Anomalous variations in ionospheric TEC prior to the 2011 Japan Ms9.0 earthquake

The ionospheric total-electron-content （IGS） network and the VTEC data from the GPS （TEC） data provided by the International GNSS Service reference stations of Crustal Movement Observational Network of China（CMONC） were processed and statistically analyzed to search for earthquake-related TEC anomalies prior to the 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan. Preliminary results showed that anomalous variations oc- curred 6 - 11 days and 0 - 4 days prior to the earthquake. After considering solar activity, geomagnetic condi- tions, and proximity in space and time to the earthquake, we tentatively concluded that the anomalous increase on March 5 may be related to the earthquake.

Pre-seismic and Co-seismic Crustal Movements of the M 7.3 Kyushu Earthquake on April 16,2016 in Japan

The time series of coordinates of a large number of GPS stations in the world,processed by Prof. Geoffrey Blewitt with GIPSY software are available at http://geodesy. unr. edu.Based on the time series of coordinates in the global reference frame of IGS08 at more than250 stations of continuous GPS observations,downloaded from the website,the co-seismic displacements of the M7. 3 Kyushu earthquake on April 16,2016 in Japan and the preseismic strain accumulations and displacements in the regional reference frame were obtained. The station of continuous GPS observation at BJFS near Beijing has been quite stable in displacement in the eastern part of China for more than 17 years since the beginning of its operation,and this station is used as the core station in the regional reference frame for the pre-seismic displacement of the Kyushu earthquake of M7. 3. The main feature of the pre-seismic displacements of the Kyushu earthquake is characterized by locking in the crust at and near the epicenter. The anomalous pre-seismic strain accumulation developed in an area of anomalous accumulation of the shear strain component of γ1 on the northeast side of the epicenter,with increasing size of the area and increasing magnitude in γ1. The largest area covered by the anomalous γ1 is about 2000 km2. The change in the E component at BJFS since November 26,2015 was caused by the replacement of the receiver and the antenna at the station. In order to study the shortterm change in displacements at stations at and near the epicenter,the time series at 3 stations with continuous GPS observations,2 at SUWN and DAEJ in south Korea and 1 at BJSH near Beijing were analyzed. The analysis shows that the displacements at the 3 stations have been quite stable in the same manner in east Asia. Thus,BJSH is used as the core station in the regional reference frame of displacement and the displacement time series show that there were no significant short term anomalies before the earthquake.

Temporal variation of gravity-field in North China before and after the 2011 Japan Mw9. 0 earthquake

By using absolute and relative-gravity data recorded by the gravity network in North China, we obtained some large-scale and high-spatial-resolution images of gravity variation in this area for the first time. By analyzing these images, we found that the gravity in Liaodong peninsula area showed an obvious increase of 80 × 10^-8ms^-2 during about one- and-half year before the 2011 Japan Mwg. 0 earthquake, and a rapid decrease after the earthquake. This gravity variation is similar to that observed previously for the 1976 Tangshan 1147.8 earthquake.

Co-seismic deformation of 2011 Mw9.0 Japan earthquake observed by InSAR technique

Co-seismic line-of-sight displacements of the 2011 Mw9.0 Japan earthquake derived from InSAR data of Envisat ASAR, ALOS PALSAR and TerraSAR-X show a maximum value of about - 245cm to -221cm near the epicenter. This result is in good agreement with the result of GPS measurement. The ob- served displacement pattern suggests an earthquake-rupture zone over 500km long, with a ground-motion pat- tern in the vicinity of the northern segment more complex than that of the southern segment, possibly due to immediate aftershocks that occurred between satellite passes.

Influence of the 2011 Mw9. 0 Japan earthquake on groundwater levels in Chinese mainland

This paper gives a description of the co-seismic and post-seismic groundwater level changes induced in Chinese mainland by the 2011 Mw9.0 Japan earthquake, and the corresponding stress changes calculated on the assumption of linear elasticity. The result shows that the main types of changes were oscillations and step increases. The North-South Seismic Belt and the Shanxi Seismic Belt were the main areas affected by the earthquake.

