ,分类分析了不同压缩域的检索技术 ,包括变换域方法 (如傅立叶变换、离散余弦变换 (DCT)以及子带和小波变换 )和空域方法 (如矢量量化和分形等 ) ;接着 ,对这些检索方法进行了讨论和比较 ,并得出一些有用的结论 ;还举例介绍了基于压缩域图象检索技术的实际应用 ;最后对压缩域图象检索技术的研究发展及其应用前景指出了一些可能的方向 .

基于混沌Gyrator变换与离散小波变换的多图像光学同步加密算法

为了实现对多幅图像的同步加密,并改善密文的安全性,提出了基于混沌Gyrator变换与离散小波变换的多图像光学同步加密算法。首先,引入离散小波变换(DWT),对多幅明文实施分解,得到各自对应的低频与高频系数;再将所有明文的高频、低频信息分别组合为对应的映射图像;利用压缩感知(CS)方法,将高频映射图像分割为2个矩阵;借助复数理论,将其中一个矩阵与低频映射图像组合成复数图像;基于混沌Gyrator变换,对复数图像完成光学调制,得到对应的频谱;随后,采用相位截断操作来处理Gyrator频谱,获取幅度信息,并将其作为虚数,联合第二个感知矩阵,得到新的幅度复数图像;利用不同角度的Gyrator变换和新的调制掩码,通过光电装置,对幅度复数图像进行干涉,得到对应的Gyrator频谱。基于相位截断操作,保留Gyrator频谱的幅度成分,将其作为加密密文。实验结果显示,所提算法可以较好地完成多图像的同步加密,较其他光学加密技术而言,且其输出的密文具备更好的安全性。