Effect of Kunlun Ms 8.1 earthquake on crustal deformation in northeastern edge region of Qinghal-Tibet plateau

Seismic fault parameters can be inversed with Okada model based on deformation data before and after earthquakes in focal region and its adjacent area. Co-seismic displacements can be simulated by using these parameters,and then regional velocity field obtained by deducting the co-seismic displacements from the observed displacements by GPS method. We processed and analyzed the data in the northeastern edge region of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau observed during 2001 -2003 in two steps： firstly, the displacements generated by Kunlun MsS. 1 earthquake of 2001 in this region was simulated, and secondly, deducted the co-seismic displacements from it and obtained the horizontal crustal velocity field. The results reveal ： 1 ） the effect of Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake on crustal deformation in this region is significant; 2 ）the velocity field obtained with this method is better than the original GPS velocity field in reflecting the status of regional crustal movement and strain.

2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震自发破裂过程数值模拟研究

2001年11月14日,青藏高原的东昆仑断裂带发生昆仑山口西MS8.1地震,现场考察和破裂过程反演结果表明这是一次破裂过程非常复杂的走滑地震事件.研究这次地震的自发破裂过程,对于认识大陆型特大地震的发生机理具有重要意义.本文利用曲线网格有限差分法对2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震的动力学破裂过程进行研究.首先建立能反映这次地震主要特征的三维非平面断层模型,并以地质考察、以及根据GPS和InSAR观测数据、远场地震记录得到的反演结果为约束,通过数值模拟重现了这次地震破裂过程的主要特征.在此基础上,进一步讨论了背景应力场、断层几何、摩擦系数对断层面滑移量分布、震源时间函数、破裂传播速度的影响.研究结果表明,昆仑山口西MS8.1地震发展成为具有超长破裂尺度的大型地震的重要原因可能是:青藏高原最大水平主压应力方向沿东向的顺时针旋转特征和断层面较低的动摩擦系数.并且沿昆仑山口西地震断层面的动摩擦系数可能是非均匀的,由此产生了沿断层走向复杂变化的应力降,从而导致超剪切破裂的发生,并控制了断层面滑移量分布.

Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

Deep tectonics and seismogenic mechanisms of the seismic source zone of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake on December 18,2023,at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

On December 18,2023,an M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan,Gansu Province,China.This earthquake happened in the eastern region of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,which is situated at the forefront of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau(i.e.,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),encompassing a rhombic-shaped area that intersects the Qilian-Qaidam Basin,Alxa Block,Ordos Block,and South China Block.In this study,we analyzed the deep tectonic pattern of the Jishishan earthquake by incorporating data on the crustal thickness,velocity structure,global navigation satellite system(GNSS)strain field,and anisotropy.We discovered that the location of the earthquake was related to changes in the crustal structure.The results showed that the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in a unique position,with rapid changes in the crustal thickness,Vp/Vs,phase velocity,and S-wave velocity.The epicenter of the earthquake was situated at the transition zone between high and low velocities and was in proximity to a low-velocity region.Additionally,the source area is flanked by two high-velocity anomalies from the east and west.The principal compressive strain orientation near the Lajishan Fault is primarily in the NNE and NE directions,which align with the principal compressive stress direction in this region.In some areas of the Lajishan Fault,the principal compressive strain orientations show the NNW direction,consistent with the direction of the upper crustal fast-wave polarization from local earthquakes and the phase velocity azimuthal anisotropy.These features underscore the relationship between the occurrence of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake and the deep inhomogeneous structure and deep tectonic characteristics.The NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau was thickened by crustal extension in the process of northeastward expansion,and the middle and lower crustal materials underwent structural deformation and may have been filled with salt-containing fluids during the extension process.The presence of this weak layer makes it easier for strong earthquakes to occur through the release of overlying rigid crustal stresses.However,it is unlikely that an earthquake of comparable or larger magnitude would occur in the short term(e.g.,in one year)at the Jishishan east margin fault.

Research on the Extraction of OLR Anomaly Prior to Ms 7.5 Sand Point,Alaska Earthquake based on IPI Method

Based on the understanding that the seismic fault system is a nonlinear complex system,Rundle(1995)introduced the nonlinear threshold system used in meteorology to analyze the ocean-atmosphere interface and the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation into the study of seismic activity changes,and then proposed the PI method(Rundle et al.,2000a,b).Wu et al.(2011)modified the Pattern Informatics Method named MPI to extract the ionospheric anomaly by using data from DEMETER satellites which is suitable for 1–3 months short-term prediction.