Strain Energy Release from the 2011 9.0 Mw Tōhoku Earthquake, Japan

The purpose of this paper is to compare the strain energy released due to elastic rebound of the crust from the tragic 2011 9.0 MwTōhoku earthquake in Japan with the observed radiated seismic energy. The strain energy was calculated by analyzing coseismic displacements of 1024 GPS stations of the Japanese GEONET network. The value of energy released from the analysis is 1.75 × 1017J, which is of the same order of magnitude as the USGS-observed radiated seismic energy of 1.9 × 1017Nm (J). The strain energy method is independent of seismic methods for determining the energy released during a large earthquake. The analysis shows that although the energy release is concentrated in the epicentral region, about 12% of the total energy was released throughout the Japanese islands at distances greater than 500 km west of the epicenter. Our results also show that outside the epicentral region, the strainenergy was concentrated along known tectonic zones throughout Japan.

Evaluation of the Long-Term Changes in Fatigue of Cancer Survivors Who Received Outpatient Chemotherapy in the Area Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term changes in fatigue of cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy after a disaster such as the Great Earthquake. Methods: From 2012 to 2014, we measured subjective fatigue, autonomic function, and physical activity with reference to the criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Results: The participants were 13, 9 males (69.2%) and 4 females (30.8%). The most common cancer among the participants was lung cancer 4 patients (30.8%). In 2012, eight patients (61.6%) received anti-cancer drugs and three (23.0%) received the drug by intravenous drip and oral administration. Physical fatigue (p = 0.004), mental fatigue (p = 0.002), comprehensive fatigue (p = 0.012), and comprehensive evaluations (p = 0.032) were significantly different. Significant differences in the autonomic nervous function were observed during the three years from 2012 to 2014 (log LF [p = 0.017], log HF [p = 0.023] and log LF/HF [p = 0.039]). Similar to Subjective fatigue, Significant differences in physical activity were observed during the three years from 2012 to 2014 (DA [p = 0.042], TST [p = 0.037], SE [p = 0.018], AW [p = 0.023] and Naps [p = 0.014]). Conclusions: The participants fatigue worsened at one time, but showed improvement over time. In the event of an emergency such as a disaster, it is necessary to evaluate the physical and mental condition based on objective indicators of cancer patients receiving anti-cancer drug treatment and provide nursing support.

Response of tilt and strain meters in Hubei province to the 2011 Mw9. 0 Japan earthquake

Tilt and strain meters of the deformation-observation network in Hubei Province all responded to the Mw9. 0 Japan earthquake on March 11,2011. By analyzing the co-seismic responses,we found that firstly there was essentially a linear correlation between response time and epicentral distance. Secondly,there was some correlation between maximum response amplitude and earthquake magnitude as well as between the duration and earthquake magnitude. Thirdly,the response amplitudes and decay rates were different for different types of instruments. Due to less data-sampling frequency,the deformation instruments,could not display the first motion of P and S waves,but responded mainly to far-field surface waves. Before the earthquake,the NS earthtide component recorded by the cave stainmeter at Yichang was distorted for nearly eight hours. While digital deformation observation did not show complete information about the earthquake source,it still reflected some key features of seismic-wave propagation.

Damage of 1975 Haicheng M_s7.3 earthquake in the Korean Peninsula and its effect on Kyushu,Japan

The 1975 Haicheng Ms7.3 earthquake affected whole Korean Peninsula and even Kyushu, Japan. In this paper isoseismal map of this earthquake was drawn for these areas by sorting out and analyzing data systematically collected, furthermore, the characteristics of the earthquake damage were discussed. In the northern Korean Peninsula, the intensity is V in great majority of this area except local area with intensity VI, and the damage is basically in accordance with typical characteristics of corresponding intensity grade. In the southern Korean Peninsula, the intensity is IV in large part of the area, however, in some big cities such as Seoul etc., not only high buildings shook strongly, but also some people appeared perceptions such as feeling dizzy and so on, and electrical service was interrupted on one or two districts because of transformer tripping. These phenomena could be caused by the effect of long-period wave generated from a large earthquake on far-field.