Comparison of engineering failures and seismic responses of 500 kV transformer-bushing systems in the 2022 Luding earthquake

Cemented and mechanically clamped types of end fittings(fitting-C and fitting-M)are commonly used in transformer bushings.During the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake that occurred in China on September 5,2022,all transformer bushings with the two types of end fittings in a 500 kV substation were damaged.Post-earthquake field investigations were conducted,and the failures of the two types of bushings were compared.Two elementary simulation models of the transformer-bushing systems were developed to simulate the engineering failures,and further compute their seismic responses for comparison.The results indicate that the hitch lugs of the connection flange are structurally harmful to seismic resistance.Fitting-M can decrease the bending stiffness of the bushing due to the flexible sealing rubber gasket.Since it provides a more flexible connection that dissipates energy,the peak accelerations and relative displacements at the top of the bushing are significantly lower than those of the bushing with fitting-C.Compared with fitting-C,fitting-M transfers the high-stress areas from the connection flange to the root of the porcelain,so the latter becomes the most vulnerable component.Fitting-M increases the failure risk of the low-strength porcelain,indicating the unsuitability of applying it in high-intensity fortification regions.

Study on the Physical Process and Seismogenic Mechanism of the Yangbi MS 6.4 Earthquake in Dali,Yunnan Province

The Ms 6.4 earthquake occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi County,Dali Prefecture,Yunnan Province,which was the largest earthquake after the 2014 Jinggu Ms 6.6 earthquake,in western Yunnan.After the earthquake,the rapid field investigation and earthquake relocation reveal that there was no obvious surface rupture and the earthquake did not occur on pre-existing active fault,but on a buried fault on the west side of Weixi–Qiaohou–Weishan fault zone in the eastern boundary of Baoshan sub-block.Significant foreshocks appeared three days before the earthquake.These phenomena aroused scholars'intensive attention.What the physical process and seismogenic mechanism of the Yangbi Ms 6.4 earthquake are revealed by the foreshocks and aftershocks?These scientific questions need to be solved urgently.

2023年甘肃积石山Ms6.2级地震震害异常的启示

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生Ms6.2(Mw5.9)级地震,震源深度10 km。此次地震造成大量的人员伤亡、房屋倒塌和地质灾害。为了对该次地震的震害有初步认识,基于已有文献资料、高精度遥感数据和野外调查数据,本文尝试对该次地震的灾害特征展开分析。结果表明:该次地震为逆冲型事件,发震断裂为拉脊山北缘断裂东段;震源浅叠加松散覆盖层产生了明显的地震波放大效应,使得极震区的地面运动峰值加速度(PGA)异常高,强震动使得房屋大量倒塌;而位于断裂上盘的积石山崩塌及滑坡地质灾害相对不发育,仅在黄土覆盖的官亭盆地产生了数百处小型滑坡和中川乡一处较大规模的地震液化滑坡泥流。

2023年积石山Ms6.2级地震同震地质灾害初步分析

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生Ms6.2级地震,触发了大量同震地质灾害,亟需查明同震地质灾害的基本特征、发育分布规律和成因机制,为震后恢复重建与地质灾害防治提供支撑。本文基于多源高分辨率遥感解译和已有研究成果对比分析,初步揭示了此次地震地质灾害的基本特征和发育分布规律,并探讨了草滩村液化滑坡—泥流的成因机制。结果表明:此次地震Ⅶ度及以上烈度区内共发育1 535处同震地质灾害,主要为中小规模黄土滑坡和浅表层岩质崩塌,集中分布于黄土梁和黄土塬内冲沟两侧、单薄黄土梁两侧以及大型历史滑坡后壁等局部地形较陡峭的部位。地震因素控制了同震地质灾害的区域分布规律,而地形因素控制了同震地质灾害的局部分布规律。同震地质灾害在0.1~0.3 g震峰值加速度区域、发震断层下盘区域、南东坡向、30~60 m坡高范围、斜坡中部以上20~40 m范围分布数量最多。受广泛关注的草滩村“砂涌”灾害本质是饱水黄土在地震作用下发生的液化滑坡。2016年完成的填沟造地工程改变了滑源区地表和地下水流通条件,地下水通道被堵塞,导致地下水位抬升和下部土体饱和可能是该处发生液化滑坡的重要原因。

2022年9月5日四川泸定MS6.8地震序列特征及发震构造

2022年9月5日发生的泸定MS6.8地震是鲜水河断裂周边近六年来规模最大的破坏性地震,其对于分析川滇块体东边界潜在的强震活动具有重要的指示意义.本研究采用双差定位技术对2009年1月1日至2022年9月27日在泸定震源区发生的11103次地震进行了精确定位,利用波形拟合技术反演了主震(MS6.8)、12次震级大于或等于3.0的余震以及贡嘎山附近两次震级大于或等于5.0的强震的震源机制解.结合序列b值结果,对泸定地震序列的特征和发震构造进行了分析研究.研究结果表明,泸定MS6.8地震的发震断层为磨西断裂,主震及其余震发生在黑沟—燕子沟镇—田湾段.这次地震填补了磨西断裂段稀疏地震活动的空白区域,发震断层段大致长度约为40 km,走向大致为160°,呈基本直立状态.序列地震以左旋走滑型为主要错动类型.自2009年以来,泸定MS6.8地震主震西侧贡嘎山附近持续发生地震活动,尤其是2015年该区域出现了显著的地震活动集中现象.主震后,贡嘎山附近的浅源地震活动非常活跃,以拉张破裂为主要特征.需要注意的是,这些浅源地震活动属于触发活动,与磨西断裂带的地震活动不同.b值分析结果显示,磨西断裂带南东段湾东村至田湾的b值较低,约为0.5左右;而北西段湾东村至黑沟的b值较高,处于0.8~1.0之间.这表明磨西断裂带上的应力具有明显的分段特征,能量主要在燕子沟至田湾高应力集中段释放.

积石山Ms6.2级和泸定Ms6.8级地震地质灾害发育规律对比

2023年积石山Ms6.2级地震是继2022年泸定Ms6.8级地震后在青藏高原东缘—东北缘地区发生的又一次强震事件。2次地震均诱发大量地震地质灾害,但由于发震断层类型、地质和地貌等条件的差异,2次地震地质灾害发育分布规律呈现显著的差异性。为揭示不同震区地震地质灾害发育规律,本研究采用地面调查、遥感解译和空间叠加统计等方法,对比分析了积石山和泸定地震地质灾害发育分布特征和控灾因子。结果表明:断层类型控制了同震地质灾害的发育优势坡向和垂向空间展布,即“背向坡效应”和“上下盘效应”;地貌条件是影响同震地质空间分布的主要因子,即川西高山峡谷地貌中“线状”分布和陇西黄土地貌中“面状”分布;特殊土体类型、气候、植被覆盖等差异性是同震地质灾害调查与应急处置中需要重点关注的因子。本次研究可为不同断层类型和不同地貌区同震地质灾害重点防范区范围划定、趋势预测和灾后重建提供科学参考。

Is the September 5,2022,Luding MS6.8 earthquake an‘unexpected’event?

After the September 5,2022(Beijing time).Luding Ms6.8 earthquake(29.59°N.102.08°E.depth 16 km.according to the initial determination by the China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC)).field investigation was carried out by the China Earthquake Administration(CEA).which associated the earthquake to the Moxi segment on the south part of the Xianshuihe fault system.This segment,with horizontal slip rate 5-10 mm/a.locates in the convergent part among the Xianshuihe fault.

Distribution patterns of landslides triggered by the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,Sichuan,China

At 12:52 pm on September 5,2022,an Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County,Sichuan Province,China.Based on high-resolution aerial photographs and satellite imageries obtained after the earthquake,as well as field investigation,a total of 8685 earthquake-triggered landslides(EQTLs)were interpreted.The landslides covered an area of 30.7km^(2),with a source area of 9.4 km^(2).These EQTLs were mainly distributed in areas with a seismic intensity of VIII and IX.Most of the landslides were small and medium in size,and their types included landslide,rockfall,and rock slump.Characteristic landslide distributions were found,EQTLs were distributed along the Xianshuihe fault,landslide area decreased gradually with an increased distance to the fault;EQTLs were distributed along the Daduhe River and roads;besides,landslide distribution was associated with ground deformation caused by the earthquake.EQTLs’characteristics indicated that,a large number of EQTLs were located near the foot of the slope;the full area of EQTLs and their source area followed a power function.This study concluded that Luding EQTLs were greater in number and area but relatively smaller in terms of affected area.Investigations on geo-hazards post-earthquake and risk assessment were proposed in the earthquake-stricken area to support the rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with MS=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001

Based on the analysis of coseismic deformation in the macroscopic epicentral region extracted by Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR), and combined with the seismic activity, focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake and field investigation, the characteristic of coseismic deformation of MS=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001 was researched. The study shows that its epicenter lies in the northeast side of Hoh Sai Hu; and the seismogenic fault in the macroscopic epicentral region can be divided into two central deformation fields: the west and east segments with the lengths of 42 km and 48 km, respectively. The whole fault extends about 90 km. From the distribution of interferometry fringes, the characteristic of sinistral strike slip of seismogenic fault can be identified clearly. The deformations on both sides of the fault are different with an obviously higher value on the south side. In the vicinity of macroscopic epicenter, the maximum displacement in look direction is about 288.4 cm and the minimum is 224.0 cm; the maximum sinistral horizontal dislocation of seismogenic fault near the macroscopic epicenter is 738.1 cm and the minimum is 551.8 cm.