Co-seismic groundwater-level and temperature changes of the 2011 Mw9. 0 Japan earthquake in Chinese mainland

Co-seismic groundwater-level and temperature changes caused by the Mw9. 0 Japan earthquake in Chinese mainland are described. The recorded water-level changes were mostly oscillations, with some step decreases mostly in the coastal area of Southeast China and step increases mostly in Northeast China and the North-South Seismic Belt. The water-temperature changes were mainly decrease with slow recovery in Sichuan- Yunnan, South China, and lower reaches of Jiangzhong, and sharp increase followed by sharp decrease, or vice versa, in North China and Northeast China. For wells that showed step changes in both water level and temperature, more showed them in the same direction than in the opposite direction.

New energy policy and low-carbon society in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake

The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation's scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.

Characteristics of earthquake clustering in and around Japan revealed by single-link cluster analysis

In this study,we apply the single-link cluster(SLC)method to analyze the characteristics of earth-quake clustering in Japan.Among the clustering algorithms,the SLC method is effpctive in characterizing earthquake clusters or isolated events at both global and local scales.The results indicate that link lengths for the whole investigated area in and around Japan follow negative exponential functi-onal or Gamma distribution functional increase.Besides,some difference is revealed among different areas,e.g.,link lengths in the area of the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench are shorter than those in other areas;the densest spatial distribution of the SLC framework is also in the area of the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench.The close investigations indicate that the a and 1/θvalues estimated respectively from the exponential function and Gamma distribution may relate to spatial clustering,which is supported by the results of the distribution of link lengths and the spatial distribution of the SLC framework in the investigated areas.

Digitization characteristics of geothermal information and structural analysis of 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Ms9.0 earthquake

Earthquake is one of the difficult problems that can not be solved as of this writing since the time when modern science was initiated over 300 years ago, and irregular events cannot be dealt with by using quantities examples before and followed by a view of the number of analysis systems in modern science; meanwhile, it covers the problem that how to use changeable information. Structural analysis method is developed particularly for the study of evolutionary transitional processes of the changing events by employing irregular information, and emphasizes the primitiveness of changes in events. Based on the data of sounding observation every 08 o'clock and 20 o'clock per day from China Meteorological Administration, in this paper, we employ the digital structural analysis method to analyze the process of the special, structural characteristics of 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Ms9.0 earthquake. The result shows that the method can reflect the process of geothermal structures before and after earthquake; it can reflect the congruity between geothermal "heat level" and the level of earthquake energy. When the structure before the earthquake is "the counter clockwise rolling current and the unstable structures" with "dry in lower levels and wet in upper levels", we should be worry about the problem of earthquake. In a word, geothermal information could reveal that earthquakes really would be "heralded".

Responses of the East Component of Beijing GNSS Continuous Observation Stations to the 2011 Japan M_W 9.0 Earthquake

Several new demands have been put forward for the application of the Beijing continuous GNSS observations due to some particular reasons,such as the limited coverage of the observation network,the different construction and management criterion executed by different units and the intense interference resulting from human activity. In this paper,necessary processing of data is carried out, including more accurate calculation,corrections to the replacement,outliers and relocation of equipment,and elimination of linear trends in the E-component for every station. The E-components of the 16 available stations showed a lower sawtooth wave anomaly( s lowly westward propagating) b efore the2011 Tohoku M W9. 0 earthquake,a coseismic step rebound( rapid eastward propagating)and a post-seismic Ω-shaped recovery. These steps constituted a complete earthquake process which was rarely seen before in the GNSS observations and provides a good example for further study. Moreover, t he rapid eastward propagating during the earthquake is not influenced by the size of the given normal values,which may play a significant role in earthquake forecasting and early warning.

Where is English Majors' Future?-A Revelation from Japan Earthquake Dialogue and Michael Dell's Success Story

With an English program Dialogue about Japan earthquake, it is found that English major's future is pale and gloomy. It's just like Michael Dell's success story, when people found direct marketing is a better way, they would try to get dealers out of the way. English majors are facing the embarrass like dealers.