Simulating the strong ground motion of the 2022 MS6.8 Luding,Sichuan,China Earthquake

Stochastic finite-fault simulations are effective for simulating ground motions and are widely used in engineering to determine the impacts of ground motion and develop relevant predictive equations.In this study,the source,path,and site amplification coefficient of western Sichuan Province,China,and stochastic finite-fault simulations were used to simulate the acceleration time series,Fourier amplitude spectra,and 5%damped response spectra of 28 strong-motion stations with rupture distances within 300 km of the 2022 MS6.8 Luding earthquake.The simulation results of 14 stations at rupture distances of 45-185 km match the observation.However,the simulation results of 3 near-and 6 far-field stations at rupture distances of 12-36 km and 222-286 km,respectively,were obviously deviated from the observations.Simulation results of the near-field stations are larger than the observations at high frequencies(>6 Hz).The discrepancy likely comes from the nonlinear site effect of near-field stations,which reduced the site amplification at high frequencies.Simulation result of the far-field stations is smaller than the observation at frequencies above 1 Hz.As these stations are located close to the Longmenshan Fault Zone(LFZ),thus,we obtained a new quality factor(Q)from data of historical events and stations located around LFZ.Using the new Q value,the discrepancies of the high-frequency simulation results of the far-field stations were corrected.This result indicated that the laterally varying Q values can be used to address the impact of strong crustal lateral heterogeneity on simulation.

甘肃积石山Ms 6.2级地震的同震地质灾害基本特征及风险防控建议

2023年12月18日甘肃省临夏州积石山县发生Ms6.2级地震,引发了大量地质灾害,威胁人民生命与基础设施的安全。地震后,甘肃、青海两省迅速开展地质灾害隐患核查,文章基于这次地震地质灾害调查成果,对积石山地震诱发地质灾害的特征、控制因素、发展趋势进行了分析,提出防灾减灾措施建议。截至12月23日,共核查隐患点2044处,包括78处新增地质灾害隐患、88处地震加剧变形的在库隐患点和1878处无明显变形的在库隐患点。新增和变形加剧的隐患点数量以崩塌居多,占67.5%,滑坡次之,占31.9%;规模等级以小型居多,占84.9%,中型次之,占10.8%;成灾模式多为小型崩塌威胁房屋和道路。同震地质灾害密集分布于发震断层附近,发育密度随地震烈度增强而增大。国家地质安全监测台网震中50 km范围内206组加速度计数据显示,震区峰值加速度为30.4~1969.7 mg,并随与震中距离的增大呈对数衰减。此外,地表变形监测设备也记录了典型滑坡的同震位移曲线。分析认为,积石山地震地质灾害后效应与链式致灾效应将增强,建议尽快更新震区地质灾害隐患点数据库,有针对性地实施风险防控措施,深入开展综合遥感监测与同震地质灾害机理研究,完善气象预警模型及阈值,有效降低地质灾害风险。

The MW5.5 earthquake on August 6,2023,in Pingyuan,Shandong,China:A rupture on a buried fault

On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no active fault had been previously identified.This study collects 1309 P-wave arrival times and 866 S-wave arrival times from 74 seismic stations less than 200 km to the epicenter to constrain the spatial distribution of the mainshock and its 125 early aftershocks by the double difference earthquake relocation method,and selects 864 P-waveforms from 288 stations located within 800 km of the epicenter to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock through centroid moment tensor inversion.The relocation and the inversion indicate,the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake was caused by a rupture on a buried fault,likely an extensive segment of the Gaotang fault.This buried fault exhibited a dip of approximately 75°to the northwest,with a strike of 222°,similar to the Gaotang fault.The rupture initiated at the depth of 18.6 km and propagated upward and northeastward.However,the ground surface was not broken.The total duration of the rupture was~6.0 s,releasing the scalar moment of 2.5895×1017 N·m,equivalent to MW5.54.The moment rate reached the maximum only 1.4 seconds after the rupture initiation,and the 90%scalar moment was released in the first 4.6 s.In the first 1.4 seconds of the rupture process,the rupture velocity was estimated to be 2.6 km/s,slower than the local S-wave velocity.As the rupture neared its end,the rupture velocity decreased significantly.This study provides valuable insights into the seismic characteristics of the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake,shedding light on the previously unidentified buried fault responsible for the seismic activity in the region.Understanding the behavior of such faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and enhancing earthquake preparedness in the future.

Rapid report of source parameters of 2023 M6.2 Jishishan,Gansu earthquake sequence

The M6.2 earthquake in Jishishan,Gansu Province,on December 18,2023,caused extraordinary earthquake disasters.It was located in the northern part of the north−south seismic zone,which is a key area for earthquake monitoring in China.The newly built dense strong motion stations in this area provide unprecedented conditions for high-precision earthquake relocation,especially the earthquake focal depth.This paper uses the newly built strong motion and traditional broadband seismic networks to relocate the source locations of the M3.0 and above aftershocks and to invert their focal mechanisms.The horizontal error of earthquake location is estimated to be 0.5−1 km,and the vertical error is 1−2 km.The focal depth range of aftershocks is 9.6−14.6 km,distributed in a 12-km-long strip with SSE direction.Aftershocks in the south are more concentrated horizontally and vertically,while aftershocks in the north are more scattered.The focal mechanisms of the main shock and aftershocks are relatively consistent,and the P-axis orientation is consistent with the regional strain direction.There is a seismic blank area of M3.0 and above,about 3−5 km between the main shock and aftershocks.It is suggested that the energy released by the main shock rupture is concentrated in this area.Based on the earthquake location and focal mechanism of the main shock,it is inferred that the Northern Lajishan fault zone is the seismogenic structure of the main shock,and the main shock did not occur on the main fault,but on a secondary fault.The initial rupture depth and centroid depth of the main shock were 12.8 and 14.0 km,respectively.The source rupture depth may not be the main reason for the severe earthquake disaster.

2023年积石山Ms6.2级地震InSAR同震形变探测与断层滑动分布反演

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生了Ms6.2级地震,地震灾害损失显著高于同震级地震,查明其同震形变场与断层滑动分布特征,有助于揭示此次地震灾害损失严重的原因。利用Sentinel-1卫星升、降轨雷达影像,采用合成孔径雷达干涉技术获取了本次地震的同震形变场,进而基于Okada弹性位错模型,确定了本次地震的震源参数,并基于分布式滑动模型反演了本次地震断层面上的滑动分布。结果表明,积石山地震为逆冲型地震,升、降轨同震形变场沿视线向最大形变量分别为7.1 cm和7.8 cm,断层最大滑动量为0.31 m,主要集中在地下0~8 km。与2019年6月17日四川长宁Ms 6.0级地震对比发现,长宁地震地表最大形变量为8 cm,断层最大滑动量为0.38 m,均大于积石山地震,推测积石山地震灾害损失严重的主要原因为震区居民房屋相对集中、房屋抗震性能差和黄土区场地地震波放大效应等。

Vertical deformation before and after the 2022 Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake and analysis of earthquake precursors

This study analyzed the vertical deformation before and after the 2022 Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake in Qinghai Province,China,using leveling profiles across faults measured from Minle County in Gansu Province to Menyuan County in Qinghai Province.Our results suggest the following:(1)The amplitude of regional vertical differential motion near the Sunna-Qilian and Lenglongling faults within the Qilian Shan increased before the 2022 Menyuan earthquake.It was accompanied by the emergence of high gradient deformation zones.Deformation at the Tongziba cross-fault leveling site near the Sunan-Qilian fault was considerable.In contrast,deformation at the Daliang cross-fault leveling site near the stepover region(adjacent to the epicenter)between the Lenglongling and Tuolaishan faults was minor.After 2018,vertical deformation at the Tongziba site notably accelerated,while that at the Daliang site was insignificant.(2)After the 2022 Menyuan earthquake,140—150 mm of subsidence deformation occurred near the Daliang site,while the Tongziba site did not experience significant deformation.(3)Vertical deformation before and after the 2022 Menyuan earthquake conforms with the elastic-rebound theory,and the evolution of pre-earthquake deformation was consistent with the strike-slip fault deformation pattern at different seismogenic stages,i.e.,the relative motion near the locked fault in the late seismogenic stage gradually weakened.The characteristics of strain accumulation and release derived from the vertical deformation before and after the Menyuan MS6.9 earthquake help understand the deformation process of earthquake preparation and earthquake precursors